Vel.  XXV 
No.  3 


PSYCHOLOGICAL  REVIEW  PUBLICATIONS 


Whole  No.  109 
1913 


Psychological  Monographs 

EDITED  BY 

JAMES  ROWLAND  ANGELL,  University  of  Chicago 
HOWARD  C.  WARREN,  Princeton  University  (Review) 

JOHN  B.  WATSON,  Johns  Hopkins  University  (/.  of  Exp.  Psychol). 
SHEPHERD  I.  FRANZ,  Govt.  Hosp.  for  Insane  ( Bulletin )  and 
MADISON  BENTLEY,  University  of  Illinois  (Index) 


A  Higher  Scale  of 

Mental  Measurement  and  Its  Applica¬ 
tion  to  Cases  of  Insanity 

By 

A?  jrROSANOFF 

Al 

HELEN  E.  MARTIN 

AND 

ISABEL  R.  ROSANOFF 

Kings  Park  State  Hospital,  Kings  Park,  N.  Y. 


PSYCHOLOGICAL  REVIEW  COMPANY 

PRINCETON,  N.  J. 
and  LANCASTER,  PA. 


Agents:  G.  E.  STECHERT  &  CO.,  London  (2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.,  W.  C.) 
Leipzig  (Koenigstrasse,  No.  37)  Paris  (76  rue  de  Rennes) 


P*KO.TON 

UNIVERSITY, 

\PRtssy 


CONTENTS 


Discussion  of  the  problem 


I 


Ct 


O 

c* 

P? 

O 


Discussion  of  the  problem  . • 

Part  I.  The  Basic  Standards  . . 

Standard  instructions  •  • . 

Evaluation  of  reactions  .... 

High  standard  . 

Classification  of  reactions  . . . 

Individuality  index  . 

Failure  index  . . 

Index  to  frequency  tables  . . . 

Frequency  tables  . 

Appendix  to  frequency  tables 


i 

4 

4 

6 

9 

12 

13 

13 

15 

16 
63 


Part  II.  Norms  Representing  Various  Degrees  of  Education .  76 

The  factor  of  education  . . .  76 

Native  mental  capacity  .  78 

Physiological  maturation  .  78 

Temporary  condition  of  the  subject .  81 

Influence  of  sex  . 88 


Part  III. 


O 

in 

-  Part  IV. 


Certain  Selective  Influences  and  Effects  of  Selection .  90 

Selection  by  fitness  .  90 

Failure  of  selection  . . .  92 

Measurements  Made  in  Cases  of  Insanity  .  93 

Selection  of  material  . . .  93 

Subjects  of  elementary  education  . . .  95 

Subjects  of  higher  than  elementary  education  .  97 

Evaluation  of  the  Method.  Suggestion  for  Better  Standard¬ 
ization  . 99 

Some  criticisms  discussed  . 99 

All  stimulus  words  not  equally  well  suited  for  the  purpose  of 

this  test  . 102 

A  better  selection  of  stimulus  words  possible  by  means  of  an 

empirical  method  . 105 

Stricter  selection  of  subjects  for  high  standard .  106 

Precautions  in  applying  the  test .  106 

Unusual  associational  mechanisms  .  106 


/f 

Ub<W  4  >70  i 


Part  VI.  Summary 


no 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/higherscaleofmenOOrosa 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT  AND 
ITS  APPLICATION  TO  CASES  OF  INSANITY 

By 

A.  J.  Rosanoff 
Helen  E.  Martin 
and  Isabel  R.  Rosanoff 
Kings  Park  State  Hospital ,  Kings  Park,  N.  Y. 


One  of  the  great  needs  of  practical  psychiatry  is  that  of  stand¬ 
ardized  methods  of  mental  measurement.  For  some  such 
methods  a  debt  of  gratitude  is  already  due  to  psychologists;  but 
our  experience  in  their  application  has  gradually  led  us  to  realize 
that  the  standards  which  have  been  developed  and  made  availa¬ 
ble  do  not  take  sufficiently  into  account  environmental  influences. 
It  has  been  too  readily  assumed  at  times  that  a  difference  in  the 
showing  of  two  subjects  is  necessarily  to  be  attributed  to  a  differ¬ 
ence  in  native  mental  capacity. 

It  will  be  granted,  of  course,  that  to  provide  a  satisfactory 
correction  of  the  error  due  to  the  variable  influence  of  environ¬ 
ment  would  be  a  difficult  matter;  but  it  has  occurred  to  us  that 
the  difficulty  might  be  materially  reduced  by  confining  our  pro¬ 
posed  tests  to  a  selected  sphere  of  knowledge  or  activity  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  a  corresponding  and  more  or  less  readily  measurable 
sample  of  the  environment,  so  to  speak,  rather  than  to  the  en¬ 
vironment  as  a  whole. 

To  take  a  concrete  example,  we  could,  perhaps,  form  a  more 
useful  practical  judgment  of  the  aptitudes  of  a  printer’s  appren¬ 
tice  by  considering  the  speed  and  accuracy  with  which  he  can  set 
up  a  page  of  text  in  relation  to  the  length  of  his  apprenticeship, 
than  we  could  by  applying  a  series  of  tests  of  general  intelligence 
and  then  attempting  to  correct  the  results  by  somehow  taking 
into  account  the  sum  total  of  his  general  environmental  influences. 

Assuming  that  this  is  so,  then  in  order  to  develop  a  generally 


2  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

applicable  method  it  is  necessary,  before  all,  to  choose  a  more  or 
less  readily  measurable  “sample”  of  environment  which  would 
affect  at  least  a  majority  of  possible  subjects.  We  say  choose, 
but  the  fact  is  there  is  hardly  any  choice  in  the  matter,  for  only 
one  general  environmental  element  has  been  in  any  degree  stand¬ 
ardized  and  is  at  least  roughly  measurable,  namely,  the  element  of 
systematic  education.  In  spite  of  some  variation  of  standards  in 
different  parts  of  the  country,  everyone  recognizes  a  certain  de¬ 
gree  of  general  uniformity  in  magnitudes  represented,  say,  by 
“four  elementary  school  years,”  “eight  elementary  school  years,” 
“high  school  education”  or  “collegiate  education.” 

In  speaking  of  systematic  education  as  a  measurable  environ¬ 
mental  element,  in  this  connection,  we  do  not  mean  such  vague, 
though  important,  parts  of  it  as  scholastic  atmosphere,  refining 
influences,  stimulating  associations;  these  parts,  being  variable 
and  hardly  measurable,  must  not  be  allowed  to  affect  the  results ; 
we  mean  only  the  process  of  the  actual  imparting  of  knowledge, 
and  preferably  that  knowledge  which  is  more  or  less  basic  or 
theoretical,  and  not  with  which  one  is  apt  to  come  in  touch  in 
extra-scholastic  life. 

Having  these  considerations  in  mind,  our  special  problem  be¬ 
came  to  develop  a  simple  method  whereby  a  subject’s  mental 
capacity  might  be  estimated  from  a  measure  of  what  he  has  ac¬ 
quired  in  the  course  of  his  education,  and  from  a  comparison  of 
his  acquisition  with  the  average  of  a  group  of  subjects  of  the 
same  amount  of  education. 

Our  experience  with  free  association  tests1  has  led  us  to  be¬ 
lieve  that  just  such  a  test,  applied  by  means  of  a  specially  selected 
list  of  stimulus  words,  would  best  serve  our  purpose,  owing  par¬ 
ticularly  to  the  great  simplicity  of  the  procedure  and  to  the  readi¬ 
ness  with  which  the  results  may  be  classified  and  standardized. 

This  presentation  has  been  arranged  in  six  parts:  I.  The 

1  Kent  and  Rosanoff.  A  Study  of  Association  in  Insanity.  Amer.  Journ. 
of  Insanity,  July  and  Oct.,  1910. — Eastman  and  Rosanoff.  Association  in 
Feeble-Minded  and  Delinquent  Children.  Amer.  Journ.  of  Insanity,  July, 
1912. — Isabel  R.  and  A.  J.  Rosanoff.  A  Study  of  Association  in  Children. 
Psychol.  Review,  Jan.,  1913. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


3 


.Basic  Standards;  II.  Norms  Representing  Various  Degrees  of 
Education  ;  III.  Certain  Selective  Influences  and  Effects  of  Selec¬ 
tion  ;  IV.  Measurements  Made  in  Cases  of  Insanity ;  V.  Evalua¬ 
tion  of  the  Method.  Suggestion  for  Better  Standardization;  and 
VI.  Summary. 


PART  I.  THE  BASIC  STANDARDS 


In  selecting  the  stimulus  words  we  were  guided,  in  the  first 
place,  by  the  usual  curricula  of  schools,  comprising  the  subjects 
of  arithmetic,  grammar,  geography,  history;  algebra,  geometry, 
physiology,  literature,  civics;  trigonometry,  physics,  chemistry, 
and  biology; — and  we  were  further  guided  by  the  aim  of  reveal¬ 
ing  in  each  instance  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  familiarity  with 
the  school  subjects  concerned,  yet  such  a  familiarity  which  is  not 
likely  to  be  acquired  otherwise  than  in  the  course  of  sytematic 
education.  The  following  list  of  words  was  finally  selected : 


1.  geography 

2.  participle 

3.  Waterloo 

4.  refraction 

5.  arithmetic 

6.  botany 

7.  isomerism 

8.  Portugal 

9.  amoeba 

10.  declension 

11.  burette 

12.  physics 

13.  hyperbole 

14.  retina 

15.  coagulation 

16.  Cervantes 

17.  franchise 

18.  subtraction 

19.  metabolism 

20.  predicate 

21.  mollusc 

22.  inquisition 

23.  amphibious 

24.  decimal 

25.  hydraulic 


26.  osmosis 

27.  percentage 

28.  cerebellum 

29.  fractions 

30.  titration 

31.  carbohydrate 

32.  duodenum 

33.  cosecant 

34.  biology 

35.  Odyssey 

36.  vertebrate 

37.  gravimetric 

38.  federal 

39.  morphology 

40.  hypothenuse 

41.  Magellan 

42.  hexameter 

43.  meteor 

44.  momentum 

45.  Cornwallis 

46.  protozoon 

47.  syntax 

48.  distillation 

49.  pollen 

50.  peninsula 


1  51.  binomial 
j  52.  crustacean 
j  53.  Bonaparte 

54.  meridian 

55.  chlorophyll 

56.  tetrahedron 
.57.  Madagascar 

58.  corolla 
.  59.  ventral 

60.  Belgium 

61.  tangent 

62.  dorsal 

63.  colloid 

64.  equator 

65.  judiciary 

66.  synthesis 

67.  Athens 

68.  epithelium 

69.  feudalism 

70.  coefficient 
.  71.  perennial 

72.  plebeian 

73.  catalytic 

74.  embryo 

75.  spectrum 


76.  continent 

77.  spore 

78.  theorem 

79.  Himalaya 

80.  Renaissance 

81.  quotient 

82.  oxidation 

83.  haemoglobin 

84.  axiom 

85.  Amazon 

86.  isosceles 

87.  cohesion 

88.  protoplasm 

89.  centrifugal 

90.  molecule 

91.  cotyledon 

92.  abscissa 

93.  gravitation 

94.  galvanic 

95.  logarithm 

96.  calyx 

97.  polarization 

98.  cephalic 

99.  proteid 

100.  kinetic 


The  first  part  of  our  undertaking  consisted  in  making  tests  on 
a  large  number  of  selected  subjects,  the  records  of  which  were  to 
serve  for  the  construction  of  basic  standards. 

In  the  work  of  collecting  material,  we  adhered  to  the  following 
instructions,  and  we  furnished  the  same  to  our  collaborators. 

“The  test  must  be  given  to  subjects  individually  and  not  in 
groups. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


5 


i  “It  should  be  conducted  in  a  quiet  place  reasonably  free  from 
distracting  influences. 

“The  stimulus  words  are  read  off  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  given  on  the  printed  form,  care  being  taken  to  pronounce 
them  correctly,  distinctly,  and  in  a  sufficiently  loud  tone  of  voice. 
At  the  subject's  request,  any  stimulus  word  may  be  repeated,  but 
its  meaning  must  not  be  explained  or  discussed.  It  may  also  be 
spelled  at  the  subject’s  request  if  necessary  in  order  to  make  sure 
that  the  word  has  been  correctly  conveyed  to  him. 

“The  subject  must  be  given  unrestricted  time  to  formulate  a 
reaction  after  a  stimulus  word  has  been  given,  but  he  must  be  in¬ 
structed  to  give  the  first  word  that  comes  to  his  mind  and  not  to 
attempt  to  choose  a  most  appropriate  response.  The  reaction 
time  is  not  recorded. 

“The  subject  must  be  instructed  to  react  each  time  with  one 
word  and  not  with  a  sentence  or  a  compound  word ;  he  must  not 
react  by  merely  repeating  the  stimulus  word  or  by  giving  a  differ¬ 
ent  grammatical  form  of  it. 

“The  subject  may  say  that  he  is  not  familiar  with  a  given 
stimulus  word  or  that  he  is  for  some  other  reason  unable  to  react. 
The  experimenter  may  then  proceed  with  the  next  stimulus  word 
after  telling  the  subject  that  he  would  come  back  to  the  unreacted 
word  later  on. 

“The  subject,  in  spite  of  instructions,  may  react  in  an  unaccept¬ 
able  way,  as  by  giving  a  sentence  or  a  compound  word  instead  of 
a  single  word,  or  by  repeating  the  stimulus  word,  or  by  giving  a 
different  grammatical  form  of  it.  In  such  a  case  the  reaction  is 
not  put  down,  but  the  pertinent  instructions  are  repeated  and  the 
next  stimulus  word  is  given. 

“When  all  the  stimulus  words  have  been  given  the  experi¬ 
menter  must  give  again  those  stimulus  words  to  which  no  respon¬ 
ses  have  been  obtained  or  no  acceptable  responses.  Usually  even 
after  thus  going  over  the  list  a  second  time  there  will  remain  a 
greater  or  lesser  number  of  instances  of  failure  of  reaction.” 

In  scoring  the  results  of  the  test  we  have  followed  the  Kent- 
Rosanoff  method  of  separating  reactions  into  cojnmon  and  in- 


6 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF ,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  RO  SAN  OFF 


dividual ,  without  making  use  of  the  criteria  for  more  detailed 
classification  which  seemed  unimportant  for  our  present  pur¬ 
poses.  On  the  other  hand,  it  became  apparent  early  in  the  course 
of  our  work  that  a  means  of  as  accurate  evaluation  as  possible 
of  each  common  reaction  was  of  greater  importance  here  than  in 
the  scope  of  application  of  the  Kent-Rosanoff  test. 

Theoretically,  it  may  perhaps  be  assumed  that  a  reaction  is  of 
biological  value  according  to  the  faithfulness  and  comprehensive¬ 
ness  with  which  it  represents  the  actual  relationships  in  nature  of 
the  things  represented  by  the  stimulus  word.  Practically,  our 
material  reveals  these  relationships  only  in  so  far  as  they  are 
mirrored  in  the  minds  of  our  subjects. 

It  would  seem,  a  priori ,  that  the  frequency  with  which  a  re¬ 
action  to  a  given  stimulus  word  occurs  in  a  series  of  test  records 
selected  at  random  should  be  a  more  or  less  accurate  measure  of 
the  element  of  faithfulness,  for  chance  is  obviously  against  the 
repeated  presentation  by  different  subjects  of  any  one  falsely  per¬ 
ceived  or  imagined  relationship. 

It  would  seem  also  that  the  element  of  comprehensiveness,  too, 
should  be  to  some  extent  measurable  by  frequency,  for  undoubt¬ 
edly  the  more  numerous  the  points  of  relationship  are  between  a 
given  pair  of  stimulus  and  reaction  words  and  the  things  repre¬ 
sented  by  them,  the  more  often  will  these  points  of  relationship 
determine  the  production  of  that  particular  reaction. 

But  in  this  connection  another  factor  appears  for  considera¬ 
tion,  namely,  the  special  experience  equipment  of  the  group  of 
subjects  from  whom  the  material  for  the  frequency  tables  is 
obtained.  Our  experience  with  the  Kent-Rosanoff  test,  in  which 
commonplace  words  in  daily  use  serve  as  stimulus,  did  not  show 
this  factor  to  be  of  any  great  importance;  but  the  case  is  differ¬ 
ent  with  the  present  test,  as  is  shown  by  the  contrast  in  the  re¬ 
actions  of  two  selected  groups  of  subjects  to  the  stimulus  words 
participle ,  refraction ,  and  amoeba ,  given  in  Table  I.  The  first 
group  is  that  of  our  one  hundred  highest  qualified  subjects;  fifty- 
three  of  them  are  “starred”  in  Cattell’s  “American  Men  of 
Science,”  and  the  remaining  forty-seven,  though  not  “starred,” 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


7 


are  also  listed  there  and  in  addition  occupy  professorships  in 
scientific  departments  of  higher  institutions  of  learning.  The 
second  group  is  one  also  of  one  hundred  subjects,  but  selected  at 
random  and  having  not  more  than  a  high  school  education, — in 
most  cases  much  less.  Attention  is  called  to  differences  in  re¬ 
actions  not  only  as  to  kind  but  also  as  to  group  values. 


TABLE  i. 


PARTICIPLE 

Group  1 
values. 

Group  2 
values. 

REFRACTION 

Group  1 

values. 

Group  2 

values. 

AMOEBA 

Group  1 

values. 

Group  2 

values. 

verb 

28 

1 

light 

35 

5 

animal 

12 

2 

grammar 

1 7 

18 

reflection 

11 

1 

protozoa 

11 

0 

noun 

15 

0 

glass 

10 

0 

paramoecium 

7 

0 

past 

4 

0 

index 

5 

0 

protoplasm 

7 

0 

infinitive 

3 

0 

eye 

4 

0 

biology 

4 

0 

adj  ective 

2 

0 

lens 

3 

0 

jelly 

4 

0 

being 

2 

0 

physics 

3 

0 

proteus 

4 

0 

preposition 

2 

0 

bending 

2 

0 

protozoon 

4 

1 

speech 

2 

2 

diffraction 

2 

0 

zoology 

4 

0 

participate 

1 

12 

eyes 

2 

0 

cell 

3 

1 

part 

1 

11 

microscope 

2 

0 

microscope 

3 

0 

partake 

0 

3 

refractory 

0 

6 

animalcule 

2 

0 

word 

0 

3 

refract 

0 

5 

bacteria 

2 

0 

English 

1 

2 

fraction 

0 

4 

bug 

2 

0 

grain 

0 

2 

reaction 

0 

4 

unicellular 

2 

0 

think 

0 

2 

fractions 

0 

3 

water 

2 

0 

part 

0 

3 

city 

0 

3 

arithmetic 

0 

2 

medical 

0 

3 

break 

0 

2 

name 

0 

3 

decimal 

0 

2 

place 

0 

2 

deviation 

0 

2 

from 

0 

2 

numbers 

0 

2 

reflex 

0 

2 

retract 

0 

2 

No  reaction 

0 

18 

No  reaction 

0 

20 

No  reaction 

1 

57 

The  table  contains  only  the  reactions  which  have  for  either 
group  of  subjects  a  value  of  not  less  than  twb  per  cent.  Even 
more  striking*  differences  are  indicated  in  the  kind  of  individual 
reactions  given  by  the  two  groups.  The  subjects  of  Group  i 
gave  the  following  individual  reactions  to  the  stimulus  word 
refraction:  high,  ice,  minerals,  myopia,  polariscope,  repulsion, 
Snellen,  and  transparent;  while  the  subjects  of  Group  2  gave  the 
following:  adding,  again,  bad,  biceps,  change,  consider,  decimals, 


8 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E .  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


difference,  drawing,  example,  fracture,  friction,  knowledge, 
noisy,  parts,  rebreak,  recoil,  reduce,  refrain,  return,  shadow, 
small,  sound,  sum,  summing,  test,  and  traction. 

Aside  from  the  obvious  difference  in  the  quality  of  the  indi¬ 
vidual  reactions  given  by  the  two  groups  of  subjects,  the  fact  of 
the  far  greater  number  of  them  given  by  the  second  group, — 
twenty-seven  as  compared  with  but  eight  for  the  first  group, — is 
of  significance,  especially  in  view  of  the  circumstance  that  there 
were  no  instances  of  failure  of  reaction  in  the  first  group  and  no 
less  than  twenty  in  the  second. 

We  are  thus  led  to  conclude  that  the  values  of  reactions  would 
be  erroneously  indicated  by  frequency  tables  constructed  on  the 
basis  of  material  obtained  from  subjects  selected  at  random; 
but  a  special  selection  of  subjects  according  to  education  and 
scientific  attainment  would  seem  to  make  possible  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  basic  standards  sufficiently  accurate  to  serve  for  practical 
purposes. 

It  would  seem  from  this  that  the  nearest  approach  to  a  perfect 
standard  should  be  attainable  by  securing  test  records  from  a 
large  number  of  “starred  men”  (including  women,  of  course). 
The  obstacles  encountered  in  the  work  of  gathering  such  ma¬ 
terial  proved,  however,  greater  than  we  had  anticipated,  so  that 
in  the  end  we  found  ourselves  in  possession  of  but  fifty-three 
utilizable  “starred”  men’s  test  records.2  As  our  plan  was  to 
construct  the  basic  standards,  like  those  of  the  Kent-Rosanoff 
test,  with  test  records  from  one  thousand  subjects,  we  had  to 
use  for  the  most  part  test  records  from  subjects  without  the 
qualifications  of  “starred”  men :  persons  listed  in  Cattell’s  “Amer¬ 
ican  Men  of  Science”  but  not  “starred ;”  a  good  many,  not  listed, 
but  holding  professorships  or  instructorships  in  higher  institu¬ 
tions  of  learning;  persons  holding  a  doctor’s  or  master’s  degree; 
and  others  having  at  least  a  full  collegiate  education. 

Having  constructed  frequency  tables  with  the  one  thousand 
test  records  obtained  from  thus  variously  qualified  subjects,  we 

2  A  small  number  of  not  utilizable  test  records  have  been  obtained  from 
both,  “starred”  men  and  other  subjects;  we  shall  have  again  occasion  to 
refer  to  these. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


9 


found  that  many  of  the  values  indicated  were  obviously  erroneous 
and  some  perhaps  even  fictitious;  the  following  instances  have 
been  selected  as  the  more  striking  among  the  reactions  with  an 
indicated  frequency  value  of  not  less  than  i.o  per  cent :  isomerism 
— geography  (1.2),  isotherm  (1.5),  lines  (1.0),  sleep  (1.4); 
amoeba — botany  (1.2);  burette — barette  (4.3),  French  (1.8), 
hair  (2.3) ;  Cervantes — man  (2.3) ;  metabolism — psychology 

(1.1)  ;  amphibious — ambidextrous  (1.0) ;  osmosis — bones  (1.3) ; 
titration — titanic  (1.5) ;  gravimetric — metric  (1.0) ;  morphology 
— death  (4.8),  sleep  (2.0) ;  Magellan — man  (1.0) ;  hexameter — 
perimeter  (1.6);  protozoon — geology  (2.0);  crustacean — earth 
(4.7);  chlorophyll — medicine  (1.3);  ventral — left  (1.1),  wind 
(2.3) ;  colloid — celluloid  (6.6),  collar  (2.9)  ;  synthesis — antithe¬ 
sis  (2.8);  catalytic — catalepsy  (1.0),  catalepitc  (4.3),  catas¬ 
trophe  (1.0),  fit  (2.4),  fits  (1.3);  spore — sporadic  (1.1),  sport 
(1.0);  cotyledon — cottolene  (1.3);  polarization — flower  (1.0); 
cephalic — disease  (1.0),  syphilis  (1.0).  Erroneous  or  fictitious 
values  of  less  than  1.0  per  cent,  are,  of  course,  even  more  fre¬ 
quently  to  be  found. 

The  accuracy  of  the  indicated  values  is  further  impaired  in  the 
cases  of  many  of  the  stimulus  words  by  the  many  failures  of 
reaction;  thus  for  the  following  stimulus  words  the  failure  fre¬ 
quency  exceeded  5.0  per  cent:  isomerism  (21.4) ;  burette  (15.4), 
Cervantes  (6.5),  metabolism  (5.7),  osmosis  (5.8),  titration 
(25.4),  duodenum  (7.2),  gravimetric  (5 .3),  corolla  (7. 5),  col¬ 
loid  (14.1),  epithelium  (8.4),  catalytic  (11.1),  haemoglobin 

(7.1) ,  cotyledon  (13.9),  abscissa  (10.7),  cephalic  (14.2). 

These  circumstances  led  us  to  select  from  amongst  our 

test  records  one  hundred,  which  had  been  obtained  from  our 
most  highly  qualified  subjects,  for  the  construction  of  a  “high 
standard”  which  should  serve  for  a  more  accurate  evaluation 
of  reactions.  This  group  of  subjects  consisted,  as  already  stated, 
of  fifty-three  “starred  men”  and  forty-seven  others,  also  listed  in 
Cattell’s  “American  Men  of  Science,”  but  not  “starred,”  and 
holding  professorships  in  scientific  departments  of  higher  institu¬ 
tions  of  learning.  The  high  standard  values  are  given  in  paren- 


10 


A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


theses  in  the  frequency  tables.  In  comparing  the  high  with  the 
general  standard  values  it  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  former 
represent  frequencies  on  the  basis  of  ioo,  and  the  latter  on  the 
basis  of  1000. 

That  more  accurate  evaluations  are  represented  by  the  high 
than  by  the  general  standard  may  be  judged  from  a  mere  inspec¬ 
tion  of  the  frequency  tables;  for  instance,  all  the  reactions  enum¬ 
erated  above  as  possessing  obviously  erroneous  or  fictitious 
general  standard  values  of  not  less  than  i.o  per  cent,  are  without 
a  high  standard  value.  Moreover,  we  have  scored  many  test 
records  by  means  of  both,  the  high  and  general  standards,  and 
comparisons  of  the  results  have  readily  convinced  us  that  the 
high  standard  values  are  more  trustworthy,  as  they  do  not  fail  to 
reveal  more  fully  the  contrasts  between  groups  of  subjects  dis¬ 
tinguished  according  to  educational  and  intellectual  qualifications. 

The  introduction  of  the  high  standard  establishes  a  new  group 
of  common  reactions, — those  without  a  high  standard  value ;  that 
some  of  these  are  actually  without  apparent  value  or  with  but 
insignificant  value  we  have  already  shown;  but  such  is  by  no 
means  the  case  with  all  of  them ;  on  the  contrary,  it  seems  quite 
certain  that  had  we  a  greater  number  of  test  records  from  sub¬ 
jects  such  as  those  of  our  most  highly  qualified  group  for  the  con¬ 
struction  of  our  high  standard,  many  reactions  now  without  a  high 
standard  value  would  have  been  assigned  one.  The  following  re¬ 
actions  with  a  general  standard  value  of  not  less  than  i.o  per 
cent,  but  without  high  standard  value  may  be  mentioned  as  in¬ 
stances  in  point:  geography — America  (1.5);  participle — word 
(2.9);  Waterloo — defeat  (1.3),  war  (1.0);  refraction — glasses 
(1.0),  optics  (1.0),  rays  (1.0);  arithmetic — fractions  (2.0), 
problems  (1.0),  school  (2.5);  botany — leaves  (1.1);  amoeba — 
dysentery  (1.0),  life  (1.6);  declension — word  (1.2);  physics — 
sound  (1.5);  hyperbole — simile  (1.6);  coagulation — clotting 
(1.5);  Cervantes — author  (1.7);  metabolism — assimilation 
(1.0),  blood  (1.9),  medicine  (1.2);  inquisition — France  (1.5); 
decimal — numbers  (1.5);  hydraulic — mining  (1.1);  osmosis — 
dialysis  (1.2),  egg  (2.8),  physiology  (1.8),  plant  (1.2) ;  percent¬ 
age — fractions  (1.9),  hundredths  (1.3),  proportion  (1.0);  cere- 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


ii 


helium — physiology  (1.4);  fractions — half  (1.6),  percentage 
(1.8),  school  (1.4);  titration — acid  (1.3);  carbohydrate — fats 

(1.8) ,  physiology  (1.2),  proteid  (2.0);  vertebrate — physiology 
(1.2);  gravimetric — measuring  ( 1 .0 ) ;  federal — army  ( 1 .0) , 
histology  (1.4) ;  hypothenuse — square  (1.3) ;  Magellan — circum¬ 
navigation  (1.3),  sea  (1.0) ;  hexameter — iambic  (1.1) ;  meteor — 
falling  (1.4),  flash  (1.1),  {planet  (1.4);  momentum — power 

(1.5) ,  train  (2.0);  Cornwallis — defeat  (1.1),  soldier  (1.1); 
protozoon — water  (1.1);  syntax — construction  (1.9),  English 

(1.9) ,  Latin  (1.2)  ;  distillation — spirits  ( 1 . 1 ) ;  pollen — bees 

(1.6) ,  yellow  (1.8) ;  chlorophyll — biology  (1.2),  coloring  (1.2) ; 
Madagascar — land  (1.0);  corolla — petals  (1.7);  ventral — phys¬ 
iology  (3.0);  dorsal — physiology  (1.9),  spine  (1.2);  colloid — 
chemical  (1.3),  physiology  (1.1);  Equator — map  (1.1),  south 
(1.4);  synthesis — logic  (1.2);  Athens — Greek  (2.3);  epithe¬ 
lium — lining  (1.0),  surface  (1.2)  ;  feudalism — barbarism  (1.0), 
France  (1.5),  mediaevalism  (1.2);  coefficient — factor  (1.4); 
perennial — botany  (1.3),  years  (1.3) ;  plebeian — history  (1.1), 
Roman  (1.5);  embryo — chicken  (1.3),  growth  ( 1 . 1 ) ,  seed  (2.1) ; 
spore — bacteriology  (1.0),  biology  (4.7),  egg  (2.0),  fish  (1.6), 
mould  (1.1),  zoology  (1.8);  Himalaya — height  (1.3);  Renais¬ 
sance — literature  (3.8),  mediaeval  (1.6);  quotient — remainder 
(1.1) ;  oxidation — burn  (1.2),  silver  (1.7) ;  haemoglobin — medi¬ 
cine  (1.0) ;  axiom — corollary  (1.4),  law  (1.2) ;  isosceles — equi¬ 
lateral  (1.1);  protoplasm — botany  (i.o),  germ  (1.3),  matter 

(1.6) ,  physiology  (1.2),  zoology  (2.1);  centrifugal — center 

(3.6) ,  circle  (1.2);  molecule — atoms  (1.3),  little  (1.2);  gal¬ 
vanic — iron  (3.6),  physics  (2.8);  cephalic — skull  (1.2);  pro¬ 
teid — fat  (2.4);  kinetic — power  (2.7). 

These  examples  show  that  the  high  standard  is  also  lacking  in 
accuracy  owing  to  insufficiency  in  the  amount  of  material  which 
has  been  used  for  its  construction,  but  that  to  some  extent  at 
least  any  resulting  error  can  be  counterbalanced  by  taking  into 
consideration,  in  scoring  test  records,  the  number  of  common 
reactions  without  a  high  standard  value. 

Turning  to  the  many  individual  reactions  found  in  our  ma¬ 
terial,  we  find  that  a  very  considerable  proportion  among  them 


12  A.  J.  ROSANOFF ,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


also  are  apparently  of  value  and  would  probably  have  found 
places  in  the  frequency  tables  if  we  had  had  more  adequate 
material  for  their  construction.  In  order  to  provide  at  least  a 
partial  correction  of  error  in  the  evaluation  of  individual  reac¬ 
tions  we  prepared  an  appendix  to  the  frequency  tables  like  the  one 
prepared  for  use  in  connection  with  the  Kent-Rosanoff  test. 

We  are  thus  enabled  by  means  of  the  frequency  tables  and  the 
appendix  to  distinguish  the  following  categories  of  reactions: 

1.  Common  with  high  standard  value. 

2.  Common  without  high  standard  value. 

3.  Doubtful,  i.e.,  to  be  found  in  the  frequency  tables  but  in 
a  different  grammatical  form. 

4.  Individual  with  value  assigned  by  appendix. 

5.  Individual  without  value  assigned  by  appendix. 

In  scoring  test  records  we  have  found  the  following  measure¬ 
ments  to  be  of  the  greatest  significance  in  general:  (a)  Sum  of 
high  standard  values;  (b)  Total  number  of  common  reactions; 
(c)  Individuality  index ;  (d)  Falure  index. 

The  individuality  index  and  the  failure  index  are  calculated 
for  each  test  record  in  preference  to  merely  noting  the  number 
of  individual  reactions  and  of  failures  of  reaction  for  the  reason 
that  the  significance  of  an  individual  reaction  or  of  a  failure  of 
reaction  apparently  varies  according  to  the  stimulus  word:  the 
stimulus  word  isosceles  evoked  36,  and  metabolism  169,  individ¬ 
ual  reactions  from  the  one  thousand  subjects  whose  test  records 
were  used  for  the  construction  of  the  frequency  tables ;  similarly, 
there  were  no  failures  of  reaction  to  a  number  of  the  stimulus 
words,  such  as  Waterloo,  botany,  subtraction,  etc.,  and  no  less 
than  254  to  the  word  titration;  the  frequency  tables  show  various 
degrees  of  transition  between  these  extremes.  Accordingly,  our 
calculations  of  individuality  index  and  failure  index  are  intended 
to  make  allowance  for  this  variable  tendency  of  the  stimulus 
words  to  evoke  an  individual  reaction  or  a  failure  of  reaction ;  it 
seems  obvious  that  the  significance  of  an  individual  reaction 
given  in  response  to  the  word  metabolism  cannot  be  the  same  as 
that  of  one  given  in  response  to  the  word  isosceles,  also  that  the 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


13 


significance  of  failing  to  react  to  the  word  titration  is  not  so 
great  as  that  of  failing  to  react  to  such  a  word  as  subtraction. 

In  connection  with  the  frequency  table  for  each  stimulus  word 
is  given  the  individuality  frequency  and  the  failure  frequency 
for  that  wbrd. 

In  calculating  the  individuality  index  for  a  given  test  record  we 
obtain  first  the  average  individuality'  frequency  by  dividing  the 
sum  of  the  individuality  frequencies  of  all  the  stimulus  words, 
in  response  to  which  the  record  shows  individual  reactions,  by 
the  total  number  of  individual  reactions;  the  individuality  index 
is  then  obtained  by  dividing  the  total  number  of  individual  reac¬ 
tions  by  the  average  individuality  frequency;  we  have  found  it 
sufficient  to  carry  the  calculations  to  the  third  decimal  place.  The 
formula  for  the  calculation  is  quite  simple : 


Individuality  index  =  -  —  - 

n  representing  the  total  number  of  individual  reactions  and  /  the 
sum  of  all  individuality  frequencies. 

The  failure  index  is  calculated  in  a  similar  way : 


Failure  index  = 


»1 


2 


ft 

excepting  that  in  this  formula  n±  represents  the  total  number  of 
failures  of  reaction  and  fx  the  sum  of  all  failure  frequencies. 

Perhaps  another  element  of  inaccuracy  in  our  frequency  tables 
should  be  mentioned  before  closing  this  part  of  our  presentation. 
It  is  often  incredibly  difficult,  and  in  some  cases  apparently  im¬ 
possible,  to  limit  subjects  to  one  word  responses;  and  it  has 
seemed  to  us  that  some  of  our  collaborators  have  not  emphasized 
this  point  sufficiently  in  their  instructions  to  subjects;  moreover 
some  of  the  stimulus  words  have  a  greater  tendency  than  others 
to  evoke  a  two  word  or  a  compound  word  reaction.  Test  records 
containing  more  than  five  such  reactions  have  been  regularly  dis¬ 
carded  by  us,  as,  it  seems  hardly  necessary  to  say,  it  would  be 
impossible  to  construct  standards  with  reactions  not  limited  to 
one  word.  We  were,  however,  compelled  in  the  interest  of 
economy  of  time  and  labor  to  accept  some  test  records  containing 


14  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

not  over  five  two  word  reactions,  and  some  others  containing 
even  more  but  belonging  to  a  special  group  of  reactions  which  we 
eventually  decided  to  accept:  geography — North  America  (0.6), 
South  America  (0.4),  United  States  (1.2);  amoeba — jelly-fish 
(0.9)  ;  burette — cubic-centimeter  (0.4),  test  tube  (0.7)  ;  physics 
— high  school  (0.4)  ;  retina — eye  ball  (0.4) ;  Cervantes — Don 
Quixote  (31.0),  Sancho  Panza  (0.3),  wind  mill  (0.4),  wind 
mills  (0.7);  franchise — street  car  (2.0),  street  cars  (0.3), 
woman  suffrage  (0.3);  subtraction — minus  sign  (0.5),  taking 
away  (0.4)  ;  mollusc — shell  fish  (3.7) ;  inquisition — Catholic 
Church  (0.4),  middle  ages  (0.3);  amphibious — land  and  water 
(0.4)  ;  percentage — one  hundred  (1.2),  per  cent  (0.5),  per  cent 
sign  (1.0);  fractions — one-half  (0.4),  one-quarter  (0.2),  one- 
third  (0.1),  three-fourths  (0.6),  three-quarters  (0.1),  two- 
thirds  (0.4) ;  vertebrate — spinal  column  (0.4) ;  gravimetric — 
metric  system  (0.8) ;  federal — United  States  (4.1)  ;  hypothenuse 
— right  angle  (1.5)  ;  Magellan — South  America  (2.3)  ;  meteor — 
falling  star  (0.3),  shooting  star  (0.5) ;  pollen — hay  fever  (0.5) ; 
peninsula — Cape  Cod  (0.6) ;  crustacean — shell  fish  (2.0)  ;  Bona¬ 
parte — Saint  Helena  (1.3)  ;  tetrahedron — four-sided  (0.7),  solid 
geometry  (0.6);  Equator — Mark  Twain  (0.4),  North  Pole 
(0.4),  South  America  (1.3);  judiciary — Supreme  Court  (0.6); 
synthesis — building  up  (0.4),  putting  together  (1.4),  put  to¬ 
gether  (0.3)  ;  feudalism — middle  ages  (4.6)  ;  plebeian — hoi  polloi 
(0.4);  continent — North  America  (4.5),  South  America  (0.4), 
United  States  (0.3)  ;  Himalaya — Mount  Everest  (0.6) ;  Renais¬ 
sance — middle  ages  (1.4),  new'  birth  (0.4);  axiom — self  evi¬ 
dent  (1.6);  Amazon — South  America  (6.0);  cohesion  sticking 
together  (0.7)  ;  proteid — amino  acid  (0.5). 

That  the  indicated  values  of  these  reactions  are  to  some  extent 
erroneous  seems  probable  from  the  consideration  that  many  more 
subjects  would  surely  have  given  them  but  for  our  instruction  to 
react  with  one  word;  on  the  other  hand,  if  all  our  subjects  had 
adhered  closely  to  this  instruction  we  should  have  had  no  two 
word  reactions  in  the  frequency  tables  and  the  indicated  values 
of  many  of  the  one  word  responses  would  thereby  have  been 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


15 


considerably  altered.  This  applies  to  the  high  as  well  as  to  the 
general  standard  values. 

A  few  foreign  words  have  found  their  way  into  the  frequency 
tables  ( metabolism — Stoffwechsel,  protozoon — Urtiere,  plebeian 
— sansculotte,  etc.);  they  should,  of  course,  not  have  been  ac¬ 
cepted  as  reactions. 

Proper  names  of  persons  are  indicated  in  the  tables  only  by  the 
initial  letters,  exception  being  made  of  historical  personages 
( Waterloo — Bluecher,  Wellington;  refraction — Newton;  iso¬ 
merism — Pasteur;  Portugal — Manuel,  etc.). 

Some  few  words  in  the  tables  seem  to  be  neologisms  ( isomerism 
— isopometric,  mern;  Portugal — comosh;  declension — luo;  in¬ 
quisition — equisition,  exquisition ;  amphibious — ampher,  etc. )  ; 
it  is  possible  that  some  of  these  have  been  incorrectly  recorded  by 
the  experimenters. 


Index  to  the  Frequency  Tables 


abscissa 

92 

continent 

76 

hydraulic 

25 

physics 

12 

Amazon 

85 

Cornwallis 

45 

hyperbole 

13 

plebeian 

72 

amoeba 

9 

corolla 

58 

hypothenuse 

40 

polarization 

97 

amphibious 

23 

cosecant 

33 

inquisition 

22 

pollen 

49 

arithmetic 

5 

cotyledon 

9i 

isomerism 

7 

Portugal 

8 

Athens 

67 

crustacean 

52 

isosceles 

86 

predicate 

20 

axiom 

84 

decimal 

24 

j  udiciary 

65 

proteid 

99 

Belgium 

60 

declension 

10 

kinetic 

100 

protoplasm 

88 

binomial 

5i 

distillation 

48 

logarithm 

95 

protozoon 

46 

biology 

34 

dorsal 

62 

Madagascar 

57 

quotient 

81 

Bonaparte 

53 

duodenum 

32 

Magellan 

4i 

refraction 

4 

botany 

6 

embryo 

74 

meridian 

54 

Renaissance 

80 

burette 

11 

epithelium 

68 

metabolism 

19 

retina 

14 

calyx 

96 

equator 

64 

meteor 

43 

spectrum 

75 

carbohydrate 

3i 

federal 

38 

molecule 

90 

spore 

77 

catalytic 

73 

feudalism 

69 

mollusc 

21 

subtraction 

18 

centrifugal 

89 

fractions 

29 

momentum 

44 

syntax 

47 

cephalic 

98 

franchise 

17 

morphology 

39 

synthesis 

66 

cerebellum 

28 

galvanic 

94 

Odyssey 

35 

tangent 

61 

Cervantes 

16 

geography 

1 

osmosis 

26 

tetrahedron 

56 

chlorophyll 

55 

gravimetric 

37 

oxidation 

82 

theorem 

78 

coagulation 

15 

gravitation 

93 

participle 

2 

titration 

30 

coefficient 

70 

haemoglobin 

83 

peninsula 

50 

ventral 

59 

cohesion 

87 

hexameter 

42 

percentage 

27 

vertebrate 

36 

colloid 

63 

Himalaya 

79 

perennial 

71 

Waterloo 

3 

i6 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


i.  GEOGRAPHY. 


Individuality  Frequency,  115. 
Failure  Frequency,  2. 


Africa 

(1) 

10 

countries 

(1) 

3 

history  (10) 

76 

neurology 

1 

science 

(1) 

7 

Alaska 

(1) 

3 

country 

(1) 

6 

home  geography 

1 

New  Jersey 

1 

sea 

1 

Amazon 

1 

county 

1 

house 

1 

New  York  (1) 

2 

shore 

1 

America 

15 

cover 

1 

Illinois 

1 

New  Zealand 

1 

sister 

1 

arithmetic 

(3) 

19 

curriculum 

1 

Indiana 

1 

north 

1 

soil 

(1) 

1 

Arizona 

1 

Denmark 

1 

Iowa 

1 

North  America 

6 

South  America 

4 

Asia 

(1) 

15 

distance 

1 

island  (1) 

5 

.  (2) 

South  Carolina 

1 

Athens 

1 

distribution 

1 

islands 

2 

Nova  Scotia 

1 

space 

1 

Atlantic 

3 

D. 

1 

isthmus 

1 

ocean  (1) 

5 

Spain 

(1) 

5 

Atlas 

(2) 

11 

drawing 

1 

Italy 

3 

Oregon 

1 

spell 

1 

A. 

1 

earth 

(5) 

51 

Java 

1 

paleography 

1 

spelling 

3 

Austria 

1 

east 

(1) 

1 

land  (8) 

51 

peninsula  (1) 

2 

sphere 

2 

Baku 

1 

England 

(1) 

6 

lands 

1 

Pennsylvania 

2 

state 

(1) 

5 

B. 

1 

English 

1 

Latin  (1) 

4 

Peru 

1 

S. 

(1) 

1 

Belgium 

1 

Europe 

(2) 

22 

lesson 

1 

philosophy 

1 

stream 

1 

book 

(6)  103 

Florida 

1 

location 

1 

photography 

1 

study 

12 

Boston 

3 

France 

2 

London 

1 

physical  (3) 

12 

S. 

1 

botany 

1 

F. 

9 

Madagascar 

1 

physics 

3 

Switzerland 

2 

boy 

1 

geodesy 

1 

magazine 

2 

physiography 

5 

Syria 

1 

Brazil 

1 

geographical 

1 

Maine 

1 

physiology 

4 

T. 

(1) 

2 

brother 

1 

geology 

(8) 

22 

Manhattan 

1 

picture  (1) 

1 

teaching 

2 

Bulgaria 

1 

geometry 

2 

map  (14)  159 

place 

3 

Tennessee 

1 

California 

3 

geos 

(1) 

1 

maps  (2) 

34 

plains 

1 

territory 

1 

Canada 

1 

Germany 

3 

Massachusetts 

1 

plant  (1) 

1 

Texas 

1 

chair 

1 

Gibraltar 

1 

mathematical 

1 

plants 

1 

text-book 

(1) 

2 

changed 

1 

G. 

1 

mathematics  (1) 

4 

politics 

1 

travel 

4 

chart 

1 

globe 

(2) 

9 

M. 

1 

Portugal 

1 

Turkey 

1 

child 

2 

grammar 

13 

M. 

1 

primary 

1 

United  States 

12 

childhood 

1 

graph 

1 

meterology 

1 

psychology 

1 

(2) 

China 

1 

Greece 

1 

Mexico 

2 

R. 

2 

vocation 

1 

circle 

1 

ground 

1 

monography 

1 

rhyme 

1 

war 

7 

class 

1 

growth 

1 

M. 

1 

river 

7 

W. 

1 

coast 

1 

G. 

1 

M. 

1 

rivers 

1 

water 

2 

C. 

1 

G. 

(1) 

1 

mountain 

7 

road  (1) 

1 

world 

(2) 

24 

commercial 

1 

H. 

1 

mountains 

5 

Roosevelt 

1 

write 

1 

continent 

(1) 

3 

Hellenes 

1 

N. 

1 

royal 

1 

writing 

2 

continents 

2 

hemisphere 

1 

nation  (1) 

2 

Russia 

3 

cosmos 

1 

hills 

2 

national 

1 

school  (2) 

32 

2.  PARTICIPLE. 


Individuality  Frequency,  71. 
Failure  Frequency,  3. 


a  (1) 

ablative 
acting 
action 

adjective  (2) 
adjunct 

adverb  (1) 

agree 

and 

apostrophe  (1) 

arithmetic 

Armstrong  (1) 

article 

assistance 

atom 

B. 

being  (2) 

bending 

breaking 

but 

clause 

combination 
composition 
conjugation 
conjunction  (1) 


5 

connector 

rn 

1 

having 

6 

parse 

(1) 

2 

reading 

1 

2 

dangling 

2 

he 

1 

parsing 

(1) 

1 

ringing 

1 

1 

decimal 

1 

ignorance 

1 

parsnip 

1 

running 

(1) 

8 

4 

declension 

1 

impartial 

1 

parsnips 

(1) 

1 

sailing 

(1) 

1 

47 

definition 

3 

in 

2 

part 

(1) 

8 

school 

3 

1 

deponent 

1 

infinitive 

(3) 

25 

partaking 

1 

sentence 

5 

31 

doing 

(i) 

1 

ing 

(1) 

21 

particeps 

singing 

1 

1 

editorials 

1 

I. 

1 

criminis 

(1) 

1 

skin 

1 

1 

egg 

1 

is 

1 

participate 

(1) 

3 

small 

1 

1 

ending 

1 

join 

1 

particle 

2 

speech 

(2) 

9 

2 

English 

CD 

6 

language 

9 

particular 

1 

standing 

1 

1 

finished 

1 

Latin 

9 

partisan 

(1) 

5 

subjunctive 

1 

2 

5:4 

1 

laughing 

(1) 

1 

part  of  speech 

1 

supplementary 

1 

1 

form 

1 

lively 

1 

party 

1 

syntax 

1 

1 

formation 

1 

living 

1 

past 

(4) 

18 

tense 

3 

1 

fraction 

3 

lying 

1 

perfect 

1 

the 

(1) 

13 

13 

gerund 

(i) 

9 

modifier 

2 

phrase 

(1) 

15 

thinking 

1 

1 

gerundive 

1 

modifying 

1 

pleasing 

1 

to 

8 

1 

going 

(i) 

12 

money 

1 

predicate 

2 

transitive 

1 

1 

governor 

1 

municipal 

1 

preposition 

(2) 

16 

verb  (28)  : 

195 

2 

grammar 

(17)  179 

New  Testament 

1 

present 

8 

verbal 

1 

1 

grammar 

school 

1 

noun  (15) 

131 

principle 

4 

verbs 

2 

1 

Greek 

1 

nouns 

2 

pronoun 

(1) 

18 

word 

29 

2 

had 

1 

of 

(1) 

8 

pupil 

1 

words 

4 

7 

hanging 

1 

parenthesis 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


1 7 


3.  WATERLOO. 


Individuality  Frequency,  65. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


Allies  fighting 

1 

brother 

1 

fighting 

2 

losses 

0) 

1 

Sedan 

2 

Amiens 

1 

Brussels  (1) 

4 

France 

3 

Louisburg 

1 

Seneca  Falls 

1 

Amsterdam 

1 

Bunker  Hill 

1 

French 

(1) 

4 

luck 

1 

town 

3 

Asia 

1 

Cedar  Falls 

1 

funny 

1 

map 

1 

Victor  Hugo 

1 

Austerlitz  (1) 

2 

Cedar  Rapids 

4 

general 

1 

Marne 

(1) 

1 

victory 

2 

battle  (22)  233 

Chelsea 

1 

German 

0) 

1 

Metz 

(1) 

1 

war 

10 

battle-field 

1 

Chemnitz 

1 

Germans 

2 

military 

1 

warfare 

1 

battle-ground 

1 

church 

1 

Germany 

1 

monument 

2 

water  (1) 

3 

beer 

1 

city 

1 

Gettysburg 

4 

Napoleon  (46)  505 

Wlaterbury 

2 

Beethoven 

1 

Courtrai 

1 

Ghent 

1 

Nelson 

1 

water  lilies 

1 

Belgian 

1 

defeat 

13 

Hastings 

0) 

2 

Ney 

1 

water  lily  (1) 

2 

Belgians 

1 

defeats 

1 

history 

(3) 

9 

painting 

1 

watermelon 

1 

Belgium  (3) 

15 

ditch 

1 

home 

1 

Paris 

0) 

1 

Watertown 

1 

Berlin 

1 

doubtful 

1 

image 

1 

picture 

1 

weather 

1 

bird 

1 

eighteen-fifteen 

1 

insurance 

1 

plain 

(1) 

1 

Wellington  (11)  72 

Blenheim 

1 

English 

1 

Iowa 

0) 

13 

Quatre  Bras 

1 

Westminster 

1 

Blucher  (2) 

10 

fate 

1 

Kaiser 

1 

Rheims 

1 

willow 

1 

Bonaparte 

3 

field 

4 

Les  Miserables 

1 

river 

2 

Yorktown 

1 

bridge 

1 

fight 

3 

lily 

1 

4.  REFRACTION. 


Individuality  Frequency,  78. 
Failure  Frequency,  5. 


air 

1 

curves 

1 

incidence 

(1) 

4 

oculist 

(1) 

3 

slanting 

1 

amputation 

1 

curving 

1 

index 

(5) 

23 

optical 

(1) 

2 

Snellen  (1) 

1 

angle 

5 

cut 

1 

indices 

1 

optician 

3 

spectacles 

1 

arithmetic 

2 

deflection 

4 

indirect 

1 

optics 

10 

spectrum 

1 

astigmatism 

1 

D. 

1 

industry 

1 

period 

1 

spoon 

1 

atmosphere 

(1) 

2 

destruction 

1 

inflection 

(1) 

4 

physics 

(3) 

60 

stare 

1 

back 

1 

deviation 

1 

infraction 

5 

physiology 

1 

strike 

1 

balsam 

1 

diagram 

2 

intensity 

1 

picture 

2 

subtraction 

3 

bend 

3 

diffraction 

(2) 

19 

interaction 

1 

polariscope  (1) 

1 

sugar 

1 

bending 

(2) 

17 

diffusion  (1) 

2 

Latin 

1 

polarization 

3 

sun 

6 

bent 

2 

dispersion 

2 

law 

1 

prism 

(1) 

24 

sunlight 

1 

blackboard 

1 

error 

(1) 

4 

leg 

1 

psychology 

x 

think 

1 

blow 

1 

eye 

(4) 

29 

lens 

(3) 

36 

quartz 

1 

thinking 

1 

bound 

1 

eye  glass 

1 

lenses 

2 

rafter 

1 

thought 

1 

breaking 

5 

eye  glasses 

2 

light  (35)  374 

ray 

(1) 

4 

transparent  (1) 

1 

broke 

1 

eyes 

(2) 

20 

likeness 

1 

rays 

10 

turning 

2 

broken 

1 

eye  sight 

3 

M. 

1 

reflect 

1 

ugly 

1 

chemistry 

1 

feldspar 

1 

mathematics 

1 

reflection  (11) 

68 

undisciplined 

1 

clinic 

1 

fraction 

9 

microscope 

(2) 

5 

reflex 

2 

vision 

1 

college 

1 

fractions 

1 

minerals 

(1) 

1 

refractometer 

4 

water  (1) 

13 

color 

CD 

2 

glare 

1 

mirror 

5 

refractory 

5 

waves 

1 

colors 

1 

glass 

(10) 

76 

muscular 

1 

refrigerator 

2 

windows 

2 

condensation 

1 

glasses 

10 

Myles  Standish 

1 

replacing 

1 

withdrawing 

1 

contraction 

3 

grating 

(1) 

2 

myopia 

(1) 

1 

repulsion 

(1) 

1 

word 

1 

contrary 

1 

high 

(1) 

1 

Newton 

1 

R. 

1 

zoology 

1 

crystal 

(1) 

2 

Huyghen 

1 

oar 

1 

science 

3 

crystals 

1 

ice 

(1) 

1 

obliquely 

1 

serum 

1 

18  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

5.  ARITHMETIC. 

Individuality  Frequency,  86. 


Failure  Frequency,  1. 


add 

2 

difficulty 

1 

history 

4 

one 

2 

standard 

1 

adding 

1 

dislike 

2 

interest 

3 

order 

1 

standard  tests 

1 

addition 

(3) 

34 

displeasure 

1 

Kant 

1 

pedagogue 

1 

student 

1 

agony 

1 

division 

2 

language 

1 

pencil 

3 

study 

(2) 

15 

algebra  (11) 

91 

dollars 

1 

lesson 

1 

percentage 

(1) 

4 

subtraction 

1 

A. 

1 

easy 

1 

logarithms 

1 

plus 

3 

sum 

(1) 

11 

Arabic 

1 

examination 

1 

M. 

1 

practice 

1 

sums 

(7) 

IT 

blackboard 

1 

example 

(1) 

5 

mathematics  (5)  80 

problem 

(1) 

11 

tables 

1 

book 

(2) 

45 

examples 

3 

man  (1) 

1 

problems 

10 

teach 

1 

books 

(1) 

2 

farm 

1 

matriculate 

1 

progression 

1 

teacher 

5 

B. 

1 

figure 

7 

medicine 

1 

proportion 

1 

teaching 

3 

brother 

1 

figures 

(3) 

60 

mensuration 

2 

quaternions 

(1) 

1 

ten 

1 

business 

1 

five 

1 

mental  (1) 

12 

rapidity 

1 

text 

1 

calculation 

(2) 

8 

fools 

1 

metric 

1 

R. 

(1) 

1 

thirty-four 

1 

calculations 

1 

formula 

1 

M. 

1 

reading 

2 

three 

1 

calculus 

(2) 

5 

forty-five 

(1) 

1 

M. 

3 

R. 

1 

three  r’s 

(1) 

2 

ciphering 

(1) 

1 

four  . 

4 

minus 

1 

rudimentary 

1 

torn 

1 

class 

2 

fraction 

6 

multiple 

1 

R. 

1 

trigonometry 

3 

commercial 

2 

fractions 

20 

multiplication 

29 

scholar 

1 

trouble 

(1) 

2 

complete 

1 

geography 

(6) 

44 

(6) 

school 

25 

twice 

1 

computation  (1) 

5 

geometry  (4) 

30 

multiply 

2 

school  days 

1 

two 

(2) 

14 

coordinate 

1 

German 

1 

multiplying  (1) 

3 

science 

5 

two  plus  two 

1 

counting 

1 

grade 

2 

music 

1 

seven 

1 

two  times 

two 

1 

counting  frames 

1 

grammar 

(1) 

9 

Newton  (1) 

1 

simple 

1 

unpleasantness 

1 

C. 

1 

green  (book) 

1 

N. 

1 

six 

(1) 

2 

W. 

2 

C. 

2 

G. 

(1) 

1 

notation 

3 

slate 

(1) 

1 

W. 

1 

decimal 

2 

H. 

1 

number  (12) 

85 

spell 

1 

w. 

1 

decimals 

1 

hard 

3 

numbers  (16)  131 

spelling 

(3) 

21 

word 

1 

declensions 

1 

hell 

1 

numerals 

1 

square  root 

1 

work 

4 

difficult 

1 

6.  BOTANY. 


Individuality  Frequency,  122. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


alchemy 

1 

corolla 

1 

geometry 

2 

L. 

1 

roots 

1 

algae 

1 

corona 

1 

George  Ade 

1 

lobate 

1 

rose 

7 

algebra 

(1) 

4 

C. 

1 

geranium 

1 

magnifier 

1 

roses 

1 

analysis 

1 

course 

1 

G. 

1 

manual 

1 

sassafras 

1 

analyzing 

1 

crucial 

1 

girls 

1 

materia  medica 

1 

school 

5 

anatomy 

1 

cryptogam. 

1 

good 

1 

M. 

1 

S. 

1 

astronomy 

1 

cryptogamic  (1) 

2 

grass 

1 

methodic 

1 

science 

(4) 

27 

bacteria 

1 

C. 

1 

G.  (1) 

6 

microscope 

2 

sensibility 

(1) 

1 

bay 

2 

daisies 

1 

Greek 

1 

microscopy 

1 

sister 

1 

biogen 

1 

daisy 

1 

green 

2 

M. 

1 

soil 

1 

biology 

(2) 

25 

dandelion 

2 

H. 

1 

mother  (1) 

2 

specimens 

1 

bird 

1 

department  (1) 

1 

hate 

1 

nature 

2 

stamen 

1 

blue 

1 

•diagram 

1 

hepatica 

1 

M. 

1 

S. 

1 

blue  book 

1 

difficult 

1 

herbarium 

3 

oak  (1) 

1 

structure 

1 

book 

8 

dissection 

1 

herbs  (1) 

1 

one 

1 

study 

(3) 

11 

books 

1 

drawings 

1 

histology 

1 

one  B 

1 

teacher 

3 

B. 

1 

dry 

1 

history 

1 

orchid 

1 

teaching 

(1) 

2 

bug 

1 

D. 

1 

H. 

1 

pansies 

1 

text  book 

1 

bugs 

(1) 

3 

earth 

1 

honeysuckle 

1 

paramoecium 

1 

T. 

1 

butter 

1 

examination  (1) 

2 

horticulture 

1 

petal 

3 

tree 

2 

buttercup 

1 

experiments 

1 

house 

1 

physics 

3 

trees 

5 

buttermilk 

1 

fellowship 

1 

Hunter 

1 

physiology 

4 

tulip 

2 

buttons 

1 

fern 

1 

H. 

1 

picture 

1 

T. 

(1) 

2 

cabbage 

1 

ferns 

2 

ignorance 

1 

P. 

1 

vermicelli 

1 

calisthenics 

1 

field 

1 

interesting 

1 

plant  (16) 

85 

violets 

1 

calyx 

(1) 

1 

fields 

1 

J. 

1 

plant  life 

1 

walks 

1 

chemistry 

(2) 

3 

floriculture 

1 

laboratory  (1) 

8 

plants  (20)144 

W. 

1 

chlorophyll 

2 

flower  (8)  121 

lamp 

1 

professor 

1 

willow  tree 

1 

class 

(1) 

1 

flowers  (8)  205 

Latin 

1 

psychology 

3 

wood 

2 

college 

2 

F. 

1 

leaf  (1) 

8 

pterodactyl 

1 

woods 

1 

C. 

2 

garden 

1 

leaves 

11 

R. 

1 

W. 

1 

C. 

1 

geography  (2) 

8 

lecture 

1 

R. 

1 

work 

1 

corn 

1 

geology  (3) 

23 

L. 

1 

R. 

1- 

zoology 

(16) 

108 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


19 


7.  ISOMERISM. 


Individuality  Frequency,  168. 
Failure  Frequency,  (3)  214. 


acid 

1 

equal 

(3) 

30 

isomergraph 

1 

nucleus 

1 

socialism 

1 

aldehydes 

1 

equality 

CD 

9 

isomeric 

2 

one 

1 

somatic 

1 

algebra 

3 

equal  parts 

1 

isometric  (1) 

35 

optic 

1 

something  equal 

1 

alike 

Cl) 

2 

equals 

1 

isoperimetric 

1 

optical 

1 

somnambulism 

9 

allomorph 

1 

esoteric 

2 

isopometric 

1 

organic 

(D 

7 

somnambulist 

5 

allotropy 

1 

evenness 

1 

isos  (1) 

4 

organic 

spar 

1 

angle  worm 

1 

examination 

(!) 

1 

isosceles  (1) 

33 

chemistry 

1 

speech 

1 

animal 

1 

experiment 

1 

isotherm 

15 

0. 

1 

starch 

(D 

1 

atoms 

(D 

1 

eye 

1 

isothermal 

7 

pane 

1 

stereo 

2 

barometer 

1 

eyes 

2 

isothermic 

3 

paraffin 

1 

stereochemistry 

3 

benzene 

CD 

2 

feldspar 

1 

isothermism 

1 

Pasteur 

1 

stoichiometry 

1 

biology 

(D 

1 

form 

1 

isotherms 

1 

pentane 

1 

structure 

1 

blankness 

1 

formaldehyde  (1)  1 

isotropic  (2) 

3 

philology 

1 

substances  ' 

(1) 

1 

carbon 

5 

formula 

1 

isotropism  (1) 

1 

physics 

(2) 

18 

sugar 

1 

cataclysm 

1 

geographic 

1 

isotropy  (J) 

1 

physiology 

1 

sugars 

2 

chain 

1 

geography 

12 

ketone 

1 

poetry 

1 

Sumirians 

1 

change 

1 

geology 

CD 

2 

lens 

1 

polarization 

1 

summarization 

1 

changing 

1 

geometry 

(3) 

25 

light  (1) 

16 

polymer 

(1) 

1 

summer 

2 

chart 

(D 

2 

glove 

1 

like  (1) 

5 

polymeric 

1 

sun 

1 

chemical 

(3) 

5 

graduate 

(D 

1 

likeness  (1) 

8 

polymer  ism  (2) 

10 

symmetrical 

1 

chemicals 

1 

Greek 

13 

line 

2 

polymorphism 

1 

symmetry 

1 

chemistry  (28)  109 

group 

(D 

1 

lines 

10 

precision 

1 

synchronism 

1 

circles 

3 

handsome 

1 

man 

1 

pressure 

1 

tangent 

1 

climate 

CD 

1 

hard 

1 

mannerism 

1 

prism 

(D 

5 

tartaric 

(2) 

4 

cobalt 

1 

haziness 

1 

map 

1 

problem 

1 

tautology 

1 

cold 

1 

heat 

(1) 

24 

mathematics 

9 

proportion 

1 

tautomerism 

1 

college 

1 

heat  lines 

1 

matter 

1 

protoplasm 

1 

technical 

(D 

2 

compounds 

CD 

2 

homogeneity  (1) 

1 

meaning 

1 

psychology 

1 

temperature 

6 

concentric 

1 

homogeneous 

1 

measure 

2 

quartz 

1 

term 

1 

constitution 

2 

H. 

1 

measurement  (1)  4 

question 

2 

tetrahedral 

1 

crystal 

(4) 

13 

hyperbola 

1 

meridians 

1 

racemic 

1 

tetrahedron 

1 

crystallization 

1 

hypnotism 

1 

mern 

1 

radiator 

1 

theory 

1 

(3) 

hysteria 

1 

mesmerism  (1) 

4 

refraction 

1 

three 

1 

crystallography 

5 

ice 

1 

metamerism 

3 

rhetoric 

2 

tissues 

1 

crystals 

(4) 

15 

Iceland 

1 

metamorphic 

1 

rubbish 

1 

triangle 

(1) 

14 

cube 

(D 

1 

icicle 

1 

metamorphism 

1 

same 

4 

triangles 

(1) 

1 

curve 

(D 

1 

icicles 

1 

metaphysics 

1 

same  form 

1 

trigonometry 

5 

definition 

1 

iconoclast 

1 

meter 

1 

sameness 

2 

two 

1 

degrees 

1 

ignorance 

3 

mica 

1 

science 

5 

understand 

1 

derivation 

1 

incomprehensible  1 

microscope 

1 

scientific 

1 

uniform 

1 

diagram 

2 

inequality 

1 

M.  (1) 

1 

seismograph 

1 

uniformity 

1 

dictionary 

(D 

11 

insomnia 

5 

model 

1 

separate 

1 

warmth 

1 

differential 

1 

investigation 

1 

models 

1 

similarities 

1 

waves 

1 

difficult 

1 

ism 

1 

moment 

1 

similarity 

(3) 

6 

weather 

3 

disease 

1 

isobars 

1 

movement 

1 

sleep 

14 

weather  chart 

1 

dream 

1 

isochronism 

1 

music 

1 

sleepiness 

2 

word 

3 

eantiotropy 

1 

isodynamic 

1 

mysticism 

1 

sleeplessness 

4 

zoology 

1 

earth 

1 

isolated 

1 

N. 

1 

sleepy 

1 

electricity 

1 

isomere 

CD 

4 

8.  PORTUGAL. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

,  95. 

Failure  Frequency,  1. 

adjacent 

1 

continent 

1 

fffayti 

1 

mountains 

(D 

1 

rocky 

1 

Africa 

1 

country 

(6) 

84 

heat 

1 

nation 

(1) 

3 

romantic 

1 

Alfonso 

5 

dago 

1 

Iberian 

1 

navigator 

(1) 

1 

Rome 

1 

alliance 

1 

darkness 

1 

India 

1 

niggers 

1 

Roumania 

1 

ally 

1 

Delagon  Bay  (1)  1 

insurrection 

1 

ocean 

1 

sea 

1 

armadillo 

1 

distance 

1 

island 

1 

Oporto 

3 

shape 

(D 

1 

army 

1 

earthquake 

(D 

1 

Italy 

3 

peninsula 

4 

ship 

1 

Atlantic 

1 

Emanuel 

5 

king  (2) 

29 

people 

1 

small 

3 

Belgium 

1 

England 

3 

King  Alfonso 

1 

person 

1 

South  America 

3 

Bermuda 

1 

English 

1 

King  Manuel  (1)  1 

Peru 

1 

Spain  (49)  478 

black 

1 

Europe 

CD 

27 

kings 

1 

pirates 

1 

Spaniard 

(1) 

1 

Braganza 

(D 

1 

European 

1 

knavery 

1 

politics 

1 

Spanish 

(2) 

9 

Brazil 

2 

explorer 

1 

land 

6 

porch 

1 

state 

(2) 

11 

brown 

1 

Farragut 

1 

language 

1 

port 

3 

S. 

1 

Cabral 

(!) 

1 

fishing 

1 

Lisbon  (12) 

74 

portage 

(D 

1 

strip 

1 

Camoens 

1 

foreigners 

1 

location 

3 

Port  Juan 

1 

T. 

1 

Canary  Islands 

1 

France 

(D 

6 

Lopez 

1 

Porto 

1 

troops 

1 

cap 

1 

G. 

3 

Madrid  (1) 

3 

Portuguese 

(2) 

11 

troubled 

1 

cape 

1 

geese 

1 

Maine 

1 

president 

1 

Turkey 

1 

capital 

2 

geography 

(D 

1 

man 

2 

prince 

1 

Uruguay 

1 

C. 

1 

Gibraltar 

1 

Manuel  (2)  29 

principality 

1 

Venice 

1 

child 

1 

government 

1 

map  (3) 

31 

prism 

1 

war 

(1) 

10 

city 

3 

grapes 

1 

maps 

1 

queen 

1 

water 

1 

coast 

2 

Greece 

3 

Martha’s 

Quito 

(1) 

1 

wine 

(D 

3 

Coimbra 

2 

Greenland 

1 

Vineyard 

1 

republic 

(1) 

13 

W. 

(1) 

1 

Columbus 

2 

Guiana 

1 

Mediterranean 

1 

revolution 

9 

yellow 

2 

Comosh 

1 

guinea 

1 

mill  race 

1 

river 

1 

20 


A.  J.  R0SAN0FF ,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


9.  AMOEBA. 

Individuality  Frequency,  150. 


Failure  Frequency,  (1)  36. 


albumen 

1 

crawling 

1 

H. 

1 

neuron 

1 

shapes 

1 

ameliorate 

1 

cryptogamic  (1) 

1 

heart 

1 

nitella 

1 

silkworm 

1 

amethyst 

1 

cytoplasm 

1 

histology 

1 

nucleus 

6 

simple 

4 

amoeboid 

2 

Darwin 

1 

histolytic 

1 

omega 

1 

slide 

(1) 

2 

anaemic 

2 

D. 

1 

histolytica 

1 

one  cell 

1 

slime 

1 

anatomy 

1 

diagram 

1 

hydra 

4 

organism  (1) 

7 

slimy 

1 

animal  (12)  108 

dictionary 

1 

inert 

1 

paramnesia 

1 

small 

(1) 

15 

animalcule 

(2) 

7 

differential 

1 

infinitesimal 

1 

paramoeeium 

32 

small  animal 

1 

animal  life 

1 

difficult 

1 

infusoria 

1 

(7) 

smallest 

1 

animals 

l 

difflugia 

1 

infusorian 

1 

parasite 

4 

smallness 

1 

ant 

2 

diphtheria 

1 

insect 

1 

pastoral 

1 

S. 

1 

atom 

3 

D. 

1 

irregular 

1 

patch 

1 

soft 

2 

bacilli 

1 

dysentery 

10 

jar 

1 

penicillium  (1) 

1 

somewhere 

1 

(bacillus 

(1) 

1 

ecology 

1 

jelly 

(4) 

20 

physiology 

4 

sound 

1 

bacteria 

(2) 

6 

education 

1 

jelly-fish 

(1) 

9 

picture  (1) 

4 

South  America 

1 

bacteriology 

3 

egg 

3 

jelly-like 

2 

plant  ( 1 ) 

7 

spot 

1 

bacterium 

1 

E. 

1 

J.  , 

(1) 

1 

plasmodium 

1 

squirming 

2 

B. 

1 

engulfment 

1 

knife 

1 

polyp 

1 

star 

1 

beginning 

3 

evolution 

5 

laboratory 

3 

primitive  (1) 

3 

statue 

1 

biology 

(4)  83 

fauna 

1 

lamp 

1 

primordial  (1) 

1 

S. 

2 

birth 

1 

field 

1 

lecture 

1 

proteus  (4) 

14 

syphilis 

1 

blood 

1 

first 

1 

life 

16 

protista 

1 

technical 

1 

body 

2 

fish 

6 

light 

(1) 

1 

protoplasm  (7) 

54 

teeth 

(1) 

1 

botany 

12 

flat 

1 

limax 

(1) 

1 

protozoa  (11) 

67 

tentacles 

1 

bug 

(2) 

15 

float 

1 

little 

3 

protozoon  (4) 

25 

tiny 

1 

bugs 

8 

flow 

1 

living  cell 

1 

protozoons 

1 

tomorrow 

1 

B. 

1 

flower 

1 

L. 

1 

pseudopod 

2 

T. 

1 

butterfly 

1 

flowers 

1 

lowest 

(1) 

2 

pseudopodia  (1) 

'  5 

unicellular 

(2) 

5 

C. 

(1) 

1 

foot 

1 

L. 

1 

pseudopodium 

1 

unseeable 

1 

cell 

(3) 

51 

form 

4 

man 

2 

pseudopods 

1 

vacuole 

2 

cells 

(1) 

3 

fossil 

1 

me 

1 

psychology 

5 

voting 

1 

cellular 

1 

fresh 

1 

microbe 

(1) 

2 

reactions 

1 

vulgaris 

1 

chart 

1 

friend 

(1) 

1 

microorganism 

2 

read 

1 

water 

(2) 

14 

chromatin 

1 

frog 

2 

microscope 

(3) 

37 

rhizopod  (1) 

1 

water  lily 

(1) 

1 

cilia 

4 

gelatinous 

2 

microscopic 

1 

rhombus 

1 

weakness 

1 

C. 

1 

Geneva 

1 

minute 

1 

round 

1 

wiggle 

1 

C. 

1 

geology 

1 

molecule 

2 

S. 

1 

wiggling 

1 

cocoon 

1 

geometry 

1 

monocellular 

1 

science 

3 

W. 

(1) 

1 

C. 

1 

germ 

(1) 

9 

motility 

1 

sea 

1 

woolly 

1 

contractility 

1 

G. 

1 

motion 

1 

secondary 

word 

1 

corpuscle 

1 

globule 

1 

movement 

(1) 

3 

education 

1 

worm 

2 

corpuscles 

1 

green 

1 

mud 

1 

shape 

1 

zoogloea 

1 

C. 

1 

Haeckel 

1 

mussel 

1 

shapeless 

1 

zoology 

(4) 

60 

crawl 

1 

haematococcus 

1 

natural  history 

1 

10.  DECLENSION. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

61. 

Failure  Frequency  (1) 

3. 

ablative 

1 

D. 

1 

F. 

1 

masculine 

1 

sum 

1 

addition 

2 

decipher 

1 

form 

4 

mensa 

(1) 

5 

sun 

1 

adjective  (1) 

1 

declination 

(1) 

3 

four 

1 

musa 

1 

syntax 

1 

adverb 

2 

decline 

9 

French 

3 

noun  (29)  , 

331 

tabulation 

(1) 

1 

afraid 

1 

declined 

1 

gender 

1 

nouns 

(4) 

40 

textbook 

1 

ambiguous 

1 

declining 

(1) 

2 

German  (1) 

12 

0 

1 

think 

1 

amo 

1 

definition 

2 

grammar  (19)  167 

paradigm 

3 

third 

1 

analysis 

1 

der 

2 

grammatical  (1) 

1 

paradigms 

1 

trouble 

1 

analyze 

1 

descent 

1 

Greek 

3 

paraphrase 

1 

tuba 

1 

Anglo-Saxon 

1 

description 

1 

hie 

1 

parsing 

(1) 

4 

turn 

1 

arrangement 

2 

detention 

1 

I 

1 

participle 

(1) 

4 

variation 

1 

ascension 

2 

diagnosis 

1 

inflection  (1) 

5 

preposition 

1 

verb 

(16) 

90 

blackboard 

1 

diagram 

1 

interrogation 

1 

pronoun 

(1) 

8 

verbs 

(1) 

6 

bugbear 

1 

difficulties 

(1) 

1 

language 

7 

school 

2 

vocative 

1 

Caesar 

1 

difficulty 

1 

languages 

1 

sentence 

2 

walk 

1 

case 

3 

ending 

(1) 

1 

Latin  (8) 

91 

slope 

1 

word 

12 

cases 

1 

endings 

1 

line 

1 

speech 

1 

words 

(1) 

5 

changing 

1 

English 

5 

list 

1 

spelling 

1 

work 

2 

conjugation  (8)  82 

falling 

1 

luo 

1 

stars 

1 

writing 

1 

conjugations 

1 

first 

3 

ii.  BURETTE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  121. 
Failure  Frequency  (2)  154. 


acid 

CD 

4 

burine 

1 

Fehling’s 

1 

matter 

1 

styles 

1 

acidity 

1 

burr 

(1) 

2 

figure 

1 

measure 

(2) 

6 

suffragette 

1 

adornment 

1 

burro 

1 

five  c.c. 

1 

measurement  (1)6 

sugar 

(1) 

1 

advertisements 

1 

cabaret 

1 

flower 

1 

measuring 

(1) 

5 

Surette 

1 

aigrette 

3 

cabinet 

1 

fluid 

(2) 

2 

medicine 

2 

surgeon 

2 

alkali 

1 

cadet 

1 

French 

18 

Millon 

1 

surgery 

3 

analysis 

(1) 

5 

call 

1 

furniture 

9 

name 

1 

table 

1 

apparatus 

(1> 

4 

cap 

1 

gas 

1 

number 

1 

tablet 

1 

apparel 

1 

carburet 

1 

Gay-Lussac 

1 

office 

2 

T. 

1 

autocracy 

1 

catheter 

(1) 

1 

geography 

1 

one 

1 

test 

8 

autocrat 

1 

chemical 

(1) 

6 

glass 

(8) 

51 

organic 

1 

testing 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

chemist 

1 

glass  tube 

1 

P. 

1 

test  tube 

(1) 

7 

B. 

1 

chemistry  (27)  170 

glassware 

(1) 

2 

phenolphthalem 

3 

thermometer 

1 

barcarolle 

1 

chiffonier 

1 

graduate 

2 

photography 

1 

thistle  tube 

1 

barette 

43 

china 

1 

graduation 

1 

physics 

9 

titrate 

(1) 

8 

barometer 

1 

clamp 

2 

graduations 

2 

pin 

(1) 

3 

titrating 

1 

bayonet 

1 

clamp  holder  (1)  1 

hair 

23 

pipe 

6 

titration 

(2) 

26 

beaker 

2 

color 

2 

hard 

1 

ipiptftte  (11) 

57 

tool 

1 

B. 

1 

comb 

2 

head 

1 

piping 

1 

town 

1 

beauty 

1 

copper 

1 

hole 

(1) 

1 

qualitative 

1 

tube 

(5) 

26 

Beirut 

1 

cow 

1 

hydrochloric  acid  2 

quantitative 

(1)  1 

unfortunate 

1 

bereft 

1 

crystals 

1 

ignorance 

2 

reaction 

1 

urine 

1 

B. 

1 

cubic 

India 

1 

reagent 

(1) 

1 

Utrecht 

1 

B. 

1 

centimeter  (3)  4 

indistinct 

1 

retort 

1 

valve 

1 

biretta 

1 

curate 

1 

information 

1 

Russia 

1 

verb 

1 

Biuret 

5 

curette 

(1) 

4 

instrument 

6 

Salt 

(1) 

1 

volume 

1 

blue 

1 

dictionary 

(1) 

2 

ivory 

1 

S. 

1 

volumetric 

(1) 

2 

bottle 

bouquet 

3 

1 

dish 

distillation 

1 

1 

jewelry 

kitchenette 

2 

1 

science 

siphon 

(1) 

4 

2 

W. 

wall 

1 

1 

B. 

1 

donkey 

1 

laboratory 

(4) 

37 

size 

1 

war 

1 

brunette 

3 

dress 

1 

Laurette 

1 

S. 

1 

water 

7 

brush 

1 

dresser 

1 

liquid 

(2) 

6 

solution  (2) 

6 

wearing 

1 

bureau 

(3) 

80 

drop 

1 

liquids 

(2) 

2 

stand 

Cl) 

3 

what 

1 

bureaucracy 

3 

dopper 

4 

little 

1 

standardization 

1 

woman 

1 

bureaucrat 

(1) 

2 

drops 

1 

machinery 

1 

sterile 

1 

word 

2 

bureaucratic 

1 

etymology 

1 

man 

1 

stop-cock  (1) 

1 

yellow 

1 

B. 

1 

exactness 

1 

12.  PHYSICS. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

147. 

Failure  Frequency,  2. 

abomination 

1 

conservation 

1 

H. 

1 

mechanical 

2 

scales 

2 

activity 

(1) 

1 

C. 

1 

high  school 

4 

mechanics 

(1) 

7 

school 

6 

algebra 

1 

course 

1 

H. 

2 

medicine 

3 

science 

(4) 

97 

Alwood's 

C. 

3 

history 

1 

metals 

1 

sciences 

1 

machine 

1 

crew 

1 

H. 

(1) 

1 

mine 

1 

scientific 

1 

A. 

1 

crucible 

1 

H. 

1 

mirror 

1 

S. 

1 

ammeter 

1 

darkness 

1 

H. 

1 

motion 

1 

shears 

1 

anatomy 

2 

demonstration 

1 

H. 

1 

motor 

1 

sinuous 

1 

anamoly 

1 

department 

(1) 

2 

index 

1 

movement 

1 

S.  . 

1 

apparatus  i 

(3) 

13 

difficult 

3 

instrument 

1 

myself 

1 

solid 

1 

Archimedes 

2 

dislike 

1 

instruments 

3 

natural 

1 

solids 

1 

astronomy 

(4) 

16 

dogs 

1 

interesting 

1 

nature 

2 

sound 

15 

A. 

1 

drudgery 

1 

iron 

1 

Newton 

6 

specific 

1 

balance 

1 

dynamics 

1 

J. 

1 

optics 

3 

spelling 

1 

balancing 

1 

earth 

1 

K. 

1 

P. 

1 

strength 

1 

ball 

1 

electricity 

(3) 

31 

kinetic 

1 

pendulum 

1 

study 

(1) 

23 

battery 

(1) 

1 

energy 

(1) 

4 

knowledge 

2 

P. 

1 

subject 

5 

beauty 

1 

engineering 

1 

K. 

2 

P. 

1 

syphon 

1 

B. 

everlasting 

1 

K. 

1 

phenomena 

3 

table 

2 

bodies 

1 

examples 

1 

laboratory 

(3) 

64 

philosophy 

2 

teacher 

3 

body 

(4) 

1 

experiment 

8 

L. 

1 

physic 

(2) 

4 

teaching 

(1) 

1 

book 

24 

experiments 

9 

Latin 

(1) 

1 

physical 

2 

telegraphy 

1 

B. 

1 

expositions 

1 

law 

8 

physician 

1 

Tesla 

1 

botany 

2 

failure 

1 

laws 

(2) 

9 

physicist 

1 

test 

2 

bottle 

1 

F. 

1 

lecture 

(1) 

2 

physics 

1 

test  tube 

2 

Boyle 

1 

figs 

1 

L. 

1 

physiography 

3 

test  tubes 

1 

Boyle  s  Law 

1 

figures 

1 

L. 

1 

physiology 

7 

text 

2 

brother 

1 

force 

(3) 

9 

lever 

(1) 

5 

P. 

1 

text  book 

1 

building  (1) 

4 

forces 

1 

levers 

1 

pressure 

1 

theory 

1 

Bunsen  burner 

1 

freshmen 

(1) 

1 

light 

line 

(6) 

33 

P. 

1 

T. 

1 

burette 

1 

fundamental 

1 

2 

problems 

2 

T. 

1 

C. 

3 

gas 

1 

low 

1 

profession 

(1) 

2 

training 

1 

castor  oil 

(1) 

1 

geography 

geology 

1 

machine 

1 

professor 

3 

U. 

1 

change 

I 

1 

machines 

1 

psychology 

1 

vacuum 

1 

chemist 

1 

geometry 

(1) 

2 

magnetism 

(1) 

2 

pulley 

1 

vapor 

1 

chemistry  (36)  273 

gravitation 

1 

M. 

1 

pulleys 

2 

V. 

1 

cinch 

1 

gravity 

2 

mass 

(1) 

2 

radioactivity 

1 

water 

4 

class 

4 

G. 

1 

material 

(2) 

4 

radium 

2 

weight 

4 

class  room 

2 

gumbo 

1 

mathematical  (1)  1 

red 

1 

weights 

3 

€. 

1 

G. 

1 

mathematics  (1)  16 

R. 

1 

Wellesley 

1 

cold 

1 

H. 

1 

matter 

(5) 

13 

refraction 

(1) 

4 

Wesleyan 

1 

C. 

1 

hard 

7 

measure 

1 

refractometer 

1 

W. 

1 

college 

(1) 

7 

hate 

1 

measurement 

2 

regents 

1 

W. 

1 

C. 

2 

heat 

(1) 

10 

measurements 

2 

room 

1 

wood 

1 

conditions 

1 

hemisphere 

1 

measuring 

1 

salts 

1 

work 

2 

22  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


13.  HYPERBOLE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  128. 


Failure  Frequency,  (1)  10. 


adjective 

1 

curved  line 

1 

fraud 

1 

lies 

2 

school  girl 

2 

aeroplane 

1 

curves 

(1) 

2 

Frenchman 

1 

line  (1) 

12 

sentence 

1 

algebra 

2 

daffodils 

1 

function 

2 

literature 

4 

S. 

(1) 

1 

amoeba 

1 

dash 

1 

geography 

1 

logic 

2 

shape 

(1) 

2 

analytics  (1) 

5 

diastole 

1 

geometric 

1 

lying 

2 

sideral 

1 

A. 

1 

dictionary 

1 

geometry  (10) 

55 

L. 

1 

simile 

16 

apostrophe 

1 

difference 

1 

girl 

1 

mathematical  (1)  1 

sky 

1 

arc 

1 

difficult 

(1) 

1 

girlish 

1 

mathematics  (5) 

47 

slang 

1 

arch 

(1) 

1 

digression 

1 

girls 

1 

metaphor  (2) 

19 

soaring 

1 

arithmetic 

1 

doubt 

1 

grade 

1 

unetonomy 

3 

speak 

1 

astronomy 

7 

E. 

1 

grammar  (3) 

28 

misconception 

1 

speech 

(2) 

13 

asymptote 

(1) 

3 

ellipse 

(2) 

8 

grammatical  (1) 

1 

mispronounci- 

statement 

2 

asymptotes 

1 

elliptic 

1 

graphs 

1 

ation 

1 

story 

(2) 

3 

Aurora  Borealis 

1 

English 

(1) 

17 

heavens  (1) 

1 

mountains 

1 

stretched 

1 

awful 

1 

enthusiasm 

1 

high 

2 

nouns 

1 

stretching 

2 

axis 

1 

equation 

1 

high  school 

1 

onomatopoeia 

2 

study 

1 

ball 

1 

exaggerate 

3 

high  sounding 

1 

oratory  (1) 

2 

superfluity 

1 

beauty 

1 

exaggerated 

1 

hyacinth 

1 

oval 

2 

superfluous 

1 

B. 

1 

exaggeration  211 

hydrophobia 

1 

page 

1 

superlative 

1 

blackboard 

2 

(19) 

hyperbola  (1) 

10 

parabola  (9) 

61 

swelled 

1 

bombast 

2 

excess 

2 

hyperboloid 

1 

parabolic 

1 

S. 

1 

book 

2 

excessive 

(1) 

1 

hypertrophy 

2 

parallax 

1 

synecdoche 

7 

bowl 

1 

excitement 

1 

hyphen 

2 

parallel 

1 

synonym 

6 

bridge 

1 

exclamation  (1) 

2 

hypostoma 

1 

parallelogram 

1 

syntax 

1 

calculus 

2 

expanded 

(1) 

1 

hypothesis  (1) 

1 

(1) 

T. 

1 

C. 

1 

expression 

3 

imagination 

1 

participle 

1 

too 

2 

C. 

1 

extravagance 

6 

impossible 

1 

part  of  speech 

1 

triangle 

(2) 

7 

chart 

1 

extravagant 

(1) 

5 

indirect  (1) 

1 

personification 

3 

trigonometry 

5 

Cicero 

1 

extreme 

(1) 

3 

interjection 

3 

petrography 

1 

trope 

(1) 

1 

circle 

11 

fables 

1 

isosceles 

1 

phrase 

1 

truth 

1 

class 

2 

false 

1 

joke 

3 

picture 

1 

untruth 

1 

coal 

1 

falsehood 

1 

J. 

1 

poetry 

3 

untruthfulness 

1 

comets 

1 

falsity 

1 

Kaiser 

1 

R. 

1 

unusual 

1 

comparison 

1 

figure 

(3) 

53 

K. 

1 

rectangular 

1 

water 

1 

composition 

3 

(1) 

L. 

1 

redundancy 

2 

W. 

1 

cone 

1 

figure  of  speech 

1 

language  (1) 

7 

refraction 

1 

women 

1 

conic 

(1) 

2 

figures 

1 

laugh 

1 

re  qua 

1 

wonderful 

1 

C. 

1 

F. 

1 

liar 

1 

rhetoric  (3) 

51 

word 

5 

curve 

(10) 

80 

form 

1 

ring 

1 

words 

2 

curved 

1 

F. 

1 

lie  (1) 

19 

school 

1 

14.  RETINA. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

60. 

Failure  Frequency 

,  2. 

addition 

1 

cone 

1 

fovea 

1 

nervous 

(1) 

2 

reticent 

1 

anatomy 

1 

cones 

3 

G. 

1 

Netzhaut 

1 

reticular 

1 

bluish  (1) 

1 

conjunctiva 

1 

glass 

1 

neuron 

(1) 

1 

reticule 

2 

body 

1 

convex 

1 

glasses 

3 

oculist 

(1) 

1 

retinue 

2 

camera 

2 

cornea 

4 

histology 

(1) 

1 

optic 

(1) 

9 

rod 

1 

cell  (1) 

1 

corona 

1 

hygiene 

1 

optical 

(1) 

1 

rods 

3 

cells 

2 

dark 

1 

image 

2 

optic  nerve 

1 

sclerotic 

1 

Charlemagne 

1 

defective 

1 

iris 

(1) 

13 

optics 

(1) 

9 

shape 

1 

choroid 

4 

delicate 

1 

king 

1 

periphery 

1 

sight 

(1) 

8 

cigar 

1 

diagram 

(1)  2 

lens 

6 

photographic 

1 

spectacle 

1 

cinder 

1 

E. 

1 

light 

(2) 

9 

physiology 

(1) 

6 

synapse 

1 

circle 

1 

eye  (80)  817 

lining 

1 

picture 

1 

text-book 

1 

class 

1 

eye  ball 

4 

near-sight 

1 

pigment 

(1) 

1 

type 

1 

coat 

1 

eye  glass 

1 

nerve 

2 

psychology 

4 

unpleasant 

1 

color 

1 

eyes 

6 

nerve  cell 

1 

pupil 

4 

vision 

(1) 

6 

colors 

1 

eye  sight 

(1)  1 

nerve  endings 

1 

ray 

(1) 

1 

visual 

2 

color  theory 

1 

eye  strain 

1 

(1) 

rays 

1 

wonder 

1 

concave 

1  fatigue 

2 

nerves 

1 

retain 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


23 


15.  COAGULATION. 

Individuality  Frequency,  104. 
Failure  Frequency,  4. 


accident 

2 

colloids  (1) 

2 

fixation 

1 

moisture 

1 

solidification 

4 

accumulation 

1 

complex 

1 

fluid 

3 

molasses 

2 

solidified 

1 

agglutination 

1 

condensation  (1)  2 

freezing 

5 

molecules 

1 

solidifying 

2 

albumen  (6) 

33 

condensing 

1 

gathering 

2 

movement 

1 

solidity 

1 

alcohol 

2 

conductor 

1 

gel 

1 

murder 

1 

solids 

1 

alum  (1) 

4 

congeal  (2) 

4 

gelatin 

3 

necrosis 

1 

solution 

2 

aluminium 

1 

congealing 

1 

gelatinous 

1 

omelet 

(1) 

1 

souring 

1 

aluminium 

congestion 

2 

geology 

1 

oscillation 

1 

sour  milk 

1 

hydroxide 

1 

conglomeration 

3 

glue 

3 

osmose 

1 

stick 

2 

amoeba 

1 

congregation 

1 

glutenization 

1 

particles 

1 

stickiness 

1 

analysis 

1 

conjugation 

1 

gluttonous 

1 

pathology 

1 

sticking 

3 

biology 

1 

constellation 

1 

gumminess 

1 

physics 

2 

sticky  (1) 

3 

blood  (48)  ‘ 

489 

cooperation 

3 

haemoglobin 

1 

physiology 

3 

stiffened 

1 

blood  clot 

1 

cream 

1 

haemophilia 

1 

plasma 

1 

stiffening 

2 

boy 

1 

crystallization 

1 

hard 

3 

precipitate 

(2) 

9 

stuff 

1 

bunching 

2 

curd 

1 

harden 

1 

precipitation 

11 

teacher 

1 

butter 

1 

curdle 

1 

hardening 

7 

(3) 

test 

1 

buttermilk 

1 

curdling 

3 

heat  (1) 

4 

products 

1 

thick 

5 

calcification 

1 

curds 

1 

ice 

4 

proteid 

(1) 

7 

thicken 

2 

casein  (1) 

1 

cut 

1 

jar  (1) 

1 

protein 

(2) 

14 

thickening  (3) 

23 

chemistry  (1) 

13 

death 

1 

jelly  .  (3) 

14 

proteins 

2 

thickness 

1 

closing 

1 

deliquescence 

1 

karyokinesis 

1 

protoplasm 

1 

thrombin 

1 

clot  (2) 

14 

dictionary 

1 

latex 

1 

psychology 

1 

time 

3 

clotting 

15 

diffusion 

1 

lymph 

1 

regulation 

1 

together 

3 

clumping 

1 

dissolving 

1 

man 

1 

rigor  caloris 

1 

union  (1) 

2 

coadjustment 

1 

egg  (11) 

68 

mass 

2 

safety 

1 

verb 

1 

coagitate 

1 

eggs  (1) 

9 

massing 

1 

science 

1 

water 

2 

coalition 

1 

egg-white 

1 

medicine 

1 

sedimentation 

1 

white 

1 

coeducation 

1 

emulsion 

1 

melting 

1 

serum 

2 

white  mass 

1 

cold 

1 

experiment 

1 

merging 

1 

settling 

1 

whitish 

1 

collect. 

1 

fibrin 

3 

mess 

1 

silica 

1 

wound 

2 

collection 

1 

filtrate 

1 

milk  (6) 

43 

,S. 

1 

wounds 

2 

colloid 

7 

filtration 

1 

milky 

1 

solid 

4 

colloidal 

1 

16.  CERVANTES. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

99. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(1) 

65. 

Africa 

1 

Don  Quixote 

king 

1 

persons 

1 

scientists 

1 

A. 

1 

(42) 

310 

Latin 

4 

Philippines 

1 

seer 

1 

art 

1 

drama 

2 

literary 

1 

philosopher 

6 

S. 

1 

author 

17 

Dumas 

1 

literature 

(2) 

11 

philosophy 

4 

servant 

2 

B. 

1 

Dutch 

1 

Lope  da  Vega 

1 

photograph 

1 

servants 

1 

battle 

2 

east 

1 

Machiavelli 

1 

picture 

1 

ship 

1 

biology 

1 

eccentricity 

1 

man 

23 

place 

1 

Socrates 

1 

bone 

1 

education 

2 

mediaeval 

1 

plant 

1 

soldier 

1 

book 

(5) 

19 

English 

3 

Mexico 

3 

plants 

1 

Spain  (25) 

162 

books 

1 

exaggeration 

1 

Michael 

1 

poet 

(1) 

7 

Spaniard 

(1) 

14 

brain 

1 

exploration  (1)  1 

Miguel 

1 

poetry 

1 

Spanish 

(7) 

85 

Calderon 

1 

explorer 

2 

military 

1 

pottery 

1 

Spanish 

castle 

1 

famous 

1 

Milton 

1 

print 

1 

literature 

1 

cavalier 

1 

fiction 

2 

mind 

1 

prison 

1 

speech 

1 

certain 

1 

following 

1 

M. 

1 

Quixote 

(1) 

5 

spine 

1 

cervical 

(1) 

1 

F  ranee 

1 

monastery 

1 

Quo  Vadis 

1 

story 

4 

cervix 

1 

French 

8 

mystery 

1 

reading 

1 

survey 

5 

character 

1 

Frenchman 

1 

mythology 

(1) 

2 

romance 

1 

surveying 

2 

chivalry 

1 

G. 

1 

name 

(1) 

11 

romantic 

1 

surveyor 

2 

Cid 

4 

general 

3 

Napoleon 

1 

Roosevelt 

1 

town 

1 

city 

3 

great 

1 

neck 

2 

Rozinante 

1 

transit 

1 

classical 

1 

Greece 

1 

noted 

1 

Sancho  Panza 

3 

Victor  Hugo 

1 

comedy 

1 

Greek 

2 

novel 

(1) 

8 

(1) 

warrior 

1 

Cortez 

1 

heroes 

1 

novelist 

1 

satirist 

1 

water 

1 

cuneiform 

1 

Hindu 

1 

oration 

1 

Savannah 

(1) 

3 

wind  mill 

(2) 

4 

Dante 

(1) 

3 

historical 

2 

pageant 

1 

savant 

1 

wind  mills 

(2) 

7 

discoverer 

1 

history  (1)  39 

painter 

1 

Savonarolla 

(1) 

1 

wise 

2 

Disraeli 

1 

Huerta 

1 

painting 

1 

scholar 

1 

word 

4 

Don  Quar 

humor 

2 

Panza 

1 

science 

2 

writer 

(1) 

12 

Don 

1 

idealism 

1 

person 

2 

scientist 

2 

writing 

1 

Italian 

9 

24 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


1 7.  FRANCHISE. 


Individuality  Frequency,  102. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


act 

(1) 

1 

corporations 

1 

French 

2 

negroes 

(1) 

1 

street  cars 

3 

agreement 

1 

country 

3 

friendship 

(1) 

1 

New  York 

1 

street  railways 

1 

American 

2 

court 

1 

government  (2) 

26 

niggers 

1 

strike 

1 

anti-suffrage 

1 

crook 

1 

graft 

(2) 

9 

Pankhurst 

2 

subway 

1 

attraction 

1 

daughter 

1 

grant 

(1) 

4 

paper 

1 

suffrage 

(5) 

79 

automobile 

1 

debt 

1 

granting 

2 

papers 

1 

suffragette 

(1) 

6 

ballots 

1 

democracy 

1 

history 

7 

people 

1 

suffragettes 

(1) 

2 

ballot 

(1) 

5 

department 

1 

honor 

1 

permission 

3 

suffragism 

(1) 

2 

baseball 

1 

dictation 

1 

house 

1 

permit 

4 

suffragist 

1 

bicycle 

1 

disenfranchise 

1 

independence 

1 

petition 

1 

tariff 

1 

bill 

1 

disfranchise 

1 

interborough 

2 

policy . 

1 

tax 

(2) 

8 

Boulder 

2 

document 

2 

Italian 

3 

politician 

(1) 

2 

taxes 

1 

business 

4 

D.  U.  R. 

1 

Kansas  City 

1 

politics 

(3) 

17 

town 

(2) 

5 

car 

4 

economics 

2 

land 

1 

Portland 

1 

traction 

1 

car  fare 

1 

election 

6 

law 

(2) 

29 

privilege 

(1) 

10 

trade 

1 

cars 

2 

electoral  (1) 

1 

lawyer 

1 

public 

5 

tramway 

1 

charter 

8 

electric 

1 

league 

(1) 

3 

railroad 

(4) 

46 

transportation 

1 

Chicago 

1 

embargo 

1 

lease 

1 

railroads 

(1) 

9 

treaty 

1 

choice 

1 

endorsement 

1 

legal 

5 

railway 

(3) 

36 

trolley 

(1) 

5 

cities 

1 

enfranchise 

1 

legality 

1 

railways 

2 

universal 

1 

citizen 

2 

England 

1 

liberation 

1 

regret 

1 

unlimited 

(1) 

1 

citizenship 

3 

entanglement  (1)  1 

liberty 

4 

regulations 

1 

utilities 

1 

city 

06) 

77 

equal 

6 

license 

1 

right 

(1) 

8' 

utility 

1 

city  government 

1 

equality 

1 

light 

1 

rights 

3 

Venezuela 

1 

.CIVICS 

3 

Europe 

1 

liquor 

1 

road 

1 

ville  franche 

1 

civil 

1 

favor 

2 

loss 

1 

school 

1 

vote  (23) 

151 

code 

1 

firm 

1 

M. 

1 

selfish 

1 

voter 

(1) 

3 

commerce 

1 

forfeit 

1 

make 

1 

slave 

1 

votes 

(2) 

23 

commission 

1 

Francais 

1 

man 

1 

slavery 

2 

voting 

(4) 

20 

company 

3 

France 

3 

merchandise 

1 

slaves 

3 

war 

1 

compromise 

1 

Francis  Joseph 

1 

money 

4 

state 

3 

water 

1 

consent 

1 

frantic  (1) 

1 

municipal 

(5) 

17 

statement 

2 

woman 

(1) 

31 

constitution 

1 

fraud 

2 

municipality 

5 

steal 

1 

woman’s 

contract 

5 

free 

4 

M. 

1 

street 

(1) 

1 

suffrage  (2) 

3 

corporation 

(3) 

16 

freedom  (1) 

17 

negro 

(1) 

11 

street  car 

20 

women 

(7) 

64 

18. 

SUBSTRACTION. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

55. 

Failure  Frequency, 

0. 

abacus 

1 

contraction 

1 

fraction 

2 

minus  sign 

(1) 

5 

separation 

3 

accounts 

1 

C. 

(1) 

1 

fractions 

1 

money 

(1) 

3 

sign 

2 

add 

6 

credits 

1 

fundamentals 

1 

motion 

1 

stocks 

1 

addition  (41) 

395 

dash 

(1) 

2 

glass 

1 

multiplication 

60 

subdivision 

1 

additions 

1 

deduct 

1 

grade 

1 

multiply 

1 

subnormal 

1 

algebra 

1 

deduction 

(1) 

3 

inverse 

number 

(1) 

7 

subtrahend 

(1) 

2 

Alice  in 

detraction 

1 

operation  (1) 

1 

numbers 

(4) 

38 

sum 

(1) 

11 

Wonderland 

1 

D. 

1 

kindergarten 

1 

numerator 

1 

table 

1 

analysis 

1 

difference 

(2) 

8 

Latin 

1 

operation 

3 

take 

4 

arithmetic  (19)  253 

differences 

1 

less  (1) 

6 

paper 

2 

taking  away 

(1) 

4 

attraction 

1 

diminution 

1 

line 

2 

plus 

1 

teaching 

1 

Austrian 

2 

distraction 

2 

logarithm 

1 

poverty 

1 

tests 

1 

away 

2 

division 

(3) 

10 

loss  (1) 

4 

problem 

(1) 

4 

twenty-five 

1 

baby 

1 

dollars 

1 

machine 

1 

problems 

1 

two 

3 

blackboard 

1 

elimination 

1 

mathematical  (1)  1 

process 

(1) 

5 

under 

(1) 

1 

book 

1 

example 

2 

mathematics  (2)  24 

reduce 

1 

withdrawal 

1 

Burroughs 

1 

father 

1 

method 

1 

remainder 

1 

word 

1 

calculation 

4 

figures 

(3) 

21 

minuend  (2) 

6 

removal 

(1) 

1 

work 

2 

children 

1 

four 

1 

minus  (2) 

29 

school 

4  wrong 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


2  5 


19.  METABOLISM. 


Individuality  Frequency,  169. 
Failure  Frequency,  (2)  57. 


absorption 

2 

chemical 

1 

form 

1 

M. 

1 

psychology 

11 

activity 

2 

chemistry  (8) 

44 

function 

3 

microscope 

1 

purin 

1 

after 

1 

chewing 

1 

galvanize 

1 

mind 

1 

puzzle 

1 

albumen 

1 

C. 

1 

gather 

1 

mines 

1 

rabbit 

1 

algebra 

1 

coagulation 

2 

G. 

1 

mirror 

1 

rhetoric 

1 

alteration 

1 

color-blind 

1 

G. 

1 

mixture 

1 

R. 

1 

amoeba 

2 

combination 

1 

gout 

1 

monograph 

1 

R. 

1 

anabolic 

1 

concentration 

1 

grammar  (1) 

3 

more 

1 

R. 

1 

anabolism 

(6) 

39 

construction 

1 

Greek 

6 

motion 

1 

school 

1 

anaemia 

1 

constructive 

1 

growth  (2) 

19 

mouse 

1 

science 

11 

anatomy 

1 

converting 

1 

Hamurabi 

1 

movement 

1 

scientific 

1 

animal 

(1) 

6 

curve 

1 

hard 

1 

moving 

1 

sesquipedalian 

1 

animals 

3 

cycle 

1 

health 

2 

multiplication 

1 

sickness 

1 

ascending 

1 

cylinder 

1 

heat 

1 

mutabile 

1 

skin 

1 

assemblage 

1 

death 

4 

Heavens 

1 

nearness 

1 

sociology 

2 

assimilate 

1 

decomposition  (1)1 

H. 

1 

nerves 

1 

species 

1 

assimilation 

10 

destruction 

3 

highbrow 

1 

nitrogen 

1 

Stoffiwechesel (1)  1 

atavism 

1 

destruction  of 

hygiene 

1 

nourishing 

1 

stomach 

1 

Atwater 

1 

tissue 

1 

hyperbola 

1 

nourishment 

4 

stone 

1 

B. 

1 

development  (1)  1 

hyperbole 

2 

nutriment 

2 

storage 

1 

bimetallism 

1 

diabetes 

1 

indigestion 

1 

nutrition 

(1) 

15 

study 

2 

bio-chemistry 

1 

diathermancy 

1 

infants 

1 

nutritious 

1 

synthesis 

1 

biology 

(7) 

40 

diet 

1 

inhibition  (1) 

1 

operation 

1 

synthetic 

1 

blood 

19 

dietetics 

2 

iron 

1 

organic 

1 

system 

1 

blue-yellow 

1 

difficult 

1 

karyokinesis 

2 

organism 

4 

table 

1 

body 

(3) 

19 

digestion  (8) 

41 

katabolic 

1 

osmosis 

3 

tables 

1 

book 

1 

digestive 

1 

katabolism  (2) 

77 

oxidation 

1 

tabulation 

1 

botany 

(1) 

9 

dinner 

1 

kinetic 

1 

Ph.  D. 

1 

tearing 

1 

boy 

(1) 

1 

disease 

1 

life  (2) 

11 

philosophy 

2 

telephone 

1 

brain 

1 

divisions 

1 

light 

1 

phosphorous 

1 

thought 

1 

build 

2 

doctor 

1 

man  (1) 

2 

photosynthesis 

1 

tissue 

(1) 

3 

building 

8 

eat 

1 

meals 

1 

physical 

2 

transfer 

1 

building  up 

3 

eating 

2 

medical 

1 

physician 

1 

transference 

1 

burning 

(1) 

2 

eccentric 

1 

medicine 

12 

physics 

6 

transformation 

1 

cages 

1 

education 

1 

M. 

1 

physiological 

1 

transposition 

1 

cannibal 

1 

electricity 

1 

metabolic 

1 

physiology 

(9) 

70 

tuberculosis 

1 

carbohydrates 

1 

elision 

1 

metal  (1) 

17 

plant 

4 

union 

1 

carbonic  acid  (1)1 

embolism 

1 

metallic 

1 

plants 

1 

•unknown 

1 

catalysis 

(1) 

1 

energy 

1 

metallurgy 

4 

poison 

1 

upset 

1 

Catholicism 

1 

enigma 

1 

metals 

1 

problem 

(1) 

1 

urea 

(1) 

1 

cell 

(2) 

13 

esoteric 

1 

metamorphosis 

1 

process 

(1) 

6 

vital 

1 

cell  division 

1 

excretion 

1 

metaphor 

1 

processes 

1 

V. 

1 

cells 

(2) 

3 

experiment 

1 

metaphysics 

1 

progress 

2 

waste 

(2) 

2 

change  (12)  : 

110 

eye 

1 

metastoma 

1 

proteid 

2 

words 

1 

changeableness 

1 

fermentation 

1 

metathesis 

1 

protein 

(1) 

6 

workings 

1 

changes 

2 

F. 

1 

meteorology 

1 

protoplasm 

(2) 

3 

zoology 

(2) 

10 

changing 

(1) 

3 

food  (9) 

47 

method 

1 

20. 

PREDICATE. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

58. 

Failure  Frequency,  1 

abdicate 

1 

conjugation 

1 

language 

9 

participle 

3 

Spanish 

1 

action 

4 

coplative 

1 

Latin 

2 

part  of  speech 

2 

speech 

3 

adjective 

(2) 

28 

copula 

1 

lie 

1 

past 

1 

statement 

3 

adverb 

8 

declare  # 

1 

logic 

6 

pedagogue 

1 

subject  (28)  271 

affirm 

2 

declension 

1 

man 

1 

petticoat 

1 

subjunctive 

(1) 

2 

analysis 

2 

description 

1 

Massachusetts 

1 

philosophy 

1 

substance 

1 

are 

1 

diagram 

5 

meaning  (1) 

1 

postulate 

(1) 

1 

substantive 

2 

arithmetic 

1 

dignity 

1 

modifier 

1 

predatory 

1 

suggestion 

(1) 

1 

assert 

(1) 

2 

end 

3 

motion  (1) 

1 

predicament 

1 

suppose 

1 

assertion 

1 

English 

5 

multiplication 

1 

predict 

(1) 

3 

syndicate 

2 

assertive 

1 

French 

1 

nomination 

1 

preface 

1 

syntax 

(1) 

2 

association 

1 

German 

2 

nominative  (1) 

4 

pronoun 

(1) 

3 

think 

2 

assumption 

1 

grammar  (15) 

121 

noun  (6) 

85 

prove 

(1) 

1 

thinking 

1 

attribute 

(1) 

3 

half 

1 

numerator 

1 

rhetoric 

2 

verb  (25)  253 

be 

1 

hopeful 

1 

object  (2) 

18 

running 

1 

verbs 

4 

before 

1 

hypothecate 

1 

objective 

2 

R. 

(1) 

1 

was 

(1) 

2 

book 

1 

ill 

1 

orthodox 

1 

say 

1 

word 

2 

characteristic  (1)  1 

impersonal 

1 

parsing 

1 

see 

(1) 

1 

writing 

(1) 

1 

clause 

1 

is 

3 

part 

1 

sentence 

(5) 

67 

conclusion  1 


26  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


21.  MOLLUSC 

Individuality  Frequency,  96. 


Failure  Frequency,  11. 


age 

1 

coil 

1 

geology  (1) 

15 

mo-lUiscoidea  (1)  1 

sea  shore 

2 

amoeba  (2) 

8 

comparative 

giant 

1 

moose 

1 

shell 

(ID 

136 

amphibious 

1 

anatomy 

1 

group  (1) 

1 

mouse 

1 

shell-fish 

(8) 

37 

anatomy  (1) 

1 

coral 

1 

hard 

1 

museum 

2 

shells 

(1) 

13 

anemone 

1 

crab 

(1) 

10 

hard  shell 

1 

mussel  (2) 

12 

shore 

1 

animal  (8) 

111 

crawfish 

1 

heathen 

1 

mytilus  edulis 

1 

size 

1 

animals 

5 

creature 

1 

history 

1 

natural  history 

’  2 

skeleton 

1 

antedeluvian 

1 

Crustacea 

3 

hydrozoa 

1 

north 

1 

small 

1 

architecture 

1 

crustacean 

(3) 

15 

invertebrate  (2) 

5 

obelisk 

1 

smell 

1 

arthropod 

3 

crusty 

1 

invertebrates 

1 

ocean 

4 

snail 

(6) 

16 

atom 

2 

ctenophore 

(1) 

1 

islands 

1 

octopus 

1 

soft 

(1) 

7 

biology  (2) 

23 

cystoid 

1 

ivory 

1 

odontophore 

1 

sponge 

2 

bird  (1) 

1 

D. 

1 

jelly  fish 

1 

0. 

1 

star-fish 

1 

bivalve  (1) 

14 

Devonian 

1 

laboratory 

1 

ox 

1 

story 

1 

bone 

2 

drama 

1 

Latin 

1 

oyster  (13) 

117 

S. 

1 

botany 

3 

earthworm 

1 

lazy 

1 

oysters  (1) 

5 

sucker 

1 

brachipod 

2 

echinoderm 

(1) 

4 

life 

2 

paleontology 

1 

teeth 

1 

bug 

1 

Egypt 

2 

lobster 

3 

phylum 

2 

Tennyson 

1 

building __ 

2 

Egyptian 

2 

low 

1 

planorbis 

1 

teredo 

1 

California 

1 

elephant 

5 

lower  forms 

1 

play 

8 

tusk 

2 

Catholic 

1 

elephants 

1 

mammal 

1 

polyp 

1 

type 

1 

cell 

2 

evolution 

1 

mastodon 

2 

pulp 

1 

Venus 

1 

cephalopod  (2) 

2 

exostceleton 

1 

microorganism 

1 

reef 

1 

Venus 

chemistry 

1 

feed 

1 

molasses 

1 

repulsive 

1 

mercenaria 

1 

clam  (16) 

125 

fish 

(3) 

62 

mole 

1 

river 

1 

vertebrae 

1 

clams  (1) 

4 

fly 

1 

molecule 

3 

Russia 

1 

vertebrate 

2 

class 

1 

form 

1 

molest 

1 

science 

3 

water 

5 

classification 

1 

fossae 

1 

M. 

1 

sea  (2) 

16 

whale 

2 

coagulation 

1 

fossils 

1 

mollusca 

1 

sea  coast 

1 

worm 

(1) 

3 

coast 

1 

gastropod 

1 

molluscan 

1 

sea  shell 

1 

zoology 

(6) 

154 

22.  INQUISITION. 

Individuality  Frequency,  105. 
Failure  Frequency,  5. 


acquire 

1 

English 

1 

indulgence 

1 

murder 

4 

search 

1 

acquiring 

1 

equisition 

1 

inquire 

1 

oppression 

(1) 

1 

searching 

1 

acquisition 

2 

Europe 

1 

inquiry  (1) 

8 

pain 

4 

sentence 

1 

Alva 

1 

events 

1 

inquisitive 

4 

papacy 

1 

sixteen-twenty 

1 

anarchism 

1 

examination 

1 

inquisitiveness 

1 

paper 

1 

(1) 

ask 

3 

exposition 

1 

interrogation 

1 

people 

1 

Spain  (32)  316 

battle 

2 

exquisition 

1 

intolerance 

1 

persecution  (1) 

13 

Spaniard 

7 

bigotry 

(1) 

3 

faith 

1 

introspection 

1 

Philip 

(1) 

3 

Spaniards  (1) 

2 

burning 

1 

force 

1 

invasion 

1 

picture 

1 

Spanish  (21)  222 

Calvin 

1 

France 

15 

investigation 

3 

pictures 

1 

Spanish  art 

1 

Catholic 

(3) 

32 

French  (1) 

3 

Isabella 

1 

Poe 

1 

spikes  (1) 

1 

Catholic 

French 

Japan 

1 

Pope 

2 

spurious  (1) 

1 

Church 

(4) 

4 

Revolution 

2 

Jesuit  (3) 

6 

priest 

4 

stake 

1 

Catholicism 

4 

funeral 

1 

Jesuits 

4 

priests 

1 

strife 

1 

Catholics 

3 

Galileo  (1) 

1 

Jews  (1) 

4 

Protestantism 

1 

suffering 

3 

cell 

1 

girl 

1 

judgment 

1 

punishment 

3 

suggestion 

1 

century 

(1) 

1 

government 

1 

jury 

2 

question 

(1) 

11 

territory 

1 

Cervantes 

1 

governments 

1 

kill 

2 

questioning  (1) 

7 

terror 

1 

Christian 

1 

grass  (1) 

1 

law 

3 

questions 

(1) 

3 

test 

1 

church 

(1) 

11 

guillotine 

4 

lawyer 

1 

rack 

1 

thumbscrew 

2 

Coligni 

1 

hanging 

1 

L. 

2 

rain 

1 

Torqurmada  (1) 

7 

committee 

1 

H. 

1 

Louis  XIV. 

1 

Reformation 

4 

torture  (7) 

45 

court 

5 

heresy 

1 

low 

1 

religion 

(1) 

11 

trial 

5 

cruel 

1 

heretic  (1) 

1 

Loyola  (1) 

3 

Renaissance 

1 

tyranny 

1 

cruelty 

5 

history  (5) 

34 

masonry 

1 

require 

1 

unfair 

1 

curiosity 

2 

Holland 

1 

martyrs 

1 

requisition 

6 

uprising 

2 

dark  ages 

(1) 

1 

holy ' 

1 

M. 

1 

research 

1 

vengeance 

1 

death 

1 

horrible 

2 

mediaeval 

2 

revolution 

2 

Venice 

1 

demand 

1 

horror 

4 

mediaevalism 

2 

Roman 

(1) 

1 

war 

2 

devilment 

l 

horrors 

1 

Mexico 

2 

Romanism 

1 

Washington 

disposition 

1 

Hugenots 

1 

middle  ages 

3 

Romanists 

1 

Irving 

1 

doctor 

1 

ideal 

1 

mind 

1 

Romans 

1 

Westward  Ho 

2 

Dominicans 

(1) 

1 

imposition 

1 

monk 

3 

Rome 

3 

witches 

1 

early 

1 

Indian 

1 

monks 

1 

scaffold 

1 

wrong 

2 

education 

1 

indifference 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


27 


23.  AMPHIBIOUS. 

Individuality  Frequency,  109. 


Failure  Frequency,  7. 


alligator 

(2) 

14 

crawling 

1 

geology 

8 

monster 

2 

small  animal 

1 

ambidextrous 

10 

creature 

1 

grass 

1 

mortal 

1 

snake 

1 

ambiguous 

2 

crocodile 

(2) 

10 

Greek 

1 

mud-puppy 

1 

species 

1 

amorphous 

2 

Darwin 

1 

hands 

3 

myself 

1 

story 

(1) 

1 

ampher 

1 

definition 

1 

herb 

1 

nautical 

1 

submarine 

(1) 

1 

amphibia 

(2) 

2 

dextrous 

2 

herbivorous 

1 

natural  habits  (1)  1 

swamps 

1 

amphipod 

1 

dimorphic 

1 

hippopotamus  (1)  9 

Necturus 

1 

swim 

1 

amphitheater 

2 

dioecious 

1 

historical 

1 

ocean 

3 

swimmer 

(1) 

2 

amplitude 

1 

dog 

1 

horse 

1 

physiology 

2 

swimming 

5 

ancient 

1 

dossil 

1 

ibid 

1 

plants 

1 

swims 

1 

animal 

(3) 

87 

double 

9 

Ibsen 

1 

pollywog 

(1) 

2 

tadpole 

1 

animals 

(1) 

10 

double  life 

1 

Irishman 

1 

psychology 

1 

technical 

1 

anthropology 

1 

doubtful 

4 

invertebrate 

1 

quadruped 

1 

teetotaler 

1 

aquatic 

(1) 

1 

duck 

(2) 

6 

K. 

1 

race 

1 

toad 

4 

axolotl 

1 

duckbill 

1 

K. 

1 

recapitulation  (1)1 

toads 

O) 

2 

bath 

(1) 

1 

earth 

1 

land 

(1) 

11 

reptile 

(1) 

19 

T. 

1 

batrachia 

1 

eat 

1 

land  and  water 

4 

reptiles 

1) 

5 

T. 

1 

batrachian 

(2) 

4 

eating 

1 

(1) 

reptilia 

(1) 

1 

truthful 

1 

bear 

1 

elephant 

1 

leaf 

1 

rhinoceros 

(1) 

2 

turtle 

7 

beast 

1 

encyclopaedia 

1 

left 

1 

rocks 

1 

turtles 

1 

beaver 

3 

English 

1 

legs 

2 

salamander 

(2) 

12 

two 

5 

biology 

(2) 

17 

faults 

1 

lie 

1 

S. 

1 

understand 

1 

bird 

(1) 

3 

feet 

2 

life 

2 

scaled 

1 

vertebrate 

3 

birds 

1 

fibre 

1 

liniment 

1 

science 

2 

walking 

1 

bite 

1 

fish 

(5) 

67 

lizard 

(1) 

3 

sea 

(1) 

8 

walrus 

2 

blank 

1 

fishes 

2 

lobster 

1 

seal 

7 

water  (17)  : 

206 

blue  fish 

1 

fishy 

2 

mad 

1 

sea-lion 

2 

water-dog 

(1) 

1 

body 

1 

flappers 

1 

mammal 

2 

sea-turtles 

(1) 

1 

water-loving 

1 

both 

6 

fodder 

1 

mammals 

1 

shapeless 

1 

watery 

2 

carnivorous 

1 

foot 

1 

man 

1 

ship 

1 

wet 

2 

centipede 

1 

frog  (28) 

189 

many 

1 

shore 

1 

whale 

(3) 

26 

cetacean 

1 

frogs 

(4) 

18 

marine 

(1) 

2 

shores 

1 

whales 

1 

chair 

1 

gastronemia 

1 

meat 

1 

sleep 

1 

worm 

2 

Christian 

1 

geological 

1 

mermaid 

1 

slow 

(1) 

1 

zoology 

(2) 

31 

24.  DECIMAL. 


Individuality  Frequency,  58. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


algebra  (1) 

2 

decimate  (1) 

3 

France 

1 

one-hundredth  2 

stick 

1 

anecdote 

1 

decipher 

1 

French 

(1) 

3 

(2) 

subtract 

arithmetic  (6) 

85 

denomination 

1 

geometry 

1 

one-tenth 

2 

subtraction 

4 

army 

1 

desecrate 

1 

Hindoo 

1 

7T. 

1 

sum 

1 

banking 

1 

division 

1 

hundred 

1 

part  (2)  7 

system 

(3) 

20 

bills 

1 

divisions 

1 

hundredth 

2 

parts 

2 

teaching 

1 

blackboard 

1 

dollar 

3 

integral 

2 

percent 

4 

tease 

1 

capital 

1 

dollars 

1 

interest 

1 

percentage  ( 1 )  6 

ten 

(2) 

47 

centimeter 

2 

dot 

7 

logarithm 

1 

period  (1)  20 

ten  cents 

1 

circulating 

1 

duodecimal 

2 

mathematical 

1 

picture  ( 1 )  1 

tenth 

(2) 

26 

classification  (1) 

2 

eight-tenths 

1 

mathematics  (2)  12 

place  (1)  4 

tenths 

9 

coinage 

1 

electric 

1 

measure 

3 

point  (13)  135 

thousandth 

1 

comma 

2 

equation 

1 

meter 

(1) 

2 

position 

1 

two 

1 

common 

4 

equivalent 

1 

metric 

(1) 

10 

punctuation 

1 

unit 

1 

compound 

1 

figure 

6 

money 

(1) 

4 

revision 

1 

verb 

1 

concentration  (1)1 

figures  ( 1 ) 

11 

notation 

(1) 

5 

school 

2 

vulgar 

1 

contract 

1 

five-tenths 

1 

noun 

(1) 

1 

short 

1 

vulgar  fraction 

1 

day 

1 

fortunes 

1 

number 

(10) 

44 

sentence 

1 

whole 

(1) 

2 

Decameron 

1 

fraction  (38) 

372 

numbers 

15 

septem 

1 

zero 

(1) 

6 

December  (1) 

2 

fractional 

2 

one 

1 

small 

1 

zeroes 

1 

decimal  point 

1 

fractions  (2) 

37 

statistics 

1 

28  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

25.  HYDRAULIC. 


Individuality  Frequency,  56. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


aqueduct 

1 

engineer 

7 

hydro¬ 

1 

mining 

11 

sanitary 

1 

canal 

0) 

1 

engineering 

(3)  30 

hydrolysis 

1 

P. 

1 

science 

1 

cement 

2 

engines 

1 

hydrostatic 

(2) 

4 

physics 

(4) 

45 

static 

1 

chemics 

1 

flow 

1 

hydrostatics 

(1) 

1 

picture 

1 

steam 

1 

chemistry 

3 

force 

7 

hydrozoon 

1 

pipe 

1 

strength  of  water  1 

civil 

1 

force  pump 

2 

laboratory 

(1) 

4 

piston 

1 

syringe 

1 

compression 

1 

gauge 

(1) 

1 

land 

1 

plant 

1 

technology 

1 

conservation 

1 

gold 

2 

Leonardo 

penumatic 

(1) 

2 

T.  .  (1) 

1 

C. 

1 

G. 

1 

da  Vinci 

1 

power 

(4) 

25 

turbine 

1 

cow 

1 

grade 

1 

lift 

1 

press  (13)  : 

118 

washing  machine 

1 

crane 

3 

gravity 

1 

lifting 

1 

pressed  bricks 

2 

washout 

1 

dam 

1 

hammer 

1 

lime 

(1) 

1 

pressure 

(9)  : 

120 

water  (38)  411 

dynamic 

1 

H. 

1 

machine 

7 

pump 

(5) 

44 

water-power 

3 

electric 

2 

heavy 

1 

machinery 

6 

pumping 

1 

water-pressure 

2 

elevator 

(1) 

5 

hose 

1 

mechanics 

(1) 

4 

pumps 

2 

weight 

1 

elevators 

1 

hydra 

1 

M. 

1 

ram 

(11) 

53 

well 

1 

energy 

1 

hydrangea 

1 

mine 

3 

reservoir 

1 

Z. 

1 

engine 

(1) 

15 

26.  OSMOSIS. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

153. 

Failure  Frequency,  58. 

absorption 

(1) 

5 

cosmos 

2 

hardening 

3 

ox 

1 

soaking  through 

1 

action 

2 

cosmosis 

2 

hormone 

(1) 

1 

oxygen 

(1) 

3 

soil-water 

1 

air 

1 

covering 

1 

H. 

(1) 

1 

parchment 

3 

solidifying 

1 

A. 

1 

crystallize 

(1) 

1 

hydrolysis 

1 

partition 

(1) 

1 

solution  (4) 

6 

alpha  privative 

1 

crystalloid 

(1) 

2 

hydrostatics 

1 

pass 

1 

starch 

1 

anatomy 

1 

death 

1 

hypnosis 

1 

passage 

6 

stimulation 

1 

anchylosis 

1 

dentistry 

1 

important 

1 

passing 

3 

stone 

1 

apparatus 

3 

dialysis 

12 

integration 

1 

penetration 

(1) 

5 

straw 

1 

ascent 

1 

dialyzation 

1 

intestine 

1 

percolate 

1 

strong 

1 

assimilation 

2 

dialyzer 

1 

Iowa 

1 

percolation 

2 

suction 

4 

asthma 

1 

diapedesis 

1 

jar 

1 

permeability 

3 

sugar  (1) 

5 

attraction 

1 

diaphragm 

(2) 

6 

K. 

1 

permeating 

1 

surface  tension 

1 

automatic 

1 

dictionary 

1 

laboratory 

1 

permeation 

1 

teacher 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

dietetics 

1 

lameness 

1 

Pfeffer 

(2) 

4 

tension 

1 

B. 

1 

diffusion  (6) 

28 

leaf 

1 

physical 

1 

test-tube 

1 

between 

1 

digestion 

2 

leak 

1 

physical 

text-book 

1 

biology 

14 

doctor 

1 

leakage 

2 

chemistry  (1)  2 

theosophy 

1 

bladder 

(1) 

1 

Dutrochet 

1 

leaves 

2 

physician 

1 

thermos 

1 

blood 

(4) 

42 

earth 

1 

liquid 

(1) 

6 

physics 

(3) 

31 

thick 

1 

blood-vessel 

1 

effusion 

1 

liquids 

(2) 

6 

physiological 

1 

thistle-tube 

1 

blotter 

2 

egg 

28 

lungs 

(1) 

2 

physiology 

18 

through 

1 

blotting 

1 

eggs 

3 

lymph 

1 

plant 

12 

tissue 

7 

bone 

(1) 

28 

Egyptian 

1 

medicine 

7 

plants 

(4) 

11 

tissues 

1 

bones 

13 

electricity 

1 

membrane  (20)  109 

plasmolysis 

(1) 

2 

transfer 

2 

bony 

1 

electrolysis 

1 

membranes 

2 

porcelain 

1 

transference 

2 

book 

(1) 

1 

endosmosis 

(3) 

8 

metabolism 

3 

porous 

4 

transformation 

1 

botany 

(1) 

16 

exchange 

1 

molasses 

2 

porous  cup 

1 

transfusion 

6 

breathing 

(1) 

3 

exosmosis 

(1) 

2 

molecule 

(1) 

3 

pots 

1 

transmission 

2 

bulrushes 

1 

experiment 

6 

M. 

1 

pressing 

(1) 

1 

transpiration 

1 

cane  sugar 

1 

eye 

1 

Moses 

7 

pressure 

(9) 

63 

transudation 

2 

capillary 

(1) 

4 

eyes 

1 

most 

1 

pressures 

(1) 

1 

transude 

1 

catalysis 

1 

fake 

1 

mouth 

2 

principle 

1 

tree 

1 

cataphoresis 

1 

film 

(1) 

1 

movement 

1 

process 

7 

trees  (1) 

1 

cell 

0) 

7 

filter 

(1) 

2 

moving 

1 

professor 

1 

triangle 

1 

cells 

3 

filtering 

1 

mystery 

1 

root 

(1) 

2 

tube  ( 1 ) 

3 

chamois  skin 

1 

filtration 

6 

N. 

1 

salt 

2 

tuberculosis 

1 

change 

19 

flowing 

1 

nervous 

1 

sap 

1 

tubes 

1 

changing 

1 

fluid 

2 

nonsense 

1 

science 

12 

turgor 

1 

chemical 

1 

fluids 

1 

opal 

1 

scientific 

1 

turn 

1 

chemistry 

(3) 

46 

food 

1 

O. 

1 

sclerosis 

1 

union 

1 

chemosis 

(1) 

1 

force 

2 

Oslerism 

1 

seep 

1 

universe 

1 

circulation 

3 

free 

1 

O. 

2 

semi-permeable 

1 

Van’t  Hoff 

1 

clay 

1 

fruit 

1 

osmometer 

(1) 

1 

separation 

1 

V. 

1 

colloid 

1 

fusion 

(1) 

1 

osmotic 

1 

sifting 

3 

water  (2)  33 

colloids 

1 

gas 

(1) 

9 

ossification 

1 

skin 

11 

wearing  away 

1 

contraction 

1 

gases 

(2) 

10 

osteopath 

1 

sleep 

2 

words 

1 

corpuscle 

1 

glass 

1 

O. 

(1) 

2 

soak 

1 

yeast 

1 

cosmopolitan 

1 

hair 

1 

out  through 

1 

soaking 

1 

zoology 

2 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


29 


27.  PERCENTAGE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  102. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


accounting 

1 

costs 

1 

fractions 

19 

one-tenth 

1 

rules 

(1) 

1 

addition 

5 

death 

1 

gain 

2 

overhead 

1 

salary 

2 

alcohol 

1 

debts 

1 

goal 

1 

part 

(3) 

23 

sale 

1 

algebra 

1 

decimal 

(5) 

43 

grade 

2 

partial 

1 

school 

4 

apply  (1) 

1 

decimal  point 

1 

grades 

3 

parts 

1 

science 

1 

arithmetic  (15)  196 

decimals 

6 

grocery 

1 

per  cent 

(1) 

5 

seals 

1 

average  ( 1 ) 

5 

degree 

1 

gymnasium 

(1) 

1 

percentage  mark  1 

share 

2 

bank 

9 

denominator  (1)  1 

high 

2 

percental 

1 

sign 

(2) 

18 

banking  (1) 

10 

difficult 

2 

hundred 

(3) 

49 

percentile 

(2) 

3 

six 

6 

banks  (1) 

2 

discount 

4 

hundreds 

1 

per  cent  sign 

10 

slate 

1 

base 

3 

dividend 

(1) 

1 

hundredth 

2 

P. 

1 

small 

1 

baseball 

2 

division 

3 

hundredths 

13 

perquisite 

1 

statistics 

(1) 

11 

basis 

5 

dollar 

(1) 

4 

income 

(1) 

2 

personage 

1 

stocks 

(1) 

4 

batting 

2 

dollars 

4 

increase 

1 

personality 

1 

subtract 

1 

bond 

1 

dollars  and 

insurance 

(1) 

3 

picture 

1 

sum 

2 

bonds 

2 

cents 

(1) 

1 

interest 

(12) 

77 

plant 

1 

table 

1 

book 

1 

efficiency 

2 

interval 

2 

plus 

1 

tables 

(1) 

1 

business  (1) 

9 

error 

(1) 

5 

investment 

1 

point 

1 

taxes 

1 

by  the  hundred 

1 

errors 

1 

low 

1 

population 

1 

teaching 

2 

calculation 

3 

examination 

1 

mark 

CD 

7 

portion 

2 

ten 

7 

cases 

1 

example 

1 

marks 

2 

Portugal 

1 

ten  per  cent 

2 

cash 

1 

examples 

1 

mathematics  (2)  17 

principal 

(1) 

5 

test 

1 

census 

1 

expression 

1 

mercantile 

1 

problems 

2 

thirty-four 

1 

character 

1 

fail 

1 

monachal 

1 

profit 

4 

times 

1 

charts 

1 

failures 

1 

money 

(4) 

40 

proportion 

10 

tithing 

1 

class 

1 

fifty 

(1) 

1 

multiplication 

2 

purchase 

1 

total 

2 

classification 

1 

figure 

(1) 

12 

nitrogen 

1 

quantity 

2 

twenty 

1 

column 

1 

figures 

(2) 

15 

no 

1 

rank 

1 

two 

1 

column  of 

figuring 

1 

normal 

0) 

1 

rate 

(2) 

11 

typewriter 

1 

figures  (1) 

1 

finance 

2 

notes 

1 

ratio 

(2) 

8 

value 

1 

commission 

1 

five 

2 

nouns 

1 

reduction 

1 

verb 

2 

composition  (3)  10 

formula 

1 

number 

(3) 

20 

regents 

1 

vitality 

1 

compound 

1 

four 

1 

numbers 

(2) 

27 

relation 

(1) 

1 

whole 

(1) 

1 

computation 

2 

fraction 

(8) 

72 

nutrition 

1 

relative 

1 

x  over  one 

constituents 

1 

fractional 

1 

of 

1 

respiration 

1 

hundred 

1 

contest 

1 

fractional  part 

1 

one  hundred  (2)  12 

rhythm 

(1) 

1 

zero 

(1) 

2 

28. 

CEREBELLUM. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

53. 

Failure  Frequency 

2. 

analysis 

1 

convolutions 

(1)  1 

hair 

1 

motor-nucleus 

1 

S. 

1 

anatomy  (2) 

9 

coordination 

1 

head  (4) 

44 

(1) 

spinal 

2 

ante  bellum 

1 

cortex 

1 

hemispheres 

1 

neck 

1 

spinal  cord 

(1) 

1 

backbone 

1 

cranium 

3 

hindbrain  (1) 

3 

newspaper 

1 

spine 

1 

balance 

1 

dream 

1 

involuntary 

1 

pain 

1 

Syracuse 

1 

biology 

1 

drug 

1 

irritability  (1) 

1 

physiology 

14 

term 

1 

body 

2 

drunk 

1 

man  (1) 

2 

picture 

(1) 

3 

text  book 

1 

brain  (63) 

671 

earthworm 

1 

medicine 

1 

pigeon 

1 

thought 

2 

brains  (3) 

13 

equilibrium 

(1)  2 

medulla  (1) 

11 

pons 

(1) 

2 

tired 

1 

brother 

1 

flower 

1 

medulla 

position 

1 

tract 

1 

cauliflower 

1 

folds 

1 

oblongata 

1 

psychology 

13 

ventricle 

1 

cerebral 

3 

fossae 

1 

meningitis 

1 

rabies 

2 

walnut-shaped 

1 

cerebrum  (16) 

127 

ganglion 

1 

mentality 

1 

sensation 

1 

war 

(1) 

8 

cherub 

1 

G. 

1 

model 

1 

skull 

(1) 

6 

white 

1 

circingle 

1 

Golgi 

1 

motor 

1 

small 

1 

zoology 

1 

coating 

1 

gray 

3 

30  A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


29.  FRACTIONS. 

Individuality  Frequency,  91. 
Failure  Frequency,  3. 


a/b 

1 

decimal 

(9) 

59 

fractions 

1 

numerator 

(2) 

14 

several 

1 

abominations 

1 

decimals  (13) 

84 

fractious 

1 

numerators 

1 

S. 

(1) 

1 

addition 

8 

denomination 

1 

fracture 

5 

of 

1 

simple 

1 

additions 

2 

denominator  (1)  10 

fractures 

1 

one-half 

(2) 

4 

six 

2 

algebra 

7 

denominators 

1 

Grammar 

1 

one-quarter 

2 

small 

1 

algebraic 

1 

different 

1 

G. 

1 

one-third 

(1) 

1 

split 

1 

arithmetic  (24)  267 

difficulties 

(1) 

2 

half 

16 

paper 

2 

stamp 

1 

banking 

(1) 

1 

difficulty 

(1) 

5 

halves 

2 

part 

(3) 

33 

strokes 

1 

before 

0) 

1 

diffraction 

1 

improper 

(1) 

3 

partial 

2 

study 

1 

bone 

1 

dislike 

1 

inch 

1 

particles 

3 

subtraction 

1 

bones 

(1) 

4 

distillates 

1 

integer 

3 

partition 

1 

sums 

4 

book 

1 

distillation 

2 

integers 

(1) 

9 

parts 

(7) 

54 

symbol 

1 

boy 

1 

divide 

(1) 

3 

integral 

4 

per  cent 

1 

T. 

1 

blackboard 

2 

divided 

2 

integrals 

1 

percentage 

18 

teacher 

1 

break 

1 

division 

(3) 

19 

interest 

1 

percentages 

1 

teaching 

1 

breakage 

0) 

1 

divisions 

2 

Jews 

1 

pieces 

2 

ten 

1 

breaking 

3 

dollar 

1 

line 

(1) 

8 

picture 

(1) 

1 

tenth 

1 

breaks 

2 

E. 

1 

lines 

1 

portion 

1 

three-fourths 

6 

broken 

4 

equations 

1 

mathematics  (2) 

24 

portions 

3 

three  quarters 

1 

calculation 

(2) 

4 

example 

1 

medicine 

1 

problem 

1 

trouble 

1 

cents 

0) 

1 

expectancy 

1 

misleading 

1 

problems 

2 

two 

4 

change 

1 

exponent 

1 

mixed 

1 

proper 

1 

two-thirds 

4 

character 

1 

faction 

1 

money 

2 

proportion 

1 

units 

2 

child 

1 

factors 

1 

multiplication 

5 

quotient 

(1) 

3 

vulgar 

(1) 

5 

children 

1 

figure 

3 

multiplier 

2 

ratio 

2 

whole 

4 

class 

1 

figures 

(1) 

23 

multiplying 

1 

rational 

(1) 

2 

whole  number  (1)3 

common 

(2) 

19 

figuring 

1 

nine-tenths 

1 

ratios 

1 

•wholes 

1 

complex 

1 

five 

1 

nouns 

1 

reflection 

1 

words 

1 

compound 

4 

four 

1 

number 

(5) 

31 

room 

1 

work 

3 

computation 

1 

fofurth 

(1) 

1 

numbers 

(5) 

55 

school 

14 

Y. 

1 

computations 

1 

fraction 

1 

numerals 

1 

series 

1 

youth 

1 

30.  TITRATION. 

Individuality  Frequency,  164. 
Failure  Frequency,  (3)  254. 


abstract 

1 

color 

(2) 

8 

food 

2 

mortar 

3 

scratching 

1 

accuracy 

(1) 

1 

concentration 

3 

force 

1 

motion 

2 

screen 

1 

acid 

13 

copper 

1 

four 

2 

music 

1 

sedimentation 

1 

acidity 

2 

corsets 

1 

friction 

2 

naturalization 

1 

separation 

4 

acids 

2 

crushing 

1 

funnel 

1 

neutralization 

3 

serum 

1 

action 

1 

cyclone 

1 

geology 

4 

nitrate 

2 

shaking 

2 

adding 

1 

decinormal 

(1) 

1 

glass 

(1) 

1 

nitration 

1 

simmer  (1) 

1 

addition 

1 

dehydrates 

1 

gravitation 

1 

nitrogen 

1 

solids 

1 

agar 

1 

dentition 

1 

Grecian 

1 

normality 

1 

solution  (1) 

7 

alkali 

1 

derivation 

1 

Greek 

1 

nutrition 

3 

spear 

1 

alkalinity 

1 

determination 

3 

grinding 

(1) 

3 

obscure 

1 

stagnation 

1 

amusement 

1 

dictionary 

(1) 

3 

grind  up 

1 

permanganate 

3 

stirring 

1 

analysis 

(4) 

22 

dietitian 

1 

gyration 

1 

pestle 

1 

stirring  rod  (1) 

1 

antipodes 

1 

difficult 

1 

Harrison 

1 

pharmacy 

1 

stock 

1 

apparatus 

2 

difficulty 

1 

head 

1 

phenolphthalein 

9 

stretch 

1 

arbitration 

1 

digestion 

1 

health 

1 

(1) 

striation 

1 

attrition 

2 

dilution 

(1) 

1 

icicle 

1 

physics 

7 

subtraction 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

disaster 

1 

ignorance 

2 

physiology  (1) 

3 

surgery 

2 

baryta  water 

1 

dislike 

I 

incomprehensible  1 

pieces  (1) 

1 

tank 

1 

base 

1 

distil 

1 

indicator 

7 

pill 

1 

technical 

1 

beaker 

4 

distillation 

1 

infiltration 

1 

pills 

1 

teeth 

1 

biology 

3 

division 

3 

infusion 

2 

pink 

2 

term 

1 

blood 

1 

dripping 

4 

ipecac 

1 

pipette 

1 

test 

1 

book 

1 

drop 

3 

iron 

2 

pounding  (1) 

1 

testing  (1) 

2 

botany 

1 

dropping 

(1) 

1 

laboratory 

(3) 

16 

pour 

1 

tetanus 

2 

bottle 

1 

drops 

(1) 

4 

Latin 

1 

pouring  (2) 

2 

tetrad 

1 

brain 

1 

drugs 

2 

laughter 

1 

powder 

2 

tetrahedron  (1) 

1 

Bunsen 

1 

drug  store 

1 

leaves 

1 

precipitate  (1) 

1 

three 

5 

burette 

(8) 

57 

drying 

1 

liquid 

(1) 

1 

precipitation 

2 

tiara 

1 

calcium 

dyadic 

1 

liquids 

(1) 

2 

problem 

1 

tide 

1 

carbonate 

1 

ebullition 

(1) 

1 

liquid  solution 

1 

process 

3 

tight 

8 

calibration 

1 

end-point 

1 

(1) 

1 

proportions  (1) 

1 

tighten 

2 

calorimeter 

1 

energy 

2 

litmus 

(1) 

3 

pulverization 

1 

tightening 

1 

chemical 

(1) 

5 

enigma 

1 

maze 

1 

quantitative  (1) 

1 

tiles 

1 

chemical 

estimation 

(1) 

1 

measure 

2 

quantitative 

tincture 

1 

laboratory 

(1) 

1 

exhortation 

1 

measurement  (2) 

analysis 

1 

tintillation 

1 

chemicals 

(1) 

1 

experiment 

2 

measuring 

3 

quantity 

1 

tintinabulation 

3 

chemist 

1 

extraction 

1 

media 

1 

reaction  (1) 

1 

(1) 

chemistry  (25)  151 

filter 

(6) 

14 

median 

1 

red 

2 

tintulate 

1 

chemists 

1 

filtering 

3 

medicine 

4 

repetition 

1 

tirade 

3 

chew 

(1) 

1 

filtration 

(3) 

18 

methyl  orange 

2 

rope 

1 

titan 

1 

churning 

1 

finely 

1 

mixing 

4 

rubbing  (1) 

9 

titanic 

15 

circle 

1 

flask 

1 

mixture 

(1) 

1 

science 

4 

titanotherium 

1 

cock 

1 

fluid 

(2) 

2 

mixtures 

1 

scintillation 

1 

T. 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


3i 


Titian 

3 

Titus 

2 

trigonometry 

1 

typhoid 

1 

wasting 

1 

titillation 

2 

traction 

1 

trio 

1 

tyrant 

1 

water 

(1) 

7 

titivate 

1 

trees 

1 

trite 

2 

urinalysis 

1 

water  analysis 

1 

title 

2 

tremble 

1 

tritonic 

1 

vessel 

1 

wearing 

3 

titrate 

2 

trembling 

1 

triturate  (1) 

3 

vibration  (1) 

4 

wearing 

away 

2 

titric  acid 

1 

triad 

1 

trituration 

7 

volume  (1) 

2 

wiggle 

1 

titular 

3 

triangle 

1 

typewriter  (1)  7 

volumetric  (1) 

2 

word 

4 

titulate 

1 

trichina 

1 

typewriting 

1 

Wassermann 

1 

work 

1 

31. 

CARBOHYDRATE. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

103. 

Failure  Frequency,  1. 

acetylene 

2 

chickens 

1 

fire 

1 

meat  (1) 

1 

potatoes 

4 

acid 

3 

chloride 

1 

Fischer 

1 

medicine 

4 

prescription 

1 

acids 

1 

CHO 

(1)  2 

fluid 

1 

metabolism  (1) 

12 

prestolite 

1 

albumen 

1 

CHON 

1 

food  (9) 

89 

methane 

1 

proteid 

20 

alcohol 

(1) 

3 

coal 

(1)  5 

foods  (1) 

6 

methylene 

1 

proteids 

3 

alimentary  canal  1 

combination  1 

foodstuffs 

1 

mineral 

1 

protein 

(1) 

16 

analysis 

1 

comet 

1 

formula  (1) 

1 

misnomer 

1 

protoplasm 

1 

anhydrous 

1 

compound 

(2)  7 

fruit 

1 

natural  history 

1 

raffinose 

1 

antiseptic 

1 

cooking 

1 

gas 

6 

nitrogen  (2) 

2 

ration 

1 

Battle  Creek 

1 

copper 

1 

gases 

1 

nitrogenous 

1 

salt 

2 

beans 

1 

corundum 

(1)  1 

glucose 

1 

not  fat 

1 

salts 

1 

benzene 

1 

dextrin 

1 

glycerin 

1 

nourishment 

1 

sewage 

1 

biology 

(1) 

3 

dextrose 

2 

G. 

1 

nutrition  (2) 

5 

smell 

1 

bitumen 

1 

diamonds 

1 

grease 

1 

organic  (1) 

8 

soda 

1 

blood 

1 

diet 

1 

H. 

1 

organic  chemistry  2 

solids 

1 

body 

1 

dietetics 

1 

heat 

2 

organics 

1 

S. 

1 

botany 

2 

diets 

1 

H. 

1 

organism 

1 

starch 

(11) 

66 

bottle 

1 

digestion 

2 

H2O 

1 

oxide 

1 

starches 

3 

bread 

2 

dioxide 

1 

hydrocarbon  (4) 

14 

oxygen 

8 

substance 

2 

bubbles 

1 

disinfectant 

1 

hydrocarbons 

4 

paraffins 

1 

sugar 

(33)  170 

cake 

1 

doctor 

1 

hydrochloric 

1 

pentosin 

1 

sugars 

(2) 

17 

candy 

1 

domestic  science  1 

hydrogen 

1 

peroxide 

1 

sugary 

1 

capillary 

1 

drug 

2 

hyposulphite 

1 

photo-synthesis 

2 

sulphur 

2 

carbolic 

(1) 

2 

drugs 

1 

ignorance 

1 

(1) 

sulphuric 

acid 

1 

carbon 

(5) 

29 

egg 

3 

inorganic 

1 

physics 

9 

symbol 

1 

carbonate 

3 

electric 

1 

iron 

1 

physiological 

T. 

1 

carbon  dioxide 

2 

electric  light  1 

K. 

1 

chemistry 

1 

teaching 

(1) 

1 

carbonic 

1 

elements 

1 

laboratory 

3 

physiology 

10 

T. 

1 

carbons 

1 

emulsion 

1 

lime 

1 

plant 

2 

water 

(1) 

22 

CH 

3 

fat 

(4)  38 

line 

1 

plants  (1) 

2 

W. 

1 

chemical 

(1) 

21 

fats 

18 

liquid 

1 

potato 

1 

zoology 

1 

chemistry  (9)  225 

figures 

1 

man 

1 

32.  DUODENUM. 

Individuality  Frequency,  91. 
Failure  Frequency,  (1)  72. 


abdomen 

4 

cloth 

1 

affection 

1 

colon 

8 

alimentary 

canal  2 

constipation 

1 

alimentation 

1 

cord 

1 

anatomy 

(7) 

35 

decimal 

7 

animal 

2 

demon 

1 

anus 

(1) 

2 

deny 

1 

appendicitis 

4 

diaphragm 

1 

appendix 

(1) 

4 

dictionary 

1 

arch 

(1) 

1 

die 

1 

arithmetic 

3 

digestion  (3) 

19 

assimilation 

(1) 

1 

digestive  tract 

1 

autopsy 

1 

doctor 

2 

belly 

(1) 

1 

doctors  (1) 

1 

bend 

1 

dominoes 

1 

bile 

(1) 

1 

D. 

1 

binding 

1 

double 

4 

biology 

4 

dual  (1) 

1 

body 

(2) 

21 

dualism 

1 

bone 

1 

duel 

2 

book 

6 

duenna 

1 

botany 

2 

D. 

1 

bowel 

(1) 

6 

D. 

1 

bowels 

(2) 

7 

duodecim 

1 

brain 

(1) 

21 

duodecimal  (2) 

28 

bud 

1 

duo-decimals 

2 

caecum 

1 

duojeum 

1 

canal 

1 

dwelling 

1 

caravan 

(1) 

1 

D. 

1 

cerebellum 

1 

element 

1 

chemistry 

1 

expression 

1 

extirpation 

1 

eye 

1 

membrane 

2 

septicaemia 

1 

feelers 

1 

mesentery 

1 

skeleton 

1 

first 

1 

metal 

1 

skin 

8 

food 

1 

millions 

1 

sphincter 

(1) 

1 

fractions 

1 

misbelieving 

1 

spinal  cord 

(1) 

1 

gastric 

1 

motion 

1 

spleen 

(1) 

3 

geometry 

1 

music 

2 

S. 

1 

gods 

1 

number 

4 

stomach 

(9) 

85 

Greek 

1 

numbers 

5 

structure 

1 

gut 

3 

octavo 

1 

sweetbread 

1 

head 

3 

oesophagus 

(1) 

4 

swelling 

1 

history 

3 

operation 

(1) 

1 

systems 

1 

hospital 

1 

organ 

1 

teacher 

1 

human  body 

1 

organism 

2 

ten 

3 

ileum 

(2) 

13 

pancreas 

2 

thousand 

1 

ill 

1 

peritoneum 

1 

throat 

1 

insides 

2 

peritonitis 

1 

tissue 

1 

internal 

2 

physical 

1 

tube 

1 

intestinal 

(1) 

2 

physiology 

(8) 

76 

Turkish 

1 

intestine 

(64) 

245 

picture 

(1) 

2 

twelve 

(2) 

13 

intestines 

(1) 

25 

pituitary  body 

1 

twelve  inches  (1)  1 

Italy 

1 

polyhedron 

1 

twenty 

1 

jejunum 

(1) 

18 

portion 

1 

two 

(1) 

47 

Latin 

29 

psychology 

1 

two-ness 

1 

lecture 

1 

puzzle 

1 

ulcer 

(2) 

7 

liver 

2 

pylorus 

1 

Upper  intestine 

1 

man 

(1) 

2 

rectum 

7 

(1) 

manikin 

1 

rhythm 

(1) 

1 

volume 

1 

marriage 

1 

ribs 

(1) 

1 

wonder 

1 

mathematics 

3 

Rome 

1 

word 

1 

medicine 

2 

sausage 

1 

years 

1 

medulla 

(1) 

1 

science 

4 

zoology 

2 

32 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  /.  R.  ROSANOFF 


33.  COSECANT. 


Individuality  Frequency,  67. 
Failure  Frequency,  (4)  44. 


abbreviation 

1 

cohesion 

1  division 

1 

line 

(1) 

10 

sea 

1 

algebra 

(1) 

20 

comparison 

1  drawing 

1 

lines 

1 

secant 

GO) 

84 

analytic 

3 

conic 

1  E. 

1 

logarithm 

1 

sector 

1 

analytics 

4 

consecutive 

1  equal 

1 

logarithms 

(1) 

2 

segment 

1 

angle 

(3) 

10 

consequence 

1  fibres 

1 

mathematics 

66 

sequence 

2 

angles 

1 

consequent 

1  follow 

1 

(10) 

sextant 

1 

antecedent 

1 

contrary 

1  following 

3 

measure 

1 

sine 

(12) 

46 

arc 

2 

coordinate 

1  freshmen 

1 

M. 

1 

song 

1 

arithmetic  (1) 

16 

cosine 

(5) 

36  function 

(1) 

2 

navigation 

2 

square 

1 

astronomy 

2 

cosines 

1  geology 

1 

numbers 

2 

tangent 

(8) 

68 

awful 

1 

cossack 

1  geometrical 

2 

P. 

1 

text  book 

1 

bisect 

1 

cosy 

1  geometry 

(7) 

79 

parenthesis 

1 

thought 

1 

book 

2 

cotangent 

(2) 

14  grammar 

3 

physics 

2 

together 

3 

botanical 

1 

C. 

1  great 

1 

problem 

1 

triangue 

(1) 

8 

calculus 

3 

curve 

2  happening 

1 

psychology 

1 

trigonometry  369 

charts 

1 

cut 

2  harvesting 

1 

radical 

1 

(31) 

chord 

1 

cutting 

2  hypothenuse 

(1) 

1 

radius 

1 

truth 

1 

circle 

5 

D. 

1  infinitive 

1 

ratio 

1 

university 

1 

coagulation 

1 

diagram 

1  Japanese 

1 

room 

1 

Warren 

1 

coalesce 

1 

differential 

1  J. 

1 

schoolroom 

(1) 

1 

with 

2 

coast 

1 

digestive 

1  Latin 

2 

science 

2 

word 

1 

coefficient 

7 

34.  BIOLOGY. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

146. 

Failure  Frequency, 

3. 

algae 

1 

C. 

(1) 

1  G. 

1 

microbes 

1 

science  I 

:i2)  : 

116 

all 

1 

C. 

1  geology 

7 

mineralogy 

2 

science  of 

life 

1 

A. 

1 

c. 

1  God 

1 

M. 

1 

scientific 

(1) 

1 

amoeba 

9 

cell 

5  G. 

1 

natural  history 

1 

scum 

1 

analysis 

1 

cells 

1  grub 

1 

nature 

1 

S. 

(1) 

2 

anatomy 

4 

chair 

1  H. 

1 

neurology 

2 

sign 

1 

animal 

(2) 

35 

charts 

1  H. 

(1) 

2 

note  book 

1 

sister 

2 

animal  life 

1 

chemistry 

(2) 

14  Harvard 

1 

ontology 

1 

skeleton 

2 

anmials 

(6) 

41 

college 

4  H. 

1 

organic 

1 

S. 

1 

anthrax 

1 

C. 

10  high  school 

1 

organism 

3 

Snow  Hall  (1) 

1  1 

anthropology 

2 

course 

1  histology 

(1) 

2 

organisms 

1 

S. 

1 

astronomy 

1 

courses 

2  history 

2 

origin  of 

life 

1 

S. 

1 

bacteria 

2 

C. 

2  H. 

3 

outdoors 

1 

starfish 

2 

bacteriology 

3 

crayfish 

1  H. 

2 

Owen  Hall  (1) 

1 

S. 

1 

B. 

1 

curriculum 

1  Huxley 

(2) 

3 

oyster 

1 

still 

1 

B. 

1 

Darwin 

3  immoral 

1 

palaeontology 

1 

S. 

1 

B. 

1 

D. 

1  insect 

1 

parasitology 

1 

stones 

1 

biographical 

1 

D. 

1  insects 

2 

P. 

2 

student 

1 

biography 

4 

discipline 

(1) 

1  Institute  of 

P. 

1 

study 

(1) 

26 

biologist 

(1) 

1 

dissecting 

1  Technology 

1 

people 

1 

teacher 

2 

biometric 

(1) 

1 

dissection 

2  invertebrate 

1 

P. 

1 

teaching 

3 

biometry 

1 

doctor 

1  jarry 

1 

physics 

6 

test 

1 

bionomics 

1 

doctorate 

(1) 

1  journalism 

1 

physiography 

1 

test  tube 

(1) 

1 

bios 

(1) 

1 

D. 

1  K. 

1 

physiology 

(1) 

22 

theorem 

1 

bird 

2 

duodenum 

1  labortory 

(3) 

38 

plant 

(1) 

8 

thought 

1 

birds 

2 

education 

1  L. 

1 

plants 

(2) 

13 

T. 

1 

bluff 

1 

E. 

1  L. 

1 

pleasure 

1 

T. 

1 

bodies 

1 

embryology 

2  life  (18)  159 

P. 

1 

trigonometry 

1 

body 

4 

entomology 

1  Lilly  Hall 

1 

P. 

1 

triology 

2 

bone 

1 

environment 

1  limnology 

1 

profession 

(1) 

1 

T. 

1 

book 

(2) 

7 

eugenics 

3  living 

1 

professor 

1 

two 

1 

books 

1 

evolution 

3  lobster 

1 

protozoa 

2 

university 

1 

botany 

(6) 

71 

experiments 

1  L. 

1 

protozoology 

1 

vital 

1 

B. 

1 

father 

1  L. 

1 

protozoon 

1 

W. 

(2) 

2 

brains 

1 

fields 

1  L. 

1 

psychology 

(1) 

6 

W. 

1 

brilliant 

1 

fish 

1  male  and  female  1 

jpublicj  health  (1)  1 

W. 

1 

B. 

(1) 

2 

fishes 

1  man 

3 

rabbit 

1 

W. 

1 

B. 

1 

flowers 

1  M. 

1 

R. 

2 

W. 

2 

bug 

(1) 

2 

food 

1  medicine 

(1) 

3 

R. 

1 

Woods  Hole 

1 

bugs 

(1) 

37 

force 

1  menagerie 

1 

R. 

1 

work 

(1) 

1 

building 

3 

frog 

(4) 

11  messy 

1 

R. 

1 

worm 

1 

B. 

1 

frogs 

4  M. 

1 

S. 

1 

worms 

3 

burn 

1 

Galloway 

1  M. 

1 

school 

2 

zoology 

(15) 

92 

C.  1 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT  33 

35.  ODYSSEY. 

Individuality  Frequency,  51. 


Failure  Frequency,  1. 


Achilles 

1 

geography 

2  literature  (2) 

14 

period 

1 

stars 

1 

adventure 

1 

G. 

1  model 

1 

pictures 

1 

statue 

1 

Aeneid 

4 

Greece 

(1)  17  M. 

1 

pleasure 

1 

story 

1 

analysis 

1 

Greek  (11)  119  myth 

2 

poem 

(2) 

11 

study 

1 

ancient 

1 

Greek  history  1  mythology 

1 

poetry 

(1) 

10 

surge 

(1) 

1 

audacity 

1 

Greeks 

3  Nausicaa 

1 

Pope 

2 

teaching 

2 

boldness 

1 

Helen 

1  oddity 

1 

pyramid 

1 

translation 

1 

book  (1) 

14 

history 

(1)  3  ode 

1 

recitation 

1 

travel 

(1) 

1 

classics  (2) 

6 

Homer  (52)  455  Odysseus  (1) 

6 

R. 

1 

Troy 

1 

college 

1 

Horace 

(1)  2  oracular 

1 

Roman 

2 

Ulysses 

(4) 

49 

dictionary 

1 

humiliation 

1  P. 

1 

school 

» 

1 

Virgil  # 

7 

eccentric 

1 

Iliad  (18)  197  P. 

1 

sea 

1 

wandering 

(1) 

1 

English 

2 

L. 

1  peculiar 

1 

ship 

1 

wanderings 

1 

epic 

2 

language 

1  peculiarity 

1 

shore 

1 

wars 

1 

fable 

1 

Latin 

17  Penelope 

1 

sirens 

1 

flight 

1 

36.  VERTEBRATE. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

68. 

Failure  Frequency,  0. 

amphibian 

1 

chimpanzee 

1  fossil 

2 

mammals 

5 

skeletons 

1 

amphibious 

1 

chorda 

1  frog 

4 

man 

(3) 

66 

skull 

2 

amphioxus 

2 

chordate 

(1)  3  geology  (1) 

2 

matter 

1 

snake 

4 

anatomy  (6) 

26 

class 

(1)  1  giraffe 

1 

medicine 

1 

species 

1 

animal  (27)  204 

classification  (1)  1  Haeckel 

2 

mollusc 

1 

specimen 

(1) 

2 

animals  (3) 

27 

coelenterata 

1  H. 

1 

monkey 

1 

spinal 

(3) 

17 

anthology 

1 

column 

8  higher  animal 

1 

morphology 

1 

spinal  column  (1)4 

anthropology 

1 

conundrum 

1  higher  animals 

1 

museum 

1 

spinal  cord 

1 

ape 

1 

cord 

1  horse 

8 

non-vertebrate 

2 

spine 

(2) 

58 

articulate 

1 

cow 

4  Huxley 

1 

notochord 

2 

spineless 

1 

back  (2) 

13 

cripple 

1  invertebrate  104 

ornithology 

1 

spines 

2 

backbone  (15)  103 

crooked 

1  (15) 

O. 

1 

structure 

3 

bear 

1 

Darwin 

1  invertebrates 

1 

palaeontologist 

1 

tail 

1 

beast 

1 

dinosaur 

1  jelly 

1 

paleontology 

2 

verify 

1 

B. 

1 

dog 

3  jointed 

1 

P. 

1 

vertebra 

(1) 

3 

biology  (1) 

16 

earthworm 

1  joints 

1 

physiology 

12 

vertebrae 

4 

bird 

1 

E. 

1  kingdom  ( 1 ) 

2 

psychology 

1 

vertigo 

1 

birds 

1 

elephant 

2  laboratory 

1 

quadruped 

1 

whale 

1 

body 

3 

erect 

2  legs 

1 

reptile 

1 

W. 

1 

bone  (2) 

43 

evolution 

4  life 

2 

rib 

1 

Woods  Hole  (lj 

1  1 

bones  (1) 

25 

fertile 

1  lizard 

1 

science 

1 

worm 

1 

brain 

7 

fish 

(2)  14  mammal  (1) 

31 

segment 

1 

zoo 

1 

cat  (1) 

8 

force 

1  mammalia 

1 

skeleton 

(3) 

27 

zoology 

(4) 

43 

cervical 

1 

37.  GRAVIMETRIC. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

101. 

Failure  Frequency, 

53. 

analysis  (12) 

52 

dictionary 

3  geophysical 

1 

lines 

1 

philology 

1 

analytic 

1 

difficulty 

1  glass  (1) 

1 

liquid 

(1) 

1 

phonograph 

1 

analytical 

1 

down 

1  gram 

1 

machine 

(1) 

2 

physics 

(6) 

99 

anthropometric 

1 

draw 

1  graph 

2 

mathematics  (1) 

1  7 

physiography 

1 

apparatus 

1 

drawing 

(1)  1  graphic 

1 

measure 

(4) 

63 

pictorial 

1 

apple 

1 

dynamics 

1  graphophone 

4 

measured 

2 

picture 

1 

arithmetic 

3 

earth 

7  graphs  (1) 

1 

measurement 

34 

platinum 

1 

arithmetical 

1 

ebullition 

(1)  1  grave  (1) 

2 

(3) 

plumb 

1 

attraction 

3 

electricity 

1  gravel 

1 

measurements 

5 

pressure 

2 

A. 

1 

elevator 

1  graven 

1 

measure 

procedure 

1 

avoirdupois 

1 

energy 

1  gravimeter 

1 

of  weight 

2 

process 

2 

balance  (4) 

16 

engineering 

2  gravinometer 

1 

measuring 

10 

psychology 

1 

balances 

1 

esoteric 

1  gravitate 

3 

mechanic 

1 

psychometric  (1)  1 

ball 

1 

fall 

2  gravitation  (4) 

31 

medical 

1 

pull 

2 

barometer 

1 

falling 

1  gravity  ( 1 ) 

94 

mensuration  (1)  2 

pycnometer 

1 

biometric 

1 

falling  body  1  gravy 

1 

metals 

1 

quantitative 

2 

burette  ( 1 ) 

1 

figuration 

1  heavy  (5) 

18 

meter 

8 

rule 

1 

by  weight 

1 

flask 

2  hydraulic 

1 

meters 

1 

ruler 

2 

calcium  oxide 

1 

fluid 

(1)  1  hydrolysis 

1 

method 

(3) 

4 

scale 

(1) 

11 

centrifugal 

1 

force 

6  hydrometer 

2 

metric 

10 

scales 

(2)  5 

charge 

1 

France 

( 1 )  1  instrument 

4 

metrical 

1 

school 

1 

chemistry  (5) 

35 

French 

1  instruments 

1 

metric  system 

8 

science 

15 

circle 

1 

function 

1  isomeric 

1 

metrocentric 

1 

separation 

1 

compass  (1) 

1 

g • 

1  isometric 

3 

metronome 

1 

solution 

1 

composition 

1 

galvanometer  4  laboratory 

2 

mining 

1 

specific 

2 

declension 

1 

geocentric 

1  land 

1 

monument 

1 

specific  gravity 

2 

determination  (1)4 

geography 

3  Latin 

2 

Newton 

(1) 

16 

spring  balance 

1 

determinations 

1 

geology 

(1)  2  law 

1 

number 

1 

star 

1 

diagrams 

1 

geometric 

4  lead 

1 

optometry 

1 

stoichiometric 

1 

diametric 

2 

geometry 

6  line 

1 

pedestrian 

1 

sure 

1 

34 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


surveying 

1 

technology 

1 

trigonometric 

1 

volumetric 

(7) 

42 

weight  (12)  103 

system  (1) 

24 

test  (1) 

3 

tropism  (2) 

2 

water 

1 

weight  measure 

3 

table 

2 

tests 

1 

unit 

1 

weigh 

2 

weights 

(2) 

7 

tape  measure 

1 

titration 

4 

volume 

1 

weighing 

(8) 

14 

38.  FEDERAL. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

74. 

Failure  Frequency,  1. 

aid 

1 

commonwealth 

1 

governmental 

3 

municipal 

5 

southerner 

1 

Alexander 

Confederacy 

2 

governor 

1 

nation 

6 

state  (10) 

80 

Hamilton 

1 

confederate  (9)  43 

grant  (1) 

2 

national 

(2) 

33 

state  rights 

1 

America 

1 

confederates 

1 

Hamilton 

4 

national 

states 

(2) 

20 

American 

1 

confederation 

1 

hat 

1 

government 

1 

statute 

1 

annex 

1 

congress  (2) 

2 

history 

5 

navy 

1 

street 

(1) 

1 

anti-federal 

1 

constitution  (7)  47 

Huerta 

1 

New  York 

1 

sugar 

1 

army 

19 

constitutional  (1)  6 

inquiry 

1 

north 

1 

Switzerland 

1 

assembly 

1 

constitutionalist 

2 

insurance 

1 

northern 

1 

system 

2 

athletic 

1 

constitutionalists  1 

insurgent 

1 

obligation 

1 

tax 

(1) 

3 

Australia 

1 

continental 

1 

interstate 

papers 

1 

tires 

1 

bank 

2 

control  (1) 

3 

commerce 

1 

Philadelphia 

1 

town 

1 

baseball  (2) 

5 

council 

1 

investigation 

1 

politics 

(2) 

3 

troop 

1 

battle 

1 

country 

8 

Jefferson  (1) 

2 

postal 

1 

troops 

(2) 

13 

blue-coat 

1 

court  (1) 

9 

judge 

5 

prison 

2 

truck 

1 

board  (1) 

3 

courts  (2) 

5 

jurisdiction 

1 

rational 

1 

union 

(2) 

39 

book 

1 

delivery 

1 

law  (1) 

15 

rebel 

(1) 

10 

unionist 

1 

building 

2 

democratic 

2 

laws  (1) 

1 

rebels 

4 

united 

(1) 

6 

bureau 

1 

district 

2 

league 

13 

republic 

2 

United  States 

41 

capital 

2 

dominion 

1 

Lee 

1 

republican 

(1) 

3 

(7) 

chief 

1 

express 

10 

liberal 

2 

reserve 

5 

United  States 

civics 

1 

federation 

1 

Madison 

1 

reserve  act 

1 

government 

1 

civil 

5 

ferocious 

1 

Mexican 

1 

revolution 

2 

unity 

1 

Civil  War 

3 

feudal 

1 

Mexicans 

1 

soldier 

(2) 

11 

vocal 

1 

colonial 

1 

flag 

1 

Mexico 

10 

soldiers 

(1) 

4 

war 

15 

combine 

1 

fusion 

1 

military 

1 

south 

2 

Washington  (1)  12 

combined  (1) 

1 

government 

353 

monarchy 

1 

southern 

1 

Wilson 

3 

commission 

1 

(33) 

money 

3 

39. 

MORPHOLOGY. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

130. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(1) 

31. 

ablant 

1 

chemistry  (1) 

3 

fern  (1) 

1 

logic 

2 

shape 

(3) 

26 

abnormal 

1 

classification 

3 

field 

1 

logos 

1 

shapes 

(1) 

2 

abnormalism 

1 

coast-line 

1 

fitness 

1 

man 

6 

sick 

1 

algae 

1 

cocaine 

1 

flower 

3 

M. 

1 

sickness 

1 

A. 

1 

cocoon 

1 

flowers  (1) 

2 

medical 

1 

sickness 

1 

amorphous 

3 

college 

1 

form  (59) 

131 

medicine 

(1) 

18 

similar 

1 

analysis 

2 

comparative 

1 

forms  (2) 

10 

metamorphosis 

3 

size 

1 

anatomy  (9) 

31 

constitution 

1 

form  study 

1 

microscope 

5 

skeleton 

2 

ancient 

1 

corpse  (1) 

1 

fossils 

1 

microscopic 

1 

sleep 

20 

angiosperma 

1 

C. 

1 

function  (1) 

2 

minute 

1 

species 

1 

animal  (1) 

9 

crystal 

1 

fungi 

1 

mollusc 

1 

S. 

1 

animals  (1) 

5 

crystals  (1) 

1 

geology 

4 

morgue 

(1) 

1 

stone 

1 

anthology 

1 

cytology 

1 

Greek 

2 

Mormon 

1 

straight 

1 

anthropology 

10 

dead 

4 

growing 

1 

morphe 

1 

S. 

1 

anthropomorphic  1 

dead  body 

1 

growth 

1 

Morpheus 

8 

structural 

(1) 

1 

anthropomorphism 

death 

48 

gymnosperms 

1 

morphine 

(3) 

31 

structure 

(6) 

52 

2 

death  rate 

1 

Haeckel 

1 

morphosis 

1 

studies 

1 

arena 

1 

degenerate 

1 

head 

1 

mortality 

1 

study 

14 

bacteria 

3 

derivation 

2 

health 

1 

mortification 

I 

study  of  plants 

!  1 

bacteriology 

3 

development 

4 

heart 

1 

moth 

1 

substance 

1 

biological 

1 

dictionary 

1 

H. 

1 

mouldy 

1 

sulphur 

1 

biology  (3) 

44 

disease 

4 

hermaphrodite 

1 

mythology 

2 

surface 

1 

blood  (1) 

2 

doctor 

1 

histology 

14 

N. 

1 

system 

(1) 

2 

bodies  (1) 

2 

doctors 

1 

history 

1 

origin 

1 

taxonomy 

1 

body 

5 

doxology 

1 

homology 

1 

ornithology 

1 

teacher 

1 

bone 

2 

drugs 

1 

hospital 

2 

ossify 

1 

teleology 

(1) 

1 

bones 

4 

dying 

1 

human 

1 

paleontology  (1) 

2 

T. 

1 

book  (1) 

5 

ease 

1 

H. 

1 

parts 

1 

tissue 

1 

botany  (6) 

33 

ecology  (1) 

2 

Huxley 

1 

pathology 

6 

toxicology 

1 

brain 

1 

embryo 

1 

hygiene 

1 

person 

1 

trees 

1 

bugs 

1 

embryology  (2) 

10 

illustrations 

1 

philosophy 

1 

undertaker 

1 

butterflies 

1 

endosperms 

1 

infancy 

1 

physics 

1 

variation 

3 

butterfly 

3 

eternity 

1 

insect 

1 

physiology 

(6) 

27 

vertebrate 

1 

Canadian 

1 

ethnology 

1 

insects 

2 

plant 

(1) 

26 

vertebrates 

1 

cat 

2 

etiology 

1 

J. 

1 

plants 

(5) 

27 

weakness 

1 

catalogue 

1 

etymology 

1 

knowledge 

1 

poison 

1 

W. 

1 

cell 

1 

evolution  (1) 

2 

laboratory  (1) 

2 

psychology 

1 

word 

2 

cells 

1 

exchange 

1 

language 

1 

roots 

1 

words 

1 

change 

35 

experimental 

1 

leaf 

1 

science 

(4) 

59 

writer 

1 

changes 

3 

fashion  (1) 

1 

life 

7 

sex 

1 

zoology 

(2) 

20 

characteristics 

2 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


35 


40.  HYPOTHENUSE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  55. 


Failure  Frequency,  6. 


abscissa 

2 

diagram 

1 

incline 

1 

proposition  ( 1 ) 

2 

slant 

2 

algebra 

1 

distance 

(1) 

1 

isosceles 

1 

Pythagoras  (1) 

11 

slope 

1 

altitude 

1 

Euclid 

(1) 

1 

J. 

1 

Pythagorean 

Socrates 

1 

angle 

(8) 

55 

expression 

1 

leg 

(2) 

20 

proposition 

1 

square 

13 

angles 

6 

father 

1 

legs 

3 

reasoning 

1 

squares 

3 

animal 

1 

figure 

1 

letter  N. 

(1) 

1 

rectangle 

5 

straight  line 

1 

Aristotle 

1 

figures 

1 

line 

(2) 

24 

right 

5 

subtending  (1) 

1 

arithmetic 

8 

formula 

1 

long 

1 

right  angle  (1) 

15 

sun 

1 

arm 

1 

geology 

1 

mathematics  (2)  19 

right  angled 

supposition 

1 

axiom 

1 

geometry 

(9) 

141 

misery 

1 

triangle 

1 

tangent 

3 

base 

(2) 

14 

grammar 

1 

news 

1 

right  triangle 

2 

theory 

1 

cathete 

1 

hippopotamus 

2 

oblique 

1 

secant  ( 1 ) 

2 

triangle  (61) 

542 

circle 

1 

horizontal 

1 

TT 

1 

section 

1 

triangles 

1 

conclusion 

1 

hyperbola 

3 

perpendicular 

6 

shortness 

1 

triangulation 

1 

cosine 

1 

hypocrite 

1 

(1) 

side 

8 

trigonometry  (2)  8 

crooked 

1 

hypostoma 

1 

Plato 

1 

sides 

1 

upright 

1 

demonstration 

1 

hypothecate 

1 

pons  asinorum 

2 

sine 

1 

visual  (1) 

1 

diagonal 

(1) 

6 

hypothesis 

(1) 

7 

problem 

1 

Africa  1 

America  (1)  7 

Argentine  1 

astronomy  1 

Balboa  2 

biology  1 

boat  1 

brain  1 

British  1 

cape  5 

Cape  Horn  7 

captain  1 

circumnavigate  2 


circumnavigation 

13 

circumnavigator  2 
city  2 

civil  1 

Columbus  (1)  4 


41.  MAGELLAN. 

Individuality  Frequency,  47. 
Failure  Frequency,  (1)  7. 


combers 

(1) 

1 

Gibraltar 

1 

Pacific 

(1) 

11 

Spain  (1) 

13 

compass 

1 

globe 

1 

Panama 

3 

Spaniard 

3 

Cook 

(1) 

1 

history 

(1) 

28 

passage 

1 

Spanish 

4 

Cortez 

1 

Indus 

1 

Patagonia 

1 

strait  (17)  ; 

269 

cruise 

1 

island 

4 

Patagonian 

1 

straits  (52) 

344 

Darwin 

(1) 

1 

Italian 

1 

Philippine 

(1) 

1 

Straits  of 

date 

1 

Keats 

1 

picture 

2 

Magellan 

1 

Diaz 

1 

Labrador 

(1) 

1 

Portugal 

(1) 

1 

Tierra  del 

discoverer 

(3) 

37 

land 

1 

Portuguese 

(1) 

2 

Fuego  (1) 

2 

discoverers 

1 

Magella 

(1) 

2 

sail 

1 

time 

1 

discovery 

(1) 

22 

magician 

1 

sailor 

4 

travel 

2 

earth 

1 

man 

10 

schooner 

1 

traveler 

2 

exploration 

(1) 

5 

map 

1 

scientist 

1 

trip 

1 

explorer 

(3) 

37 

inarticulate 

1 

sea 

10 

voyage 

9 

Ferdinand 

1 

name 

1 

sea-farer 

(1) 

1 

war 

2 

flagella 

1 

navigation 

3 

ship 

5 

water 

5 

flagellum 

1 

navigator 

(1) 

4 

South  America 

23 

world 

8 

general 

1 

ocean 

(2) 

8 

(2) 

word 

1 

geography  (2)  19 


42.  HEXAMETER. 

Individuality  Frequency,  73. 


Failure  Frequency,  6. 


Aeneid 

(1) 

4 

English 

3 

Iliad  (2) 

3 

parsing 

1 

science 

2 

air 

1 

epic 

2 

instrument 

6 

pentad 

1 

seven 

1 

algebra 

(1) 

3 

Euclid 

1 

kindergarten 

1 

pentagon 

4 

shape 

(1) 

3 

angle 

2 

Evangeline 

(1) 

4 

language 

1 

pentagonal 

1 

side 

1 

apothem 

1 

examination  ( 1 ) 

1 

Latin 

3 

pentameter 

(4)  59 

sides 

4 

apparatus  (1) 

2 

example 

1 

line 

5 

perimeter 

16 

six 

(5) 

121 

arithmetic 

3 

feet 

1 

literature 

2 

physics 

2 

six  angles 

1 

bees 

1 

figure 

(4) 

53 

Longfellow 

4 

plane 

1 

six  foot 

2 

bicycle 

1 

five 

1 

Longfellow’s 

poem 

(4) 

9 

six  parts 

1 

Blackie 

(1) 

1 

foot 

2 

Miles  Standish 

1 

poetry  (20) 

116 

six-sided 

3 

caesura 

1 

form 

(1) 

10 

many  sides 

1 

polygon 

(2) 

20 

six  sides 

1 

cell 

1 

fraction 

1 

mathematical 

1 

polyhedron 

1 

solid 

1 

centimeter 

1 

geology 

1 

mathematics  (1) 

18 

Pope 

(1) 

4 

Spenser 

1 

circle 

4 

geometric 

2 

measure  ( 1 ) 

9 

prism 

1 

spiders 

(1) 

1 

circumference 

1 

geometry 

(3)  100 

measurement 

5 

problem 

1 

square 

2 

crystal 

2 

Greek 

5 

meter  (2) 

19 

prose 

(2) 

2 

stanza 

2 

dactyl 

(1) 

4 

Greeks 

1 

metric  (1) 

4 

prosody 

(1) 

5 

steigt 

1 

dactylic 

5 

hectagon 

2 

ntiles 

1 

pyramid 

1 

studying 

1 

decimal 

1 

Hector 

3 

Milton 

1 

quintameter 

1 

taximeter 

1 

declamation 

(1) 

1 

heptateuch 

1 

music 

8 

rhetoric 

2 

teach 

1 

diagonal 

2 

hexagon 

(1) 

21 

N. 

1 

rhomboid 

1 

teaching 

1 

diagram 

1 

hexagonal 

3 

noun 

1 

rhomboidal 

1 

ten 

1 

diagrams 

1 

hexagraph 

1 

octagon  (1) 

8 

rhyme 

4 

tetrameter 

(1) 

6 

diameter 

(3) 

14 

H. 

1 

octagonal 

2 

rhythm 

(1) 

6 

triangle 

(1) 

9 

distance 

1 

Homer 

(1) 

14 

Odyssey  (1) 

3 

rule 

1 

trigonometry 

6 

double 

1 

honeycomb 

1 

paper 

1 

S. 

1 

T. 

1 

drawing 

2 

horoscope 

1 

parabola  (1) 

2 

scanning 

1 

verse  (16) 

103 

duodecagon 

1 

horse 

1 

parameter 

4 

scansion 

2 

versification 

2 

edge 

1 

iambic 

11 

Paris 

1 

school 

1 

Virgil 

(4) 

16 

eight 

2 

iameter 

1 

36  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


43.  METEOR. 

Individuality  Frequency,  100. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


aerolite 

1 

discussion 

1 

Harpswich 

1 

mineral 

(1)  2 

shooting 

3 

air 

2 

D. 

1 

heat 

1 

mistake 

1 

shotting 

(1) 

4 

airship 

1 

earth 

1 

heaven 

(1) 

3 

moon 

1 

shooting 

star  (3)  5 

Alaska 

1 

elements 

1 

heavenly 

1 

motion 

2 

shooting  stars 

1 

American 

etching 

1 

heavenly  body 

1 

museum 

(1)  8 

shower 

(1) 

1 

Museum 

1 

explosion 

1 

heavens 

(1) 

13 

Nebraska 

1 

sky 

(10) 

112 

arctic 

1 

fall 

(2) 

9 

Helmholtz 

1 

nebula 

1 

space 

1 

asteroid 

4 

falling 

14 

Hohenzollern 

1 

newspaper 

1 

sparks 

1 

astrology 

1 

falling  star 

3 

hot 

1 

nickel 

3 

spectrum 

1 

astronomy  (10)  125 

famous 

1 

image 

(1) 

1 

object 

1 

speed 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

fast 

1 

Iowa 

1 

Peary 

1 

star 

(29)  ; 

275 

ball 

(1) 

1 

fear 

1 

iron 

(6) 

31 

Perseids 

1 

stars 

(1) 

31 

ball  of  fire 

1 

fell 

1 

K. 

(1) 

1 

phenomenon  1 

Stella 

1 

black 

1 

fiery 

1 

laboratory 

1 

picture 

1 

stone 

(2) 

16 

blood 

1 

fire 

6 

lava 

1 

planet 

14 

streak 

2 

body 

(1) 

5 

fire  ball 

1 

light 

(2) 

32 

planetesimal  1 

sun 

1 

bright 

(1) 

3 

flame 

2 

lightning 

1 

(1) 

surprise 

(1) 

1 

brightness 

2 

flare 

(1) 

1 

local 

1 

planets 

3 

swiftness 

1 

brilliancy 

1 

flash 

11 

mass 

1 

poem 

1 

tail 

2 

brilliant 

1 

flashing  body 

1 

measure 

2 

poetry 

1 

task 

1 

Brooklyn 

1 

flight 

(1) 

3 

mellifluous 

1 

quick 

1 

telegraphy 

1 

career 

2 

fly 

1 

message 

1 

rapid 

1 

telescope 

1 

celestial 

1 

flying 

2 

metal 

(1) 

6 

road 

1 

trail 

(1) 

2 

cheese 

1 

fragment 

1 

meteorite 

(5) 

15 

rock 

(1)  7 

train 

(1) 

2 

cloud 

1 

geologic 

1 

meteorites 

1 

rocket 

2 

water 

3 

comet 

(8) 

89 

geology 

7 

meteorlogical 

1 

rush 

1 

wave 

1 

comets 

1 

Greek 

1 

meteorology 

3 

satellite 

2 

weather 

1 

cosmic 

2 

Halley 

1 

meter 

(1) 

1 

Saturn 

(1)  1 

weight 

1 

destruction 

1 

Halley’s 

2 

middle 

1 

science 

1 

Wilhelm 

1 

discovery 

1 

Halley’s 

comet 

1 

Milton 

1 

ship 

(1)  1 

world 

1 

yacht 

2 

44.  MOMENTUM. 


Individuality  Frequency,  64. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


acceleration  8 

accident  1 

action  3 

arithmetic  1 

automobile  3 

balance  1 

ball  (3)  6 

body  6 

bullet  1 

bump  1 

cannon  1 

cannon  ball  2 

car  2 

cause  1 

center  1 

circumference  1 
down  1 

drop  1 

eccentric  1 

energy  (3)  10 

engine  (1)  7 

equation  1 

factor  1 


fall 

2 

falling 

1 

fast 

1 

flying 

1 

force  (17)  ; 

223 

formula 

2 

forward 

(1) 

1 

go 

1 

going 

(1) 

4 

gravimetric 

1 

gravitation 

1 

gravity 

(4) 

13 

heavy 

3 

hurry 

1 

immobility 

1 

impact 

(2) 

4 

impetus 

8 

impulse 

(1) 

6 

increased 

1 

inertia 

(7) 

43 

initiative 

1 

irresistible 

1 

irresistibility  (2)  1 
I.  W.  1 

kinetic 


energy 

(2) 

2 

law 

1 

laziness 

1 

leg 

1 

locomotive 

1 

machine 

1 

mass 

(5) 

38 

matter 

1 

mechanics 

(2) 

11 

mesentery 

1 

minimum 

1 

minute 

1 

moment 

4 

momentous 

(1) 

2 

momentum 

1 

morality 

1 

motility 

1 

motion 

(9) 

76 

mountain 

1 

movement 

(4) 

36 

moving 

2 

m.  v. 

(1) 

6 

Newton 

3 

object 

1 

ocean 

2 

pendulum 

2 

physics 

(8) 

104 

plane 

1 

power 

15 

present 

1 

pressure 

2 

prodigious 

1 

projectile 

1 

push 

(2) 

13 

quick 

2 

quickness 

1 

rapid 

1 

rapidity 

4 

rate 

1 

resistance 

(1) 

2 

rest 

(1) 

1 

roll 

1 

rolling 

1 

rush 

2 

rushing 

1 

science 

1 

ship 

(1) 

1 

shoot 

1 

sliding 

1 

space 

2 

speed 

(9) 

149 

sphere 

1 

start 

2 

still 

1 

stone 

1 

strength 

1 

swift 

5 

time 

1 

train 

20 

trolley 

1 

truck 

1 

velocity 

(5) 

36 

vis  viva 

(2) 

2 

weight 

(7) 

37 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


37 


45.  CORNWALLIS. 

Individuality  Frequency,  70. 


Failure  Frequency,  3. 


adirfiral 

0) 

1 

country 

1 

history 

(2) 

36 

palisades 

1 

soldiers 

1 

ambassador 

(1) 

1 

Cromwell 

1 

Hudson 

(1) 

4 

peace 

(1) 

1 

statesman 

1 

America 

2 

defeat 

11 

Hudson  River 

1 

Peekskill 

1 

surrender  (7) 

49 

American 

1 

defeated 

1 

India 

(1) 

2 

Pennsylvania 

1 

surrendered 

1 

American  history  1 

duke 

(2) 

6 

Indians 

1 

picture 

3 

sword 

4 

A. 

1 

Edinburgh 

1 

Ireland 

2 

pictures 

1 

Syracuse 

1 

army 

3 

E. 

1 

J. 

1 

place 

1 

T. 

1 

battle 

(4) 

57 

England 

(2) 

45 

Jackson 

1 

plains 

1 

teacher 

1 

battles 

1 

English 

(1) 

36 

Jamestown 

1 

Quebec 

1 

Texas 

1 

Boston 

2 

Englishman 

2 

J. 

1 

rebellion 

1 

threatening  (1) 

1 

Brandywine 

1 

fight 

4 

J. 

1 

red 

2 

Ticonderoga 

1 

British 

0) 

18 

fighter 

1 

L. 

1 

red-coat 

1 

troops 

1 

brook 

1 

fighting 

1 

Lafayette 

3 

revolution 

(9) 

80 

uniform 

1 

Burgoyne 

0) 

7 

French 

1 

leader 

1 

revolutionary 

3 

valley 

2 

charge 

1 

general  (11)  130 

lodge 

3 

Revolutionary 

Valley  F orge 

2 

Civil  War 

2 

generals 

1 

Long  Island 

1 

War 

3 

Wales 

1 

coal 

1 

geography 

(1) 

1 

lord 

(7) 

41 

Richmond 

1 

war  ( 1 ) 

25 

Columbus 

1 

Georgetown 

(1)  2 

man 

(3) 

19 

Saint  Nicholas 

1 

Washington  (4)  75 

commander 

1 

George 

New  Jersey 

(1) 

1 

Saratoga 

4 

Waterloo 

3 

C. 

1 

Washington 

3 

New  York 

3 

Scotland 

1 

West  (5) 

35 

corn 

1 

giant 

1 

night 

1 

siege 

(1) 

1 

York  (1) 

7 

corn-cob 

1 

government 

(1) 

2 

Oregon 

(1) 

1 

snow 

1 

Yorktown,  (25)  167 

cornucopia 

1 

Great  Britain 

1 

painting 

1 

soldier 

11 

Yorktown 

Cornwall 

(2) 

7 

Heights 

1 

4 6.  PROTOZOON. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

121. 

Failure  Frequency, 

14. 

acinetae 

1 

changing 

1 

God 

1 

movement  (1) 

1 

protozooid 

1 

age 

6 

chaos 

1 

G. 

1 

nuclein 

1 

psychology 

1 

algae 

1 

chart 

1 

green 

1 

O. 

1 

pulp 

1 

amoeba  (27) 

187 

chemistry 

3 

group 

1 

one  cell 

2 

rock 

1 

amoeban 

1 

cilia 

1 

Haeckel 

2 

organism 

6 

science 

12 

ameboid 

1 

class 

(1) 

2 

H. 

1 

organisms 

1 

S. 

1 

amphibian 

1 

college 

1 

high  school 

1 

ovum 

1 

sea 

(1) 

4 

anatomy 

1 

creation 

1 

hydra 

(1) 

2 

paleontology 

2 

sea  shore 

1 

ancient 

2 

creature 

1 

hydrate 

1 

paramoecium 

16 

seed 

1 

ancient  animal 

1 

crustacean 

2 

hydrozoon 

1 

(6) 

semen 

1 

animal  (14) 

107 

Darwin 

(1) 

2 

hygiene 

1 

parasite 

7 

sewage 

1 

animalcule 

(2) 

10 

deep  sea 

1 

infection 

1 

pedagogy 

1 

simple 

(1) 

3 

animal  parasite 

1 

D. 

1 

infusion 

(1) 

1 

period 

2 

simplicity 

1 

animals 

3 

dilflugia 

1 

infusoria 

5 

periods 

1 

single 

2 

antiquity 

1 

digestion 

1 

insect 

1 

phyla 

1 

slime 

1 

anything 

(1) 

1 

disease 

(1) 

4 

invertebrate 

1 

phylum 

1 

small 

(1) 

7 

archaic 

1 

diseases 

1 

jelly 

3 

physiology 

9 

smallness 

1 

atomic 

1 

early 

2 

J. 

(2) 

2 

P. 

1 

S. 

1 

bacteria 

(2) 

7 

E. 

1 

lakes 

1 

plant 

7 

specimen 

1 

bacteriology 

6 

elemental 

1 

Latin 

1 

plasm 

1 

sperm 

1 

beginning 

1 

elementary 

1 

Leishman- 

prevital 

1 

spermatozoon 

1 

biology 

(4) 

135 

embryology 

1 

Donovan 

1 

primal 

1 

sponge 

1 

bioplasm 

1 

entozoon 

1 

life 

(3) 

36 

primitive  (3) 

10 

sporozoon 

1 

blood 

1 

eras 

1 

lifeless 

1 

prodigy 

1 

stone 

1 

blue 

1 

Euglena 

1 

low 

1 

proletariat 

1 

S. 

1 

body 

1 

evolution 

3 

lowest 

1 

protagonist 

1 

study 

1 

botany 

4 

fertilization 

1 

mammal 

1 

protegulum 

1 

stuff 

1 

B. 

1 

first 

10 

marine 

(1) 

1 

proteid 

2 

text  book 

1 

bryophyte 

1 

first  life 

1 

metazoa 

2 

protein 

1 

unicellular 

(6) 

14 

bryozoon 

1 

flagellate 

4 

metazoon 

(4) 

18 

proteus 

1 

Urtiere 

1 

bug 

(1) 

9 

fluid 

1 

microorganism 

5 

protista 

2 

vagina 

1 

bugs 

2 

food 

6 

microscope 

(1) 

5 

protophyte 

1 

vegetable 

1 

B. 

1 

form 

1 

microscopic 

3 

protoplasm  (3) 

17 

water 

11 

C. 

(1) 

4 

foramimfera 

1 

minute 

2 

protoplasmic 

1 

wiggle 

1 

carbohydrates 

1 

geology 

20 

mollusc 

1 

protose 

1 

zone 

3 

carbon 

cell 

(2) 

1 

20 

rm 

3 

1 

motion 

1 

protozoa 

1 

zoology 

(8) 

79 

38  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


47.  SYNTAX. 


Individuality  Frequency,  67. 
Failure  Frequency,  3. 


adverb 

2 

context 

1 

L. 

1 

question 

1 

syndicate 

1 

agreement 

1 

correctly 

1 

logic 

1 

reflex 

1 

synonymous 

1 

algebra 

1 

declension 

7 

mathematics 

3 

regents 

2 

synthesis 

7 

analysis  (1) 

6 

diagram 

2 

M. 

1 

relation 

3 

synthetic 

2 

analyze 

6 

diagrams 

(1) 

1 

meaning 

1 

relationship 

1 

system 

1 

Anglo-Saxon 

1 

diction 

1 

M. 

4 

rhetoric 

(3) 

21 

tax 

(1) 

3 

arithmetic 

2 

division 

1 

noun 

(1) 

19 

rule 

2 

technical 

1 

arrangement  (1)  3 

doctor 

(1) 

8 

nouns 

4 

rules 

3 

tin  tacks 

(1) 

1 

beauty 

1 

English 

19 

nuisance 

1 

sailor 

1 

together 

1 

book 

1 

English  grammar  1 

numbers 

1 

school 

4 

use 

1 

botany 

1 

form 

2 

of 

1 

schoolroom 

1 

verb 

(7) 

49 

Cinderalla 

1 

French 

1 

parse 

(1) 

4 

science 

(1) 

1 

verbs 

(1) 

8 

class 

1 

genealogy 

1 

parsing 

3 

sentence 

(5) 

42 

verse 

1 

classification 

1 

German 

1 

participle 

1 

similar 

1 

Virgil 

1 

classroom 

1 

grammar  (57)  577 

phrase 

1 

S. 

1 

word 

(1) 

11 

climax  (1) 

1 

grammatical 

(1) 

2 

plates 

1 

speech 

(1) 

3 

words 

(1) 

8 

combination 

1 

Greek 

(2) 

4 

play 

1 

spelling 

1 

work 

1 

composition 

3 

hard 

1 

predicate 

(1) 

2 

structure 

(1) 

7 

writing 

1 

concept 

1 

instruction 

1 

preface 

1 

study 

2 

Wundt 

1 

conjugation  (1) 

3 

labor 

1 

pronoun 

1 

subject 

1 

Xenophon 

1 

connection 

1 

language 

(1) 

14 

prosody 

(7) 

27 

S. 

1 

yawning 

1 

construction 

19 

Latin 

12 

pupils 

1 

syncopate 

1 

48. 

DISTILLATION. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

91. 

Failure  Frequency, 

,  2. 

alcohol 

(9) 

77 

constellation 

1 

extension 

2 

liquors 

6 

sight 

1 

ammonia 

2 

contraction 

1 

extract 

1 

M. 

2 

solution 

3 

analysis 

1 

cremation 

1 

eyes 

1 

medicine 

1 

spelling 

1 

apparatus 

5 

crystallization 

1 

fermentation 

2 

mercury 

1 

spirits 

11 

atmosphere 

1 

destructive 

1 

fever 

1 

moonshine 

1 

stars 

2 

beaker 

(1) 

1 

dew 

9 

filter  (1) 

8 

oil 

1 

steam  (2) 

21 

beer 

5 

dilation 

1 

filter  paper 

1 

oils 

1 

still  (2) 

10 

blood 

(1) 

1 

distance 

1 

filtration 

3 

percentage 

1 

sublimation  (1) 

1 

boil 

3 

distant 

1 

flask  (1) 

12 

percolation 

1 

sugar 

1 

boiler 

(1) 

1 

distend 

1 

fluid 

3 

physics 

9 

sulphuric 

1 

boiling 

(5) 

13 

distil 

5 

fluids 

2 

pouring 

1 

superior 

1 

booze 

1 

distillate 

(2) 

2 

fraction 

3 

precipitate 

1 

swamp 

1 

bottle 

(1) 

5 

distilled 

2 

fractional  (1) 

15 

pressure 

1 

swelling 

1 

Bourbon 

1 

distillery 

6 

fractionating 

1 

pressures 

1 

swollen 

1 

brandy 

2 

distilling 

(1) 

2 

fractionation  (1)  2 

process 

7 

temperature 

1 

brewery 

(1) 

11 

drink 

1 

gas 

3 

product 

1 

titration  (1) 

1 

brewing 

2 

drinking 

1 

heat 

7 

professor 

1 

tube 

2 

bromide 

1 

drop 

2 

heart 

1 

proximity 

1 

tubes 

1 

carboy 

1 

drops 

(1) 

4 

h2o 

1 

pure 

3 

vacuum 

1 

cell 

1 

drug  store 

1 

hydraulic 

1 

purification 

(1)  10 

vapor  (5)12 

change 

1 

drying 

1 

improvement  (1)  1 

purify 

5 

vaporization 

1 

chemical 

2 

ebullition 

(1) 

1 

inflated 

1 

purifying 

2 

vaporize 

1 

chemistry 

(8) 

96 

electricity 

1 

inhalation  (1) 

1 

purity 

(1) 

4 

volatility 

1 

cider 

2 

enlarge 

1 

instillatiort 

1 

reduction 

2 

volatilization 

1 

clear 

1 

essence 

2 

Kentucky 

1 

refining 

1 

volume 

1 

coagulation 

(1) 

2 

ether 

1 

laboratory  (2) 

3 

research 

(1) 

1 

water  (20)  258 

coffee 

1 

evaporation  (5) 

18 

line 

1 

retort 

(1) 

10 

whiskey  (11) 

98 

coil 

1 

exhalation 

3 

liquid  (2) 

12 

rye 

1 

wine 

8 

concentration 

1 

expanding 

2 

liquidation 

1 

science 

2 

wines 

1 

condensation 

10 

expansion 

1 

liquids 

5 

separating 

1 

work 

1 

(3) 

experiment 

3 

liquification 

1 

separation 

5 

worm 

1 

condenser 

(1) 

4 

extend 

1 

liquor  (1) 

32 

sifting 

1 

yeasts  (1) 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT  39 

49.  POLLEN. 

Individuality  Frequency,  54. 


Failure  Frequency,  4. 


anther  (4) 

11 

cross 

hay  fever 

(1) 

5 

plantago 

1 

sperm 

1 

anthers 

1 

fertilization 

1 

Holland 

1 

plants 

(3) 

23 

spore 

1 

Apollum 

1 

daffodils 

1 

honey 

3 

Poland 

2 

spring 

(1) 

2 

bee 

(3) 

32 

dust  (3) 

17 

insect 

1 

polyandry 

2 

sprout 

1 

bees 

16 

Dutch 

1 

insects 

(1) 

4 

pool 

1 

stamen 

(3) 

27 

beeswax 

1 

fecundation 

1 

leaf 

1 

poppy 

2 

stamens 

2 

Belguim 

(1) 

1 

fertility 

1 

life 

1 

powder 

(1) 

12 

stigma 

(1) 

9 

biology 

2 

fertilization  (4) 

16 

lily 

3 

reproduction 

3 

tassel 

1 

botany 

(6) 

73 

fertilize 

I 

lycopodium 

1 

return 

1 

tube 

(2) 

5 

bumble  bee 

1 

fish 

1 

male 

2 

rhododendrons 

1 

vegetation 

1 

butterfly 

1 

flower  (36)  419 

M. 

1 

(1) 

water 

2 

Campbell 

1 

flowers  (4) 

99 

ovule 

0) 

3 

rose 

1 

weeds 

1 

carrying 

1 

garden 

1 

pallial 

1 

scatter 

1 

wheat 

1 

college 

1 

germination 

1 

paper 

1 

seed 

(2) 

14 

wind 

1 

color 

1 

gold 

1 

petals 

1 

semen 

(1) 

2 

yellow 

18 

C. 

1 

grain  (1) 

12 

picture 

1 

serum 

1 

yellow 

dust 

2 

core 

1 

grains 

3 

pistil 

6 

smell 

(1) 

1 

yellow 

powder 

1 

corn 

8 

granules 

1 

plant 

(18) 

82 

soft 

1 

(1) 

corn  pollen 

1 

Greek 

1 

50.  PENINSULA. 

Individuality  Frequency,  68. 
Failure  Frequency,  3. 


Alaska 

1 

dirt 

1 

land  (14) 

172 

Ohio 

1 

sharp 

1 

America 

1 

Dover 

1 

land  forms 

1 

oriental 

1 

Sinai 

(1) 

1 

amoena 

(1) 

1 

estuary 

1 

Leland  Stanford  1 

Panama 

10 

sound 

1 

arm 

1 

extension 

2 

Lower 

paper 

1 

south 

1 

bay 

(1) 

5 

Florida 

(6) 

64 

California 

1 

pen 

1 

South  America 

2 

body  of  land 

1 

form 

2 

Madagascar 

1 

peninsula 

1 

Southern 

boot 

1 

Gallipoli 

1 

Magellan 

2 

penning 

1 

California 

2 

California 

1 

geography  (10)  128 

mainland 

1 

Pennsylvania 

1 

Spain 

(3) 

33 

campaign 

5 

German 

1 

Malay 

(1) 

4 

physical 

Spanish 

5 

cape 

(4) 

35 

Gibraltar 

2 

map 

(2) 

16 

geography 

1 

spit 

(1) 

1 

Cape  Cod 

(1) 

6 

Good  Hope 

1 

Massachusetts 

1 

physiography 

1 

strait 

(4) 

22 

Cape  Horn 

1 

Greece 

3 

Mexican 

1 

point  (2) 

17 

straits 

2 

Chesapeake 

1 

gulf 

2 

Mexico 

1 

point  of  land 

1 

stretch 

1 

connection 

1 

headland 

1 

Michigan 

(1) 

9 

Portugal 

2 

thin 

1 

continent 

(1) 

3 

Iberian 

(1) 

4 

milk 

1 

projection 

6 

tongue 

1 

Corea 

1 

island  (25) 

210 

Miseno 

1 

river 

1 

triangle 

1 

Cornwall 

1 

isthmlus 

(2) 

22 

narrow 

2 

Sagamore 

1 

upper 

2 

country 

2 

Italy 

(3) 

18 

neck 

(2) 

19 

sand 

1 

Virginia 

1 

Crimea 

1 

Jamestown 

1 

neck  of 

San  Francisco 

1 

war 

(1) 

1 

delightful 

1 

jutting 

1 

land 

(1) 

1 

San  Mateo 

1 

water 

(6) 

55 

Denmark 

2 

Kiau-Chow 

1 

New  York 

(1) 

1 

Scandinavia 

3 

work 

1 

description 

(1) 

1 

Korea 

1 

Norway 

1 

sea  ( 1 ) 

9 

York 

1 

diagram 

1 

Labrador 

2 

ocean 

(1) 

8 

shape  (1) 

2 

Yucatan 

(1) 

8 

Si.  BINOMIAL. 

Individuality  Frequency,  63. 
Failure  Frequency,  6. 


accuracy  (1) 

1 

curve 

3 

grammar 

2 

number 

(1) 

12 

s. 

2 

algebra  (7) 

118 

decimal 

1 

Greek 

1 

numbers 

5 

surd 

1 

algebraic 

1 

diurnal 

1 

G. 

1 

numeral 

1 

synonymous 

1 

angle 

1 

double 

(2) 

9 

half 

1 

one 

1 

system 

3 

annual 

1 

double  name 

1 

hyphen 

(1) 

1 

P. 

1 

term  (1) 

1 

arithmetic 

14 

dual 

2 

letters 

1 

physics 

1 

terms  (1) 

2 

bilateral 

1 

equation 

(1) 

13 

Linnaeus 

(3) 

6 

physiology 

1 

theorum  (54) 

510 

bimanual 

1 

expansion 

3 

logarithm 

(1) 

1 

polynomial 

(2) 

10 

theory 

28 

binocular 

1 

exponent 

2 

mathematical 

1 

power 

(1) 

1 

trinomial  (2) 

20 

biometric 

1 

factor 

1 

mathematics  (6) 

40 

problem 

1 

twice 

3 

biometrical 

1 

factors 

1 

memory 

1 

progression 

1 

two  (2) 

48 

bionomics 

1 

figure 

4 

monomial 

(1) 

6 

pseudonym 

1 

two  names 

2 

book 

1 

figures 

1 

multinomial 

1 

quadratic 

1 

two  number 

1 

botany 

1 

formula 

(1) 

3 

name 

(4) 

11 

quantity 

1 

two  numbers 

1 

calculus 

1 

fraction 

(1) 

18 

Newton 

(2) 

6 

school 

1 

two  parts 

1 

classification 

1 

fractions 

2 

noim 

1 

science 

1 

two  term 

1 

coefficient 

1 

genetics 

1 

nomenclature 

12 

sentence 

1 

unit 

1 

college 

1 

geometry 

(1) 

10 

(3) 

single 

1 

word 

2 

comic  sections 

1 

G. 

(1) 

1 

noun 

1 

study 

1 

zoology 

1 

cousin 

1 

glasses 

1 

40 


A.  J.  R0SAN0FF H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


52.  CRUSTACEAN. 

Individuality  Frequency,  93. 
Failure  Frequency,  7. 


age 

7 

classification 

2 

fat 

1 

low  life 

1 

scale 

1 

amphibian 

2 

coagulation 

1 

fish 

(1) 

26 

mineralogy 

1 

school 

2 

amphibious 

1 

coating  over 

1 

flower 

2 

mollusc  (8) 

42 

science 

(1) 

5 

amphipod 

1 

copapod 

1 

fluid 

1 

molluscan 

1 

scum 

1 

anatomy 

1 

coral 

3 

fossil 

1 

molluscs 

1 

sea 

5 

animal 

(6) 

69 

covering 

2 

Friday  Harbor 

1 

moon 

1 

sea  shore 

1 

animals 

1 

crab  (22)  139 

frog 

1 

moult 

1 

seek 

1 

annelid 

1 

crabs  (2) 

S 

frustration 

(1) 

1 

mud 

1 

shell 

(8) 

76 

anthropology 

1 

crank 

1 

geography 

3 

ocean 

1 

shelled 

2 

antique 

1 

crater 

2 

geological 

1 

organism 

2 

shell  fish 

(4) 

20 

appendage 

(1) 

1 

crawfish  (2) 

10 

geology 

66 

origins  (1) 

1 

shells 

(2) 

8 

apple 

1 

crayfish  (5) 

37 

hard 

(3) 

16 

oyster 

10 

shelly 

1 

arthropod 

(1) 

7 

crossing 

1 

hardening 

4 

oysters 

1 

ship 

1 

arthropods 

1 

crushing 

1 

hardness 

1 

paleontology 

1 

shrimp 

1 

astacus 

1 

crust  (1) 

28 

horseshoe 

crab 

1 

parasite 

1 

snail 

2 

baked 

1 

Crustacea 

1 

incrustation 

1 

period 

8 

snails 

1 

barnacle 

2 

crusty 

2 

insect 

(1) 

7 

physics 

1 

solution 

1 

biological 

1 

crystal 

4 

insects 

1 

physiology 

1 

star  fish 

2 

biology 

(1) 

30 

crystallization 

3 

invertebrate  (1) 

1  6 

pie 

1 

study 

1 

bone 

3 

crystallography 

1 

isopod 

2 

plant 

4 

surface 

7 

break 

1 

crystallize 

1 

K. 

1 

pollen 

1 

swamp 

1 

bugs 

1 

crystals 

1 

laboratory 

1 

primitive 

2 

temper 

1 

calcium 

1 

development  (1)  1 

land 

2 

pristine 

1 

thick 

1 

cambarus 

1 

D. 

1 

lava 

1 

protozoon 

1 

thickening 

1 

carapace 

1 

dinosaur  (  1) 

1 

legs 

1 

rain 

1 

turtle 

4 

cephalopod 

1 

early 

1 

life 

(1) 

5 

rock 

4 

vertebrate 

3 

cerulean 

1 

earth 

47 

liquid 

1 

rocks 

6 

water 

2 

chrysanthemum 

1 

edge 

1 

lobster 

(15) 

88 

roughness 

1 

white 

1 

clam 

(1) 

6 

encrusted 

2 

lobsters 

(2) 

4 

rough  surface 

1 

worm 

1 

clams 

(1) 

3 

entomostracan 

1 

lower  animals 

1 

salt 

1 

zoology 

(5) 

37 

class 

2 

exoskeleton 

1 

(1) 

S3-  BONAPARTE. 


Individuality  Frequency,  61. 

Failure  Frequency, 

0. 

Alps 

1 

D. 

(1) 

1 

guinea  pig 

1 

name 

1 

soldier 

5 

ambition 

2 

Elba 

(1) 

4 

H. 

1 

Napoleon  (45)  559 

Spanish 

1 

Antoinette 

1 

emperor 

(1) 

2 

hat 

1 

N. 

1 

story 

1 

army 

1 

England 

1 

Helena 

(1) 

3 

niche 

1 

strength 

1 

battle 

6 

Europe 

1 

hero 

2 

painting 

1 

successful 

1 

Beauharnais 

1 

explorer 

1 

history 

(2) 

16 

Paris  (2) 

3 

tomb 

1 

Blenkins 

1 

fate 

1 

horse 

2 

picture 

3 

tyranny 

1 

bona  fide 

1 

father 

1 

Iowa 

1 

portrait 

1 

tyrant 

1 

bone 

1 

fool 

1 

island 

1 

rascal 

1 

victor 

1 

Boney 

1 

France 

(9) 

101 

joke 

1 

revolution  (1) 

2 

Victor  Hugo  (1)  1 

Bordentown 

1 

French 

(4) 

20 

Josephine 

7 

revolutionary 

1 

victory 

2 

Buonarotti 

1 

Frenchman 

1 

king 

1 

Rhine 

2 

W. 

1 

cartoon 

1 

French 

leader 

(1) 

1 

ruler 

1 

war 

(3) 

12 

Channing 

1 

Revolution 

2 

little 

(1) 

2 

Saint 

wars 

(1) 

1 

commander 

1 

gambler 

1 

Louis 

1 

Helena  (3) 

13 

Washington 

1 

C. 

1 

general 

(8) 

61 

Louise 

1 

short 

I 

Waterloo 

(9) 

66 

Cornwallis 

1 

genius 

4 

man 

(2) 

10 

Sicily 

1 

Wellington 

(3) 

14 

Corsica 

9 

gorgeous 

1 

Maryland 

1 

smallness 

1 

W. 

1 

Corsican  (1) 

3 

great 

2 

Moscow 

1 

54.  MERIDIAN. 

Individuality  Frequency,  83. 


Failure  Frequency,  1. 


across 

1 

chart 

1 

distance 

2 

geography 

(9)  128 

hot 

after 

1 

China 

1 

division 

2 

geology 

1 

hundredth 

afternoon 

1 

circle  ( 1 ) 

24 

divisional 

1 

globe 

(2) 

26 

imaginary 

altitude 

1 

circles 

1 

earth 

(6) 

50 

Greenwich 

(9) 

61 

imagination 

angle 

1 

cold 

1 

East  Boston 

1 

heat 

4 

Indianapolis 

arc 

1 

compass  (1) 

2 

elliptic 

(1) 

1 

heavens 

3 

Iowa 

artificial 

(1) 

1 

Connecticut 

2 

England 

1 

height 

2 

isogenism 

astronomy 

(5) 

21 

day 

2 

equator 

(3) 

55 

hemisphere 

(2) 

5 

isothermal 

axis 

1 

derivation 

1 

equinox 

(1) 

1 

high 

2 

land 

azimuth 

1 

diagram 

1 

first 

2 

hill 

(1) 

1 

latitude  < 

Boston 

1 

dial 

1 

forty-ninth 

1 

hops 

1 

line  (1 

center 

3 

diatom 

1 

Galileo 

1 

horizon 

1 

lines 

central 

1 

dies 

1 

geodesy 

1 

horizontal 

(1) 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


4i 


lodge 

1 

middle 

7 

physical 

sister 

1 

temperature 

1 

London 

2 

midway 

1 

geography 

1 

sky 

(2) 

7 

third 

1 

longitude 

(9) 

88 

Mississippi  (2) 

6 

physiography 

2 

south 

(1) 

3 

thirty-one 

longitudinal 

2 

navigation 

2 

physiology 

1 

South  America 

2 

degrees 

1 

magnet 

(1) 

1 

noon  (1) 

24 

place 

1 

southern 

1 

time 

(2) 

21 

magnetic 

1 

north 

3 

point 

1 

space 

1 

transit 

2 

map 

(1) 

26 

North  Pole 

1 

pole  (1) 

1 

sphere 

4 

tropic 

2 

measure 

2 

observation  (1) 

1 

post 

1 

standard 

2 

tropics 

1 

measurement  (1)  2 

observatory 

1 

prime  (1) 

7 

star 

3 

universe 

1 

medium 

1 

one  hundred 

sailing 

1 

state 

1 

voyage 

1 

Meredith 

1 

eightieth 

1 

Samoa 

1 

strait 

2 

Washington 

3 

Meriden 

2 

parallel  (7) 

52 

sea 

1 

straits 

1 

watch 

1 

meridian 

1 

parallels 

1 

seventy  (1) 

1 

street 

1 

world 

6 

Mercator 

1 

Paris 

1 

seventy-fifth 

1 

sun 

(3) 

23 

zenith 

(2) 

9 

merit 

1 

park  (1) 

1 

sextant 

1 

surface 

1 

zero 

1 

midday 

(1) 

3 

perpendicular 

1 

shadow 

1 

surveying 

(1) 

2 

0 

55- 

CHLOROPHYLL. 

Individuality  Frequency,  59. 

Failure  Frequency, 

33. 

acid 

(1) 

2 

chloral 

1 

gas 

3 

liquid 

2 

science 

3 

aesthetic 

1 

chloride 

1 

grain 

1 

L. 

1 

scientific 

1 

alcohol 

3 

chlorine 

2 

grains 

1 

magnesium 

1 

shell 

1 

algae 

(1) 

3 

chloroblast 

3 

granule  (1) 

3 

medicine 

13 

sleep 

3 

algebra 

1 

chloroblasts 

1 

granules 

4 

microscope 

1 

smell 

1 

amoeba 

1 

chloroform  (5)  121 

grass 

4 

milky 

1 

solution 

2 

anaesthesia 

1 

chlorogue 

1 

green  (36)  261 

name 

1 

spongy 

1 

anaesthetic 

2 

chlorosis 

1 

green  grass 

1 

odor 

2 

stain 

1 

antiseptic 

1 

color  (3) 

58 

green  leaves 

2 

part 

1 

stamen 

1 

apothecary 

1 

coloring 

12 

greenness 

2 

photosynthesis 

2 

starch 

6 

biology 

12 

composition  (1) 

1 

habit 

1 

(1) 

structure 

1 

blankness 

1 

disinfectant 

1 

haemoglobin  (1) 

2 

physician 

1 

substance 

1 

bodies 

3 

disinfected 

1 

hospital 

1 

physics 

1 

sun 

(1) 

2 

body 

(1) 

7 

doctor 

2 

interesting 

1 

physiology 

2 

sunlight 

(1) 

6 

botanical 

1 

drug 

4 

juice 

1 

pigment 

(1) 

2 

teacher 

1 

botany 

(3) 

42 

ether 

2 

laboratory 

1 

plant 

(12) 

76 

term 

1 

cell 

1 

fiber 

1 

leaf  (11) 

61 

plants 

(5) 

36 

tree 

1 

cells 

1 

flower  (4) 

42 

leaves  (7) 

26 

Poe 

1 

trees 

1 

cellulose 

1 

flowers 

7 

life 

1 

poison 

1 

tube 

1 

chemical 

7 

fluorescence 

1 

light  (1) 

2 

pollen 

1 

W. 

(1) 

3 

chemicals 

1 

food 

1 

lily 

1 

protoplasm 

2 

Xanthophyl 

1 

chemistry 

(2) 

40 

function 

1 

liniment 

1 

refraction 

1 

k6. 

TETRAHEDRON. 

Individuality  Frequency,  74. 

Failure  Frequency, 

22. 

algebra 

2 

decagon 

1 

hectahedron 

1 

pasteboard 

2 

solid 

(6) 

53 

angle 

8 

decahedron 

2 

helio 

1 

pentagon 

(1) 

2 

solid  geometry 

6 

angles 

2 

diagram 

4 

hexagon 

7 

pentagonal 

(1) 

1 

solids 

1 

animal 

3 

diamond  (1) 

1 

hexahedron  (1) 

4 

pentahedron 

1 

space 

1 

archaeology 

1 

dodecahedron  (1)3 

hexameter 

1 

plane 

1 

square 

(2) 

14 

arithmetic 

3 

drawing 

2 

hydra 

1 

plant 

1 

stereochemistry 

2 

arithmetical 

1 

edge 

1 

hydrometer 

1 

polygon  (1) 

21 

structure 

2 

article 

1 

eight  (1) 

4 

hypothesis 

1 

polyhedron 

(3) 

15 

sulphur 

1 

astronomy 

1 

evening 

1 

icosahedron  (1) 

7 

prism 

4 

surface 

2 

B. 

1 

figure  (S)  106 

instrument 

1 

puzzle 

1 

technology 

1 

beechnut 

1 

fine 

2 

irregular 

2 

pyramid 

(2) 

11 

ten 

1 

biology 

1 

five 

4 

isomerism  (1) 

2 

quadrahedron 

2 

tetahexahedron 

1 

blackboard 

1 

flower 

1 

isosceles  (1) 

8 

quadrilaetral 

1 

tetanus 

2 

block 

(2) 

11 

force 

1 

jelley  fish 

1 

quadruped 

1 

tetragonal 

1 

body 

3 

form  (5) 

25 

L. 

1 

rectangle 

(1) 

2 

tetrahedral 

1 

box  (2) 

4 

four  (7) 

55 

M. 

1 

red 

1 

tetrameter 

2 

carbohydrate  (1)  2 

four-side 

1 

many 

1 

rhombohedron 

1 

tetrapod 

1 

carbohydrates 

1 

four-sided  (1) 

7 

many  sided 

1 

rhomboid 

3 

Tetrazzini 

5 

carbon 

(3) 

8 

geography 

1 

mathematics  (1) 

32 

rock 

1 

text  book 

(1) 

2 

chemistry 

(2) 

5 

geology 

2 

measure 

1 

Sanhedrin 

1 

three 

9 

circle 

(1) 

1 

geometric 

5 

metric 

1 

school 

1 

titron 

1 

classroom 

1 

geometrical  (1) 

6 

mineralogy 

3 

science 

2 

tobacco 

1 

complexity 

1 

geometrical 

model 

2 

seven 

2 

triangle 

(3) 

25 

cone 

1 

figure 

3 

nucleus 

1 

sextrahedron 

1 

trigonometry 

12 

coordinate 

2 

geometric  figure 

>  1 

object 

3 

shape 

(4) 

18 

(1) 

crystal 

(9) 

28 

geometry  (14)  249 

octagon 

2 

sides 

(1) 

4 

trihedral 

1 

crystallography 

8 

Greek 

3 

octahedron  (1) 

12 

singer 

1 

virtues 

1 

(3) 

G.  (1) 

1 

ox 

1 

six 

(1) 

3 

volume 

2 

crystals 

(3) 

6 

group  (1) 

1 

oxyhedron 

1 

six-sided 

1 

water 

1 

cube 

(1) 

8 

head 

1 

parallelogram 

2 

size 

2 

worm 

1 

cylinder 

1 

heat 

1 

parallelopiped 

2 

42 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


57.  MADAGASCAR. 


Individuality  Frequency,  101. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


Africa  (18) 

143 

continent 

1 

island  (44) 

361 

nation 

i 

southern 

l 

Alaska 

1 

country 

(4) 

26 

ivory 

1 

native 

3 

Spain  (1) 

21 

alligator 

1 

Cuba 

1 

Jaffa 

1 

natives 

1 

spices 

1 

America 

1 

dark 

1 

Japan 

1 

negro 

9 

sporotrichosis 

1 

ape 

1 

discoverer 

1 

Jerusalem 

3 

negroes 

2 

state 

2 

Asia 

1 

dodo 

(1) 

1 

king 

(1) 

1 

niggers 

1 

strait  (3) 

59 

Australia 

4 

dummy 

1 

Labrador 

1 

ocean 

1 

straits  (2) 

37 

automobile 

1 

eastern 

1 

land 

10 

oranges 

1 

sword 

1 

awk 

1 

England 

(1) 

2 

lascar 

2 

orient 

2 

Tamerlane 

1 

aye-aye 

1 

English 

1 

lemur 

(1) 

1 

peninsula  (1) 

10 

Tananarivo 

1 

Balboa 

1 

entomology 

1 

lemurs 

1 

people 

1 

Tasmania 

1 

bay 

18 

Europe 

1 

madrigal 

1 

picture 

1 

Tierra  del 

Bernadotte 

1 

exploration 

2 

Magellan 

5 

place 

5 

Fuego 

1 

black 

1 

explorer 

2 

maid 

1 

Portugal 

2 

town 

1 

blacks 

1 

flora 

1 

Maine 

1 

province 

1 

travel  (1) 

2 

Borneo 

2 

foreign 

2 

Malay 

3 

queen 

1 

troiss 

Britain 

1 

F. 

(1) 

1 

man 

1 

races 

1 

gudheen 

1 

British 

1 

France 

(2) 

15 

Mandalay 

1 

Ravalona  (1) 

1 

tropics 

1 

cannibal 

1 

Freiligrath 

1 

map 

(2) 

15 

region 

1 

Turkey 

1 

cannibals 

1 

French 

(3) 

17 

matting 

1 

remote 

1 

W. 

1 

cape 

8 

geography 

(5) 

61 

Mauritius 

2 

round  island 

1 

W. 

1 

Ceylon 

1 

Gibraltar 

1 

metaphysics 

1 

savages 

2 

war 

1 

channel 

1 

globe 

1 

mission 

1 

Saint  Pierre 

1 

water 

5 

charades 

1 

grapes 

1 

missionary 

2 

scramble  (1) 

1 

wine 

2 

Chili 

1 

Greenland 

1 

moa 

1 

sea 

4 

woolly  Indians 

1 

city 

5 

heathen 

2 

monkey 

2 

Senegambia 

1 

word  (1) 

1 

cloth 

1 

Helgoland 

(1) 

1 

Moor 

1 

Slocum 

1 

yellow 

1 

coast 

1 

history 

2 

Morocco 

1 

south 

2 

Zanzibar  (1) 

3 

colonization 

1 

Hova 

(1) 

1 

Mozambique  (2)  2 

South  Africa  (1)  2 

zoography 

1 

colony 

1 

India 

1 

Napoleon 

1 

South  America 

4 

Zulu 

1 

colored 

2 

■  -  •! 

•;-j  i 

58.  COROLLA. 

Individuality  Frequency 

',  104. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(3)  75. 

ambition 

1 

C. 

1 

fringe 

(1) 

1 

Newton 

(1) 

1 

sea 

2 

analogy 

1 

coral 

(1) 

37 

gem 

1 

ocean 

(1) 

1 

seed 

(1) 

1 

ancient  history 

1 

corals 

6 

geological 

1 

painter 

1 

sepal 

(1) 

3 

animal 

3 

Corelli 

1 

geometry 

9 

painting 

1 

sepals 

1 

aster 

1 

cornea 

1 

gorilla 

1 

pansy 

1 

shape 

1 

astronomical 

1 

corollary 

(1) 

37 

grammar 

1 

part 

1 

similar 

1 

astronomy 

6 

corona 

(4) 

21 

guerilla 

1 

penumbra 

1 

snake 

2 

aurora  borealis 

1 

coronen 

1 

halo 

1 

perianth 

(2) 

4 

Sorella 

1 

(1) 

corral 

2 

head 

1 

petal 

(6) 

26 

sound 

1 

beauty 

1 

correlate 

1 

hypothesis 

1 

petals 

17 

Spain 

2 

bee  (1) 

1 

correlative 

2 

infer 

1 

petiole 

1 

Spanish 

1 

biology 

3 

correspond 

1 

insect 

0) 

2 

physiology 

1 

spermifites 

(1) 

1 

blossom 

2 

covering 

1 

island 

3 

pink 

1 

spiked 

1 

boat 

1 

crown 

(2) 

21 

Koran 

(1) 

1 

pistil 

(1) 

10 

stamen 

(1) 

7 

body 

2 

crowned 

1 

Latin 

1 

pistils 

1 

stamens 

(1) 

6 

bone  (1) 

1 

cruller 

(1) 

2 

light 

3 

plant 

(8) 

47 

star 

4 

borealis 

2 

crullers 

1 

lily 

3 

plantago 

1 

stem 

1 

botanical  (1) 

2 

cup-shaped 

1 

logic 

1 

plants 

(1) 

5 

stone 

1 

botany  (3) 

54 

curve 

1 

L. 

1 

pollen 

(2) 

8 

sun 

(4) 

25 

calyx  (6) 

41 

daisy 

2 

L. 

1 

Porto  Rico 

1 

supplement 

1 

carol 

1 

derivation 

1 

marble 

1 

principle 

1 

teacher 

1 

C. 

1 

diagram 

1 

M. 

1 

pronounciation 

1 

technical 

1 

cerebellum 

1 

disease 

1 

mathematics 

2 

(1) 

theorum 

3 

cheese 

1 

dogwood 

1 

Mexican 

1 

queer 

1 

together 

1 

chlorophyll 

1 

enclosure 

1 

moon 

(1) 

4 

red 

(1) 

2 

tooth-paste 

1 

chorea 

1 

envelope 

1 

morning  glory 

2 

reef 

1 

triangle 

1 

circle 

5 

Esse 

1 

morphology 

(1) 

1 

resulting 

1 

truth 

1 

cobra 

1 

eye 

8 

moth 

1 

ring 

3 

white 

2 

collar  (1) 

5 

fish 

1 

Naples 

1 

rocks 

1 

word 

1 

color 

6 

flower  (34)  ; 

330 

narcissus 

1 

R. 

1 

yellow 

1 

comma 

1 

flowers 

(1) 

13 

neck 

3 

science 

1 

zoology 

1 

copula 

1 

following 

1 

nerve 

0) 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


43 


59.  VENTRAL. 


Individuality  Frequency,  102. 
Failure  Frequency,  (3)  IS. 


abdomen 

(1) 

8 

column 

1 

heart  (5)  : 

124 

outside 

1 

top 

2 

abdominal 

5 

come 

1 

hernia 

4 

pericardium 

1 

towards  me 

1 

aboral 

1 

cord 

(1) 

1 

hole 

1 

peripheral 

(1) 

1 

tribobate 

1 

above 

1 

crayfish 

1 

hollow 

1 

peritoneum 

1 

tube 

alimentary 

1 

cut 

1 

human 

1 

physical 

1 

tubercular 

1 

anatomy 

(1) 

12 

deep 

1 

hydroxygen 

1 

physiology 

30 

under 

(1) 

21 

animal 

(1) 

9 

diaphragm 

1 

internal 

1 

picture 

(1) 

1 

underneath 

(1) 

4 

anterior 

(1) 

4 

dictionary 

1 

intestinal 

1 

pin 

1 

under  side 

1 

aorta 

1 

digestion 

1 

intestines 

2 

position 

4 

upper 

1 

apex 

1 

door 

3 

island 

1 

posterior 

6 

valve 

(2) 

6 

artery 

1 

dorsal  (34)  201 

lateral 

4 

process 

1 

vein 

6 

aspect 

(1) 

2 

down 

(1) 

2 

leaf 

(1) 

1 

psychology 

1 

veins 

1 

atrocities 

1 

ear 

1 

leaves 

2 

rear 

1 

Venezuela 

1 

aural 

1 

earthworm 

1 

left 

11 

region 

1 

vent 

3 

auricle 

(1) 

11 

electrocardiogram  1 

lobe 

1 

right 

6 

ventil 

1 

back 

(2) 

21 

entrance 

2 

lobular 

1 

right 

6 

ventilate 

1 

being 

1 

exit 

3 

low 

1 

segment 

(1) 

7 

ventilation 

(1) 

2 

belly 

(7) 

21 

eye 

1 

lower 

(3) 

16 

segmentation 

1 

ventnor 

1 

below 

(1) 

6 

face 

1 

lungs 

2 

segments 

1 

ventres 

1 

beneath 

1 

facial 

1 

Marchantia 

1 

side 

(4) 

29 

ventricle 

m 

10 

B. 

1 

fan 

1 

median 

2 

sides 

2 

ventriloquism 

4 

biology 

(1) 

7 

fin 

5 

medical 

1 

sinistral 

(1) 

1 

ventriloquist  (1)20 

blood 

3 

fish 

3 

morphology 

1 

space 

1 

ventnmeter 

1 

body 

(2) 

18 

fixation 

1 

mouth 

1 

spinal 

2 

ventrix 

1 

botany 

1 

fiat 

1 

nerve 

3 

spine 

(1) 

1 

vertebrate 

1 

bottom 

2 

floor 

1 

nervous 

1 

sternal 

1 

vitriol 

1 

bowel 

1 

forward 

1 

nose 

1 

stomach 

(8) 

66 

voice 

2 

brain 

8 

frog 

3 

occipital 

1 

superior 

1 

vortex 

1 

bursting 

1 

front 

(3) 

35 

open 

1 

surface 

(1) 

9 

west 

1 

canal 

2 

fur 

1 

opening 

CD 

28 

surgery 

1 

wind 

23 

cavity 

(1) 

5 

gap 

1 

oral 

1 

suspension 

2 

window 

3 

cell 

1 

gastropods 

(1) 

1 

organ 

4 

system 

3 

zoological 

1 

centre 

1 

hadrome 

1 

orifice 

(1) 

2 

teacher 

1 

zoology 

4 

central 

(1) 

2 

half 

1 

outlet 

1 

throat 

2 

60.  BELGIUM. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

84. 

Failure  Frequency,  1. 

accident 

1 

country 

(9) 

92 

history 

1 

Mons 

1 

soldier 

5 

Albert 

(2) 

10 

crime 

1 

Holland 

(16)  : 

LOO 

murder 

1 

soldiers 

2 

allies 

(1) 

1 

cruelty 

1 

homeless 

1 

Napoleon 

1 

Spain 

12 

anguish 

1 

destroyed 

1 

horror 

(2) 

5 

nation 

4 

starvation 

1 

Antwerp 

7 

destruction 

4 

horrors 

(1) 

3 

Netherlands 

5 

state 

(2) 

9 

army 

(1) 

1 

devastation 

1 

hunger 

1 

neutral 

2 

strike 

2 

atrocities 

5 

disaster 

1 

hungry 

1 

neutrality 

7 

suffer 

1 

atrocity 

4 

dog 

(1) 

1 

invasion 

1 

oppression 

2 

sufferers 

2 

Austria 

1 

Dutch 

2 

island 

2 

outrage 

(1) 

1 

suffering 

(1) 

15 

bank 

1 

England 

3 

Italy 

1 

painting 

1 

sufferings 

1 

battle 

(1) 

3 

Europe 

(5) 

51 

Kaiser 

5 

peace 

1 

Swede 

1 

battles 

1 

European 

1 

king 

5 

people 

5 

Switzerland 

1 

Belgae 

1 

famine 

1 

King  Albert 

2 

pillage 

1 

tragedy 

1 

Belgian 

3 

Flanders 

1 

knitting 

(1) 

3 

plain 

1 

treaty 

2 

bellicose 

1 

foreign 

1 

lace 

1 

politics 

1 

troops 

1 

black 

1 

France 

(1) 

29 

land 

(2) 

7 

poor 

3 

trouble 

2 

brave 

2 

Francois 

1 

lavender 

1 

Portugal 

1 

Turkey 

1 

bravery 

3 

French 

2 

Leopold 

(2) 

20 

present  war 

1 

uniforms 

(1) 

1 

bravest 

1 

Gaul 

1 

Liege 

(1) 

8 

Prussian 

(1) 

1 

university 

(1) 

1 

Brussels  (10) 

33 

Gembloux 

1 

location 

(1) 

1 

queen 

1 

valor 

1 

Caesar 

1 

geography 

(2) 

10 

Louvain 

9 

refugee 

(1) 

6 

violation 

1 

calamity 

1 

German 

(1) 

6 

low 

(1) 

1 

refugees 

(1) 

1 

Wales 

1 

canals 

1 

Germans 

(1) 

7 

Maeterlinck  ' 

1 

relief 

13 

war  (20) 

286 

Cerfontaine 

1 

Germany 

(3) 

53 

map 

(1) 

13 

rubber 

1 

warfare 

1 

Chamisso 

(1) 

1 

glass 

1 

massacre 

1 

small 

1 

Waterloo 

(1) 

5 

city 

(1) 

1 

government 

2 

minds 

1 

smallness 

1 

W. 

(1) 

1 

Congo 

3 

hare 

(1) 

6 

misery 

2 

smashed 

1 

Wilhelm 

1 

contribution 

1 

hares 

1 

misfortune 

1 

socks 

1 

woe 

1 

cooperation 

1 

hell 

2 

44 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


61.  TANGENT. 


Individuality  Frequency,  74. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


across 

1 

curve 

(3) 

16 

going  off 

1 

plain 

1 

straight 

5 

adjacent 

2 

derivative 

1 

go  off  on  (1) 

1 

procession 

1 

stretching 

(1) 

1 

adjoining 

1 

deviation 

2 

hanging 

1 

projection 

1 

surveying 

1 

aeroplane 

1 

diagram 

(1) 

2 

Heidelberg 

1 

queer 

(1) 

1 

tangential 

4 

against 

1 

different 

2 

hypothenuse 

1 

radial 

(2) 

2 

tangerine 

1 

anger 

2 

differential 

1 

idiosyncracy 

1 

radiating 

1 

tango 

2 

angle 

(3) 

17 

divergence 

1 

joining 

1 

radius 

5 

tantrum 

2 

angles 

1 

drawing 

1 

junction 

1 

railroad 

1 

T. 

1 

arc 

(1) 

1 

drunk 

1 

life 

1 

railroads 

1 

temper 

2 

at 

1 

Emma 

1 

line  (9) 

110 

ratio 

(1) 

1 

tetrahedron 

1 

away 

2 

even 

1 

lines 

1 

rays 

(1) 

1 

text-book 

1 

bicycle 

1 

falling 

1 

mathematics  (3)  21 

relation 

(1) 

1 

time 

1 

branching 

1 

figure 

4 

mistake 

1 

right  angle 

1 

to 

1 

chord 

1 

figures 

1 

movement 

1 

secant 

(ID 

81 

touch 

(1) 

12 

circle 

(22)  : 

249 

flag 

1 

near 

1 

section 

2 

touching 

(1) 

20 

circles 

1 

flying 

4 

nearness 

1 

show 

1 

tracing 

1 

circumference 

4 

flying  off 

1 

next 

1 

side 

7 

triangle 

(1) 

8 

(1) 

force 

1 

oblique 

2 

sine 

(5) 

22 

trigonometry  (8)  76 

close 

2 

function 

(1) 

2 

of  a  circle 

1 

slant 

3 

unite 

1 

comet 

1 

galvanometer 

2 

off 

6 

sling 

1 

vicinity 

1 

contact 

1 

geometrical 

1 

offshoot 

2 

sphere 

2 

V. 

1 

cosecant 

(2) 

14 

geometry 

(6) 

107 

opposite 

1 

steel 

1 

wheel 

2 

cosine 

(3) 

9 

G. 

1 

physics 

2 

stick 

1 

wild 

1 

cotangent 

GO) 

84 

going 

1 

picture 

1 

62.  DORSAL. 

Individuality  Frequency,  62. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(1)  10. 

abdominal 

1 

direction 

1 

left 

2 

physiological 

1 

stomach 

1 

above 

(1) 

5 

docile 

3 

lower 

1 

physiology 

19 

straight 

1 

anatomy 

(2) 

11 

door 

2 

lumbar 

1 

position 

(1) 

4 

surface 

(1) 

3 

animal 

(1) 

4 

door-sill 

(1) 

2 

lung 

1 

posterior 

(1) 

7 

tail 

1 

anterior 

3 

door-step 

1 

lungs 

1 

psychology 

2 

teacher 

1 

architect 

1 

D. 

2 

man 

1 

quiet 

4 

thin 

1 

aspect 

(1) 

4 

D. 

1 

manikin 

(1) 

1 

radial 

1 

top 

7 

back 

(24)  ; 

270 

D. 

1 

medicine 

1 

rear 

3 

under 

3 

backbone 

(2) 

7 

entrance 

1 

meek 

1 

right 

2 

up 

(1) 

1 

behind 

1 

fin 

(8) 

103 

membrane 

2 

science 

2 

upper 

(3) 

21 

below 

1 

fins 

3 

metatarsal 

1 

section 

1 

upper  side 

1 

biology 

(1) 

6 

fish 

21 

mind 

1 

shark 

(1) 

5 

valve 

(1) 

1 

body 

6 

flesh 

1 

motion 

1 

sharks 

(1) 

1 

vein 

3 

bone 

9 

foot 

1 

muscle 

3 

side 

(3) 

17 

ventral  (34)  ; 

243 

bones 

1 

frog 

2 

nerve 

(1) 

3 

skull 

1 

vertebra 

(1) 

17 

botany 

1 

front 

6 

nerves 

1 

sleep 

1 

vertebrae 

(2) 

29 

brain 

2 

frontal 

2 

nose 

1 

slit 

1 

vertebrate 

9 

breathing 

1 

geology 

1 

opening 

1 

snake 

1 

vertebrates 

1 

canal 

1 

grasshopper 

2 

opposite 

(1) 

1 

soft 

1 

waist 

1 

cavity 

4 

head 

2 

paleontology 

1 

spinal 

5 

whale 

6 

charts 

1 

heart 

(1) 

6 

part 

1 

spinal  cord 

1 

worm 

1 

column 

(1) 

3 

horseback 

(1) 

1 

peace 

1 

spine 

12 

zoology 

3 

cord 

(1) 

1 

jamb 

1 

physical 

2 

spiny 

1 

curve 

1 

leaf 

(1) 

1 

advertisement 

1 

amorphous 

(1) 

63.  COLLOID. 

Individuality  Frequency,  168. 
Failure  Frequency,  (1)  141. 

2  bone  12  celloidin 

1 

cholera 

1 

albumen  (3) 

9 

analysis 

1 

bones 

1  celluline 

(1)  1 

chromogen 

1 

albuminoid  ( 1 ) 

1 

anatomy 

4 

botany 

1  celluloid 

66 

circle 

1 

albuminous 

1 

arrow 

1 

c. 

1  cellulose 

1 

circus 

1 

alcohol 

2 

artery 

1 

calor 

1  cement 

1 

class 

1 

alloid 

2 

asteroid 

1 

calyx 

1  chemical 

13 

clouded 

1 

alloy 

1 

balloon 

1 

carbohydrate 

1  chemistry  (12)  132 

coagulate 

2 

aluminum 

biology 

(1) 

8 

carload 

1  chloral 

1 

coagulation 

2 

hydrate 

1 

blood 

(1) 

2 

casein  (1) 

1  chlorophyll 

1 

coal  oil 

1 

amoeba  (1) 

1 

body 

4 

cell  (1) 

8  chocolate 

1 

coat 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


45 


Coliseum 

1 

diffusion 

(1) 

1 

isinglass 

1 

parchment 

1 

spheroid 

1 

collar 

29 

drug 

2 

isocolloid 

1 

particle 

(1) 

3 

spiral 

1 

collar  bone 

1 

drugs 

1 

jelly 

(9) 

28 

particles 

(1) 

1 

starch 

(1) 

7 

collate 

1 

dynamite 

1 

jelly-like 

1 

pasty 

(1) 

1 

state 

(1) 

1 

collateral 

1 

egg 

5 

joke 

1 

pen 

1 

sticky 

5 

colleague 

1 

egg-white 

1 

K. 

1 

penetrable 

1 

stiff 

1 

collection 

1 

electrolyte 

1 

Kipling 

1 

physics 

2 

stiffness 

1 

college 

2 

enzyme 

1 

L. 

1 

physiology 

10 

structure 

1 

collide 

4 

ether 

1 

large 

1 

pigment 

1 

study 

1 

collision 

1 

eye 

1 

lipoid 

1 

plant 

2 

substance 

(3) 

22 

collodic 

1 

fat 

2 

lipoids 

1 

plate 

1 

sugar 

1 

collodion 

4 

ferric  hydroxide 

1 

liquid 

5 

precipitate 

6 

surface  tensmn 

1 

collodium  (1) 

7 

film 

1 

L. 

1 

precipitation 

2 

CD 

colloidal 

2 

filter 

1 

L. 

(1) 

1 

preparation 

1 

suspension 

6 

collop 

1 

F. 

1 

mass 

2 

process 

3 

suspensions 

(1) 

1 

collusion 

1 

fluid 

(1) 

1 

mastoid 

1 

proteid 

3 

system 

(1) 

1 

colon 

1 

food 

1 

material 

3 

protein 

(1) 

3 

tabloid 

1 

color  (1) 

8 

form 

3 

matter 

1 

protoplasm 

(3) 

9 

talcum 

1 

columbine 

1 

gel 

2 

medical 

2 

purification 

1 

tar 

1 

column 

8 

gelatin 

(3) 

8 

medicine 

5 

rhomboid 

1 

teacher 

1 

columnar 

1 

gelatinous 

5 

member 

1 

science 

5 

telelology  ( 

U) 

1 

combination 

1 

geology 

1 

membrane 

(1) 

8 

scientific 

1 

term 

1 

compound 

3 

geometry 

2 

metal 

2 

scollop 

1 

thick 

(1) 

11 

condition 

2 

glue 

(3)  : 

11 

milk 

(1) 

2 

semi-permeable 

throat 

1 

conjunction 

1 

glue-like 

1 

mineral 

1 

membrane 

1 

thyroid 

(1) 

4 

cool 

1 

gluey 

(1) 

1 

mixture 

(1) 

6 

sewage 

6 

thyroid  gland 

1 

copper 

1 

goitre 

1 

molasses 

1 

shape 

1 

tissue 

4 

coral 

1 

gold 

(1) 

8 

molecule 

2 

shapeless 

1 

together 

2 

covering 

1 

G. 

(1) 

3 

motion 

(1) 

1 

silica 

2 

translucent 

1 

crown 

1 

Greek 

1 

mucilage 

1 

silver 

1 

tumor 

1 

crystal  (2) 

5 

green 

(1) 

1 

mucoid 

1 

skin 

1 

turbidity 

(1) 

1 

crystalline  (1) 

3 

gum 

(1) 

2 

mucus 

1 

sky 

1 

turning 

1 

crystallization 

1 

hand 

1 

muscle 

1 

small 

(1) 

2 

uncrystalline 

1 

crystallize 

1 

hanging 

1 

neck 

5 

smoke 

1 

unfilterable 

1 

crystalloid  (10)  38 

hard 

2 

nerve 

(1) 

1 

society 

1 

unmixable 

1 

cylinder 

1 

haziness 

1 

non-diffusible 

1 

soft 

2 

viscous 

(1) 

2, 

dense 

1 

heat 

3 

nothing 

2 

soil 

1 

water 

1 

derivation 

1 

human  body 

1 

oil 

1 

sol 

1 

weed 

1 

derivative 

1 

immunity 

1 

osmosis 

(2) 

4 

solid 

3 

wood 

1 

dialysis 

1 

impenetrable  (1) 

1 

O. 

6 

solution 

(9) 

34 

word 

1 

dictionary 

1 

insoluble 

3 

palladium 

1 

spelling 

1 

zoology 

$ 

dietetics 

1 

iron 

2 

64.  EQUATOR. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

77. 

Failure  Frequency, 

,  0. 

Africa 

(1) 

4 

crossing 

3 

hair 

1 

medium 

1 

side 

1 

Amazon 

3 

Cuba 

2 

half 

2 

Mercator 

1 

south 

14 

Ancient  Mariner  1 

curve 

2 

heat  (1) 

52 

meridian 

(8) 

64 

South  America 

13 

antipodes 

1 

declination 

(1) 

1 

hemisphere  (1) 

4 

Mexico 

3 

southern 

1 

apple 

1 

depression 

(1) 

1 

horizontal 

1 

middle 

(1) 

17 

sphere 

l 

astronomy 

1 

diameter 

3 

hot  (8) 

65 

middle  line 

1 

spheroid 

1 

axis 

(1) 

1 

distance 

2 

imaginary 

6 

midway 

2 

story 

1 

band 

1 

divides 

1 

imaginary  line 

2 

Neptune 

1 

substantive 

1 

basal 

1 

dividing 

2 

(U 

north 

1 

sun 

(1) 

14 

belt 

(1) 

6 

doldrums 

2 

imagination 

1 

North  Pole 

4 

Tahiti 

1 

black 

(1) 

1 

ducking 

1 

island 

1 

Panama 

7 

temperate 

(1) 

1 

Borneo 

1 

earth  (15) 

160 

isthmus 

1 

parallel 

0) 

9 

torrid 

(2) 

12 

Brazil 

(1) 

10 

Ecuador 

(2) 

7 

Java  (1) 

1 

Peary 

1 

torrid  zone 

1 

cacti 

1 

Egypt 

1 

jungle 

1 

Peru 

1 

tropic 

(1) 

9 

camel 

1 

encircle 

1 

Kipling 

1 

picture 

1 

tropical 

1 

Capricorn 

4 

equal 

6 

land 

1 

place 

2 

tropics 

(4) 

18 

Carribbean 

2 

equalizing 

(1) 

1 

latitude 

6 

pole 

(4) 

27 

Twain 

1 

center 

(2) 

24 

equation 

1 

line  (11)  147 

poles 

5 

vernal 

1 

central 

(1) 

8 

equator 

1 

localities 

1 

position 

1 

vessel 

1 

ceremony 

1 

equinox 

(1) 

5 

longitude 

1 

Quito 

2 

voyage 

1 

Chili 

2 

friend 

1 

luxuriant  (1) 

1 

quotation 

1 

warm 

5 

circle 

(9) 

32 

geographical 

1 

Magellan 

1 

race 

1 

warmth 

1 

circular 

1 

geography 

(5) 

55 

Malay 

1 

Roosevelt 

1 

world 

(1) 

15 

circumference  (1)  2 

girdle 

1 

map 

11 

round 

7 

zodiac 

Clemens 

1 

globe 

(4) 

26 

Mark  Twain  (2) 

4 

running 

1 

zone 

5 

climate 

1 

goal 

1 

mathematical  (1) 

i  1 

seed 

1 

zones 

l 

cold 

(1) 

1 

4 6  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


65.  JUDICIARY. 

Individuality  Frequency,  80. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


act 

1 

courtroom 

(1) 

3  Judas 

1  M. 

3 

Roosevelt 

(1) 

6 

action 

1 

courts 

(6) 

35  judge  (25)  271  Massachusetts 

1 

senate 

1 

administration 

2 

crime 

(1) 

2  judges 

(3) 

41  Me. 

1 

settlement 

(1) 

1 

.(1) 

C. 

1  judging 

3  men 

1 

state 

1 

administrative 

1 

decision 

1  judgment 

(2) 

1 1  midnight 

1 

supreme 

(1) 

6 

appointment 

1 

decisions 

(1) 

3  judicate 

1  military 

1 

supreme  court 

6 

authority 

1 

department 

7  j  udiffial 

(1) 

5  municipal 

1 

(3) 

awe 

1 

dignity 

2  judicious 

(1) 

2  Napoleon 

1 

systems 

1 

bad 

1 

election 

(1) 

1  jury 

(1) 

2  national 

2 

T. 

(1) 

7 

balance 

1 

English 

1  just 

1  nominations 

1 

terminology 

1 

bench  (1)  ] 

L  7 

equity 

3  justice 

(2) 

26  nominators 

(1) 

1 

T. 

1 

beneficiary 

2 

executive 

(1) 

23  law  (8)  129  office 

(1) 

3 

thief 

1 

body 

9 

false 

1  laws 

(1) 

4  peace 

1 

think 

1 

boy 

1 

federal 

(2) 

9  lawyer 

4  P. 

1 

trial 

(2) 

3 

B. 

1 

force 

1  lawyers 

1  police 

(1) 

1 

trials 

1 

B. 

1 

form 

1  legal 

(3) 

13  politics 

3 

tribunal 

2 

circuit 

1 

function 

(2) 

7  lega  lsystem 

1  power 

2 

unbiased 

1 

civics 

4 

government 

(5) 

40  legislation 

1  powers 

3 

usurpation 

1 

civil 

1 

governor 

1  legislative 

(3) 

15  proceedings 

1 

voting 

1 

civil  government  1 

graft 

2  legislature 

(1) 

8  progressive 

1 

war 

1 

commission 

1 

grave 

(1) 

1  level 

1  punishment 

1 

Washington 

2 

committee  (1) 

5 

G. 

1  L. 

1  recall 

(2) 

8 

W. 

2 

congress 

1 

hair 

1  L. 

1  referendum 

2 

W. 

1 

conservative 

1 

history 

1  lynch 

(1) 

1  reform 

(1) 

4 

wig 

1 

constitution 

1 

H. 

2  magistrate 

2  right 

1 

wigs 

1 

contrast 

1 

Japan 

1  man 

1  rightness 

1 

wise 

1 

court  (9)  142 

joke 

1  management 

1  robe 

1 

66.  SYNTHESIS. 

Individuality  Frequency,  123. 

Failure  Frequency,  14. 

action 

1 

chemotherapy  1  food 

1  mixing 

1 

science 

4 

addition  (2) 

4 

chlorophyll 

1  foot 

(1) 

1  molasses 

1  . 

sentence 

9 

adverb 

1 

coal  tar 

1  form 

1  Oneness 

1 

separate 

2 

agreement 

1 

coherence 

2  formation 

(1) 

5  opposite 

2 

separation 

4 

alcohol 

1 

cohesion 

3  fusion 

(1) 

1  opposition 

2 

similarity 

1 

algebra 

3 

collection 

4  gathering 

3  organic 

7 

skull 

1 

alike 

1 

combination  (5)  30  gems 

(1) 

1  organic  chemistry  1 

snarl 

1 

anabolism 

1 

combine 

1  glycocoll 

1  organization 

2 

spelling 

1 

analogy 

1 

combining 

(1) 

6  grammar 

(1) 

44  outline 

1 

Spencer 

1 

analysis  (38)  308 

comparison 

2  Greek 

2  parenthesis 

1 

starch 

(1) 

1 

analytics 

1 

complex 

(1) 

2  group 

1  part 

1 

substance 

(1) 

1 

analyze  (1) 

2 

compose 

1  grouping 

2  philosophy 

4 

substances 

1 

analine 

1 

composition 

(1) 

4  harmony 

2  photo 

2 

substitution 

1 

an  thesis 

2 

compound 

5  heat 

1  photosynthesis 

9 

sun 

1 

antithesis 

28 

compounding 

1  hoe 

1 

(1) 

symmetry 

2 

argument 

2 

compounds 

(1) 

1  hypothesis 

1  physics 

1 

sympathy 

1 

arrangement 

2 

conclusion 

1  integration 

1  picture 

1 

synchronistic 

1 

assemble 

2 

connection 

2  intellectual 

1  plant 

(1) 

2 

syncopate 

1 

assembling 

2 

connections 

1  j  oin 

1  plants 

1 

synopsis 

1 

association  , 

1 

construct 

1  joining 

6  preparation 

2 

syntax 

(2) 

24 

ball 

1 

construction 

12  Kant 

1  process 

(1) 

5 

synthetic 

8 

Bible 

1 

(1) 

katabolism 

1  production 

1 

system 

1 

biology 

'2 

contact 

1  laboratory 

(1) 

1  proteins 

3 

tearing 

1 

blending 

1 

coordination 

1  language 

1  psychology 

4 

text-book 

1 

bone 

1 

creature 

1  Latin 

1  psychosis 

1 

thesis 

1 

bones  -J 

1 

C. 

\ 

1  life 

1  pubes 

2 

think 

1 

botany 

2 

decomposition 

2  light 

4  put 

1 

thought 

1 

break 

1 

development 

1  likeness 

5  putting 

3 

titration 

1 

breaking 

1 

dialysis 

(1) 

3  line 

1  putting 

together 

(7) 

55 

build 

9 

diathesis 

(1) 

3  literature 

2  together  (1) 

14 

union 

(2) 

13 

building  (2) 

20 

dictionary 

2  logic 

12  put  together 

3 

unite 

1 

building  up 

4 

digestion 

1  make 

5  reaction 

(1) 

5 

uniting 

1 

carbohydrates 

1 

disintegration 

1  making 

(1) 

4  reasoning 

1 

upward 

1 

carbons 

1 

division 

5  manufacture 

3  reconstruction 

1 

urea 

2 

catabolism 

1 

dovetailing 

1  material 

1  relate 

1 

vanilla 

1 

cell 

1 

elaboration 

1  mathematics 

1  relation 

l 

vital 

1 

chemical  (3) 

6 

elements 

(1) 

1  M. 

1  result 

1 

W. 

1 

chemical 

English 

4  medicine 

1  rhetoric 

(1) 

3 

water 

3 

operation  (1) 

1 

ether 

1  metabolism 

(1) 

5  rubber 

2 

whole 

4 

chemicals 

2 

ethylene 

1  metathesis 

1  rule 

1 

words 

1 

chemist 

1 

examination 

1  method 

5  sacrum 

1 

Wurz  method 

1 

chemistry  (12) 

57 

F. 

1  mind 

1  same 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


47 


67.  ATHENS. 

Individuality  Frequency,  56. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


acropolis  (1) 

22 

classic 

1 

Greece 

(72) 

651 

pacific 

(1) 

1 

Solon 

(1) 

1 

ancient 

2 

classical 

2 

Greek 

23 

palace 

1 

south 

1 

ancient  city 

1 

columns 

1 

Greeks 

3 

Parthenon 

(1) 

21 

Spain 

1 

architecture 

2 

country 

2 

Herodotus 

1 

Paul 

6 

Sparta 

(3) 

25 

Areopagus 

1 

culture 

(1) 

10 

hill 

3 

peninsula 

2 

state 

2 

Aristotle 

1 

Diana 

1 

historical 

1 

Pericles 

(1) 

13 

statuary 

(1) 

1 

art 

8 

dirt 

1 

history 

(1) 

12 

Phidias 

1 

statutes 

1 

Athena 

1 

Doric 

1 

Homer 

1 

place 

2 

study 

1 

atoms 

1 

Europe 

2 

Horns 

1 

Plato 

1 

symmetry 

1 

beauty 

2 

eye 

1 

Iowa 

1 

poetry 

1 

temple 

3 

book 

1 

fall 

1 

learning 

1 

Prophylaea 

1 

Texas 

1 

building 

1 

games 

1 

maid 

1 

Pyrrhus 

2 

town 

3 

bust 

1 

general 

1 

Mannott 

1 

R. 

1 

university 

1 

Byron 

1 

geography 

(2) 

3 

Minerva 

1 

Rome 

(3) 

38 

Venice 

1 

candle 

1 

Georgia 

4 

Naples 

(1) 

1 

ruin 

1 

Venizelos 

1 

capital 

3 

glory 

3 

nation 

1 

ruins 

3 

war 

(1) 

1 

Carthage 

1 

government 

2 

Ohio 

4 

Salamis 

1 

warrior 

1 

city  (6) 

55 

grandeur 

1 

owls 

(1) 

1 

sculpture 

5 

white 

1 

civilization  (1) 

1 

68.  EPITHELIUM. 

Individuality  Frequency,  110. 
Failure  Frequency,  (2)  84. 


above 

1 

chitin 

(1) 

1 

episode 

1 

literature 

1 

protozoon 

1 

after 

2 

cilia 

(1) 

2 

epithalamium 

9 

low 

1 

psychology 

3 

aerainst 

1 

ciliated 

1 

epithallium 

1 

marriage 

2 

Pygmalion 

0 

1 

amohitheater 

1 

columnar 

3 

epithelioma 

1 

mathematics 

1 

Rome 

2 

anatomy 

4 

connective 

epitherium 

1 

medicine 

2 

scales 

(1) 

1 

ancient 

4 

tissue 

(1) 

1 

epithet 

(1) 

8 

membrane 

(2) 

5 

science 

4 

animal 

(1) 

2 

construction 

1 

epizootic 

1 

mesoderm 

1 

scutum 

1 

architecture 

2 

corium 

2 

E. 

1 

mesothelium  (1) 

2 

sheet 

1 

art 

2 

cover 

(1) 

3 

erechtreum 

1 

metal 

1 

skin  (50)  431 

Asia  Minor 

1 

covering 

(2) 

12 

eye 

(1) 

2 

Milton 

1 

skull 

1 

astronomy 

4 

cuticle 

1 

fin 

1 

morphology 

1 

small-pox 

1 

Athens 

(1) 

3 

cutis 

1 

finger  nails 

1 

mortation 

1 

smell 

1 

bark 

1 

dermis 

(1) 

2 

flesh 

1 

mouth 

(1) 

5 

solar 

1 

battle 

1 

dictionary 

1 

flower 

(1) 

f 

mucosa 

(1) 

1 

Spencer 

5 

B. 

1 

down 

1 

fly 

1 

mucous 

1 

squamous 

1 

bed 

1 

duodenum 

2 

frog 

(1) 

1 

negro 

1 

stomach 

1 

biological 

1 

ear 

2 

gland 

1 

nose 

1 

submucous 

1 

biology 

(1) 

7 

earthworm 

1 

Greece 

11 

olfactory 

1 

substance 

1 

biozoological 

I 

ellipse 

1 

Greek 

24 

on 

1 

sun 

2 

blank 

1 

emporium 

1 

hair 

1 

outer 

(2) 

3 

superficial 

1 

blood 

1 

endoderm 

(1) 

1 

hall 

1 

outside 

8 

surface 

12 

body 

8 

endothelium 

5 

hallway 

1 

palate 

1 

teacher 

1 

bone 

2 

ephesis 

1 

hand 

1 

paracentral 

(1) 

1 

temple 

2 

botany 

5 

epic 

2 

heat 

1 

pavement 

1 

theater 

(1) 

1 

brain 

5 

epicanthus 

1 

histology 

6 

perihelion 

1 

Thebes 

1 

bronchial 

1 

epicurean 

3 

hymn 

1 

perimeter 

1 

theory 

1 

calyx 

1 

epidermis 

(1) 

17 

interior 

1 

physiology 

(1) 

19 

tissue 

(5) 

37 

cancer 

3 

epidural 

1 

intestine 

1 

pithy 

1 

tongue 

1 

carcinoma 

1 

epigastrium 

1 

Latin 

3 

place 

1 

top 

1 

cell 

(8) 

34 

epigram 

1 

layer 

3 

plant 

1 

trachae 

1 

cells 

(7) 

28 

epigrammatic 

1 

leaf 

2 

poetry 

2 

trillium 

1 

cell-tissue 

1 

epilepsy 

2 

light 

1 

problem 

1 

upon 

3 

cellular 

1 

Epimetheus 

1 

lining 

10 

protection 

(1) 

2 

W. 

1 

ceremony 

1 

epiphilial 

1 

lip 

1 

prothallium 

1 

zoology 

3 

chemistry 

3 

69.  FEUDALISM. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

113. 

Failure  Frequency,  2. 

abolish 

1 

ancient 

(1) 

15 

aristocracy 

2 

barbarism 

10 

capitalism 

(1) 

2 

absolutism 

1 

ancient  history 

1 

armament 

(1) 

1 

barbarity 

1 

caste 

1 

A. 

2 

(1) 

armor 

7 

baron 

(8) 

40 

castle 

(5) 

39 

ages 

3 

ancient  laws 

1 

attempt 

1 

barons 

(4) 

25 

castles 

(1) 

6 

agrarian 

1 

antique 

1 

autocracy 

1 

beneficient 

1 

cavalier 

1 

anarchism 

1 

antiquity 

1 

barbarians 

(1) 

1 

bloodshed 

1 

Central  Europe 

1 

anarchy 

2 

arbitrary 

(1) 

1 

barbaric 

1 

bosses 

1 

chains 

1 

48  A. 

/.  ROSANOFF, 

H. 

E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

Charlemagne 

2 

force 

1  lord  (2) 

29 

patron 

l 

social 

(D 

1 

C. 

1 

France 

15  lords  (4) 

27 

pauperism 

l 

socialism 

1 

chivalry 

(5) 

39 

futile 

1  love 

1 

peace 

l 

society 

4 

church 

2 

Gaul 

1  man 

1 

people 

2 

south 

1 

condition 

3 

German 

2  manor 

6 

period 

1 

Spain 

2 

country 

1 

Germany 

(D 

16  master 

1 

politeness 

1 

Sparta 

(D 

2 

Crecy 

1 

government 

(3)  23  mediaeval  (4) 

78 

politics 

1 

state 

4 

creed 

1 

Guizot 

1  mediaevalism 

12 

poverty 

1 

strife 

7 

Cromwell 

1 

gun 

1  men 

1 

power 

3 

stupidity 

1 

crusade 

(l) 

1 

history 

(5) 

70  Mexico 

1 

rebellion 

1 

swords 

1 

crusades 

2 

homage 

1  middle  ages  (6)  46 

regime 

1 

system 

(D 

18 

drak 

3 

injustice 

1  military 

1 

religion 

1 

Tennessee 

1 

drak  ages 

(i) 

1 

inquisition 

(1) 

1  moat 

2 

Renaissance 

3 

tenure 

1 

democracy 

(2) 

4 

institution 

1  monarchism  (1) 

1 

republicanism 

1 

time 

2 

dependent 

1 

Ireland 

1  monarchy  (1) 

5 

Richard 

1 

tournaments 

1 

disturbance 

1 

Ivanhoe 

1  monastician  (1) 

3 

rifle 

1 

tribe 

(D 

1 

dues 

1 

Japan 

(D 

4  monks 

1 

right 

1 

tyranny 

2 

dukes 

1 

John 

1  nation 

1 

romance 

2 

tyrant 

1 

early 

1 

Kaiser 

1  nobility 

1 

R. 

1 

tyrants 

1 

England 

(2) 

51 

Kentucky 

1  noble  (1) 

2 

Rome 

1 

vandal 

1 

English 

3 

king 

2  Norman  (1) 

4 

royalty 

1 

Vandalism 

3 

Europe 

(2) 

24 

King  Arthur 

2  Normans 

1 

rule 

1 

vassal 

4 

extinct 

1 

King  Richard  I 

’  1  nuisance 

1 

Russia 

1 

vassalage 

1 

farmer 

1 

kings 

2  old 

1 

Scott 

3 

vassals 

2 

federalism 

1 

knight 

(4) 

40  old  English 

serf 

(3) 

17 

Venice 

1 

feud 

1 

knighthood 

(1) 

10  history 

1 

serfdom 

2 

voting 

1 

feudal 

(l) 

1 

knights 

(4) 

25  oligarchy 

1 

serfs 

(2) 

9 

walls 

1 

feuds 

2 

K. 

(D 

1  oppression 

4 

servitude 

(D 

1 

war 

(D 

27 

few 

1 

land 

5  pageantry 

1 

slave 

4 

wars 

1 

fief 

(2) 

5 

law 

CD 

7  party  (1) 

1 

slavery 

(3) 

20 

William  the 

fight 

3 

light 

1  past 

1 

slaves 

3 

Conqueror 

(l)  i 

fights 

3 

70.  COEFFICIENT. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

114. 

Failure  Frequency,  11. 

a. 

1 

cypher 

1  freshmen 

1 

numbers 

(D 

9 

small 

1 

absorption 

1 

decimal 

1  friction  (1) 

13 

numeral 

2 

small  figure 

1 

accompanying 

2 

deficient 

1  front 

1 

numerator 

1 

small  number 

1 

action 

1 

degree 

1  function  (1) 

1 

of 

(D 

1 

square 

2 

adhesion 

(l) 

1 

denominator 

1  geometry 

13 

one 

1 

statistics 

1 

algebra  -  (S)  ] 

L47 

differential 

(2) 

3  gonorrhoea 

1 

partition 

1 

steel 

1 

algebraic 

3 

diffusion 

1  grammar 

4 

Pearson 

(D 

4 

studying 

1 

analysis 

CD 

1 

digestibility 

1  gravity 

1 

Pearson’s 

1 

sufficient 

2 

angle 

(D 

3 

digestion 

(D 

2  heat 

5 

percentage 

1 

suffix 

1 

annex 

1 

digression 

1  help 

1 

phenol 

(D 

2 

supplement 

1 

annual 

1 

disinfectants 

1  hydraulics 

1 

physics 

(D 

4 

smbol 

(D 

1 

arithmetic 

25 

division 

4  hyphen 

1 

place  before 

1 

tangent 

(l) 

15 

before 

4 

divisor 

2  hypothenuse 

1 

play 

1 

temperature 

2 

binomial 

6 

education 

1  increase 

1 

polynomial 

(D 

1 

term 

(D 

5 

binomial 

efficiency 

4  index  (1) 

10 

power 

7 

tetrahedron 

1 

theorum 

1 

efficient  (2) 

13  inefficient 

4 

preceding 

3 

theorem 

1 

biometrics 

1 

elasticity 

2  integer 

2 

prefix 

(D 

3 

thermal 

(D 

1 

brass 

1 

energy 

3  isosceles 

1 

probability 

1 

thesis 

1 

business 

English 

1  Latin 

2 

problem 

1 

three 

2 

administration  1 

equal 

14  letter 

1 

proportion 

1 

3.1416 

(l) 

1 

calculations 

(D 

1 

equality 

2  letters 

1 

psychology 

2 

together 

1 

calculus 

2 

equation 

(D 

11  linear 

3 

quotient 

1 

triangle 

(D 

1 

coagulate 

1 

equivalent 

(D 

1  literal 

1 

radical 

5 

trigonometry  (1)  9 

coequal 

1 

error 

2  logarithm 

1 

ratio 

1 

two 

6 

college 

1 

evolution 

1  mathematical 

1 

ration 

1 

united 

1 

company 

1 

example 

1  mathematics  (7)  76 

refraction 

6 

unknown 

1 

comparison 

2 

expansion  (16)  110  mechanics 

1 

relation 

(D 

5 

urinalysis 

1 

completion 

1 

exponent 

(7) 

61  modification 

2 

relationship 

(D 

1 

value 

1 

conjunction 

1 

extemporaneous 

1  modifying 

1 

respiration 

1 

variability 

(D 

3 

connection 

1 

extraction 

1  multiple 

1 

respiratory 

1 

variation 

(2) 

5 

cooperation 

1 

factor 

14  multiplicand 

1 

restitution 

1 

W. 

1 

cooperative 

1 

figure 

(4) 

21  multiplication 

3 

result 

2 

whole 

(D 

2 

corallin 

1 

figures 

4  multiplier  (3) 

8 

root 

2 

with 

1 

corollary 

(D 

1 

figuring 

1  multiply  (1) 

3 

safety 

(l) 

1 

words 

1 

corporation 

1 

fire 

1  n. 

1 

science 

1 

X 

2 

correlation 

(8) 

44 

formula 

(D 

1  nine 

1 

sentence 

1 

X2 

(D 

1 

correlative 

2 

fraction 

(2) 

25  noun 

2 

sign 

1 

zero 

1 

cosine 

2 

fractions 

2  number  (9) 

73 

sine 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


49 


7 1.  PERENNIAL. 

Individuality  Frequency,  112. 
Failure  Frequency,  6. 


adjective 

1 

daily 

(1) 

2 

frequent 

5 

parents 

1 

skeleton 

1 

age 

1 

dandelion 

(1) 

1 

fruitage 

1 

parsnip 

1 

spring 

7 

ages 

1 

dawn 

2 

government 

1 

peas 

2 

stream 

1 

almanac 

1 

day 

1 

grateful 

1 

perennium 

(1) 

1 

study 

1 

always 

(7) 

24 

decennial 

2 

green 

(1) 

3 

perimeter 

2 

summer 

1 

anatomy 

1 

diurnal 

1 

growth 

2 

period , 

1 

sun 

1 

animal 

(1) 

2 

diurnally 

1 

habitual 

1 

periodic 

1 

temporal 

1 

annual  (27)  208 

early 

1 

hardy 

(1) 

7 

permanent 

2 

temporary 

3 

annually 

2 

edge 

1 

herb 

(2) 

3 

perpetual 

7 

thistle 

1 

annus 

1 

election 

1 

herbaceous 

1 

Petunia 

(1) 

1 

through 

1 

around 

1 

enduring 

1 

history 

1 

phlox 

1 

throughout 

3 

autumnal 

1 

ephemeral 

1 

Horace 

1 

plant 

(8) 

45 

throughout 

beauty 

1 

eternal 

(2) 

10 

immortal 

(1) 

1 

plants 

(4) 

25 

the  year 

1 

beet 

1 

eternally 

1 

irrigation 

1 

poetry 

1 

time 

(3) 

21 

biennial 

(4) 

35 

eternity 

(1) 

1 

Kaiser 

1 

post-prandial 

1 

together 

1 

blight 

1 

eternity 

(1) 

1 

larkspur 

1 

prince 

1 

tree 

(2) 

7 

bloom 

1 

ever 

(1) 

5 

lasting 

(1) 

10 

prolonged 

(1) 

1 

trees 

(1) 

3 

botanical 

1 

ever-blooming  (1)  1 

Latin 

2 

pyrene 

1 

triennial 

1 

botany 

13 

evergreen 

3 

law 

1 

Pyrenees 

1 

tropics 

1 

brain 

2 

everlasting 

(1) 

35 

leaf 

1 

quadrennial 

1 

twice 

1 

brass 

1 

everywhere 

(1) 

1 

long 

1 

recurrent 

1 

two 

1 

calendar 

1 

every  year 

1 

lord 

1 

recurring 

5 

two  ears 

1 

ceaseless 

1 

exterior 

1 

many 

2 

regular 

1 

weather 

1 

cedar 

1 

father 

2 

mathematics 

1 

regularly 

1 

weeds 

1 

centenary 

1 

fir 

1 

momentary 

1 

religion 

2 

wig 

1 

centigenerian 

1 

flood 

1 

mountains 

1 

rhythmic 

1 

winter 

2 

century 

1 

floral 

1 

nerve 

1 

root 

(1) 

1 

word 

1 

coming  again 

flower 

(2) 

43 

nocturnal 

1 

rose 

1 

world 

1 

and  again 

1 

flowering 

1 

oak 

1 

round 

1 

year 

(2) 

78 

constant 

(2) 

6 

flowers 

(5) 

28 

often 

4 

safety 

1 

yearly  (9)  ! 

144 

continual 

4 

forestry 

1 

old 

3 

season 

(1) 

4 

years 

13 

continually 

2 

forerunner 

1 

once 

1 

seasonal 

1 

youth 

4 

continued 

(1) 

1 

forever 

(1) 

25 

parent 

1 

seasons 

2 

youthful 

1 

continuous 

3 

foxglove 

1 

parental 

1 

72.  PLEBEIAN. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

121. 

Failure  Frequency,  2. 

adjective 

1 

common  (23)  243 

ground 

1 

patrician  (10)  100 

scrub 

1 

ancient 

1 

commoners 

1 

hayseed 

1 

peasant 

9 

serf 

(1) 

5 

Annapolis 

(1) 

1 

common  people 

2 

higher 

1 

pedestrian 

1 

servant 

1 

aristocracy 

(2) 

19 

commonplace 

6 

history 

11 

peon 

1 

servants 

1 

aristocrat 

(3) 

39 

condition 

1 

hobo 

1 

people  (11) 

84 

Shakespeare 

1 

aristocratic  (15) 

57 

countrified 

1 

hoi  polloi 

4 

person 

(1) 

3 

simple 

(1) 

2 

aristocrats 

1 

country 

(1) 

4 

I. 

1 

Philistine 

2 

simplicity 

1 

army 

2 

countrymen 

1 

inhabitant 

1 

pilaster 

1 

Slav 

1 

assembly 

1 

crowd 

1 

Italians 

1 

plain 

3 

slave 

(1) 

9 

Athenian 

1 

custom 

1 

janiculum 

1 

pleb 

2 

slaves 

1 

Athens 

(1) 

1 

democracy 

3 

Julius  Caesar 

1 

plebiscite  (2) 

3 

snob 

1 

baker 

1 

democrat 

1 

laborer 

2 

plebs 

3 

socialism 

3 

barren 

(1) 

1 

democratic 

(1) 

2 

Latin 

1 

Plutarch 

1 

sociology  (1) 

2 

Beacon  Hill 

1 

description 

1 

L. 

1 

plutocrat 

1 

soldier 

1 

beggar 

1 

despicable 

(1) 

1 

lords 

1 

politician 

1 

sophomore 

1 

body 

1 

different 

1 

low 

(2) 

23 

poor 

(4) 

27 

Sparta 

1 

boorish 

1 

dirty 

1 

low  caste 

1 

populace 

1 

S. 

1 

bourgeois 

7 

dynasty 

1 

low  class 

1 

popular 

2 

star 

1 

bourgeoisie 

1 

East  Side 

1 

lower 

6 

poverty 

1 

strong 

1 

boy 

1 

England 

2 

lower  order 

1 

proletarian 

1 

toga 

1 

bromide 

1 

everybody 

1 

lowly 

3 

proletariat 

8 

tough 

1 

B. 

1 

farmer 

6 

man 

8 

public 

2 

tramp 

1 

B. 

1 

folk 

1 

manner 

1 

publican 

1 

tribe 

2 

butter 

1 

folks 

(1) 

2 

Marius 

(1) 

1 

ragged 

1 

tribunal 

1 

cadet 

1 

food 

1 

masses 

4 

refined 

1 

tribune 

1 

Caesar 

1 

fool 

1 

mathematics' 

1 

rich 

2 

uncouth 

1 

Caillaux 

1 

force 

(1) 

1 

medium 

1 

ritual 

1 

underling 

1 

caste 

2 

forest 

1 

men 

1 

Roman 

15 

very  low 

1 

cheap 

1 

F  ranee 

2 

Mexico 

1 

Roman  history 

2 

vote 

1 

citified 

1 

freshman 

1 

middle 

1 

Roman  law 

1 

vulgar 

(1) 

11 

citizen 

9 

fustian 

1 

mob 

(1) 

6 

Romans 

2 

walking 

1 

city 

2 

government 

(1) 

1 

Nero 

1 

Rome 

(4) 

61 

war 

1 

civilian 

1 

Gracchi 

(1) 

2 

negro 

(1) 

1 

rough 

1 

West  Point 

1 

civitas 

(1) 

1 

Greece 

9 

noble 

(1) 

5 

royalty 

1 

woman 

(1) 

1 

class 

6 

Greek 

3 

ordinary 

(1) 

7 

S. 

1 

work 

1 

coarse 

3 

Greeks 

1 

past 

1 

sansculotte 

1 

workman 

(1) 

2 

college 

1 

50 


A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


73.  CATALYTIC. 

Individuality  Frequencey,  168. 


Failure  Frequency,  111. 


abnormal 

1 

cataleptic 

43 

dictionary 

1 

hard  up 

1 

platinum 

(3) 

19 

abrupt 

1 

catalepton 

1 

dietetics 

1 

hasten 

1 

pleasant 

1 

acatalytic 

3 

catalogue  (1) 

3 

disaster 

3 

hastening 

1 

Poe 

1 

accelerating 

(1) 

1 

catalysis  (1) 

12 

disastrous 

1 

haziness 

1 

poetry 

2 

acceleration 

(1) 

1 

catalyzer 

2 

disease 

3 

heat 

1 

Popocatepetl 

1 

accident 

(2) 

3 

catapult 

4 

dissociation 

1 

help 

(1) 

3 

precipitate 

(1) 

1 

action 

(9) 

39 

cataract 

1 

dissolution 

1 

helper 

1 

precipitation  (1) 

1 

activator 

1 

catastrophe 

10 

disturbing 

1 

helping 

1 

process 

(2) 

11 

activity 

1 

catatonic 

4 

divide 

(1) 

1 

Hindu 

1 

psychology 

(1) 

1 

aged 

1 

catechism 

4 

division 

1 

hydrolytic 

1 

rapid 

1 

agency 

3 

category 

1 

dog 

1 

hyperbola 

1 

reaction 

(5) 

21 

agent 

(5) 

81 

caterpillar  (1) 

1 

down 

7 

hypnotic 

1 

reagent 

(1) 

2 

agents 

1 

cathode  (1) 

1 

downfall 

2 

hypnotism 

(1) 

2 

reversal 

1 

aid 

3 

Catholic 

3 

downward 

1 

hysteria 

1 

rhetoric 

1 

anabolic 

6 

Catholicism 

1 

drugs 

1 

influence 

2 

Rome 

1 

anabolism 

1 

Catiline  (1) 

6 

earthquake 

4 

insanity 

1 

ruin 

1 

anacatalytic 

1 

catnip 

1 

effect 

2 

ions 

(1) 

2 

science 

5 

analysis 

4 

cat-o-nine-tails 

1 

electric 

3 

kata- 

1 

scientific 

1 

analytic  (13) 

46 

cattle 

3 

electrical 

1 

katabasis 

1 

shock 

1 

analytics 

2 

change 

10 

electricity 

(2) 

8 

kill 

1 

sleep 

2 

ancient 

1 

changing 

2 

energy 

1 

kitten 

1 

sleepy 

1 

apart 

2 

chaos 

1 

enzyme 

(7) 

23 

Latin 

1 

slow 

1 

apocalypse 

1 

chasm 

2 

enzymes 

1 

line 

1 

smash 

1 

assistance 

1 

chemical 

7 

epilepsy 

3 

L. 

(1) 

1 

solution 

2 

assisting 

0) 

2 

chemical  action 

1 

epileptic 

9 

magnesium 

1 

spasmodic 

1 

association 

1 

chemical  process  2 

epileptics 

1 

managese 

2 

speed 

(2) 

5 

atacatalytic 

1 

(1) 

episode 

1 

manganese 

spells 

2 

attraction 

1 

chemical  reaction  1 

evolution 

1 

dioxide 

2 

spirit 

1 

attractive 

1 

(1) 

explosion 

2 

M. 

1 

spontaneous 

1 

autocatalysis 

1 

chemistry  (11) 

62 

eye 

2 

mathematics 

1 

stalagmites 

1 

awtul 

1 

chew 

1 

fall 

2 

medical  term 

1 

starter 

(1) 

1 

biology 

2 

chlorophyll 

1 

falling 

2 

medicine 

1 

state 

(1) 

5 

body 

1 

church 

1 

falling  down 

1 

metabolic 

(1) 

3 

stiff 

1 

brain 

1 

collection 

1 

falls 

1 

metabolism 

2 

still 

1 

break 

0) 

3 

compact 

1 

ferment 

3 

militance 

1 

stimulation 

1 

breakdown 

(1) 

1 

condition  of 

ferments 

1 

negative 

1 

stimulus 

1 

breaking 

4 

the  earth 

1 

filter 

(1) 

1 

nonsense 

(1) 

1 

stirring 

1 

breaking  up 

1 

connected 

1 

fire 

1 

nothing 

1 

stroke 

1 

build 

1 

consciousness 

1 

fit 

24 

origin 

1 

study 

1 

builder 

1 

contact  (1) 

1 

fits 

13 

0. 

(2) 

2 

substance 

1 

building 

(1) 

2 

cotillion 

1 

flood 

1 

ova 

1 

synthetic 

2 

cab 

1 

cows 

1 

flower 

1 

oxidasis 

1 

tearing 

Cadillac 

1 

crazy 

1 

force 

2 

oxidation 

1 

down 

CD 

2 

calyx 

1 

current 

1 

foreign 

1 

oxygen 

(1) 

1 

terrible 

1 

capacity 

1 

cutting 

1 

form 

1 

ozone 

1 

together 

2 

cat 

6 

daughter 

1 

F. 

1 

palsy 

1 

trance 

(1) 

3 

catabolic 

1 

decay 

1 

function 

(1) 

2 

patient 

1 

tube 

1 

catabolism 

1 

decomposition 

1 

future 

1 

peculiar 

1 

universal 

1 

cataclysm 

0) 

37 

derivation 

1 

galls 

1 

person 

2 

upheaval 

2 

cataclysmic 

4 

destroy 

4 

general 

2 

physician 

1 

velocity 

(1) 

2 

catacombs 

1 

destruction  (1) 

9 

geology 

2 

physics . 

(1) 

8 

versification 

1 

catalepsis 

4 

destructive  ( 1 ) 

15 

gold 

1 

physiology 

1 

without 

1 

catalepsy 

10 

diaphragm 

1 

Greek 

6 

pillar 

1 

yawning 

1 

74.  EMBRYO. 


Individuality  Frequency, 

93. 

Failure  Frequency,  3. 

adult  (4) 

8 

baby 

(3) 

29 

born 

1 

city 

1 

ego 

1 

ambassador 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

botanic 

1 

cleavage 

1 

elementary 

1 

amnion 

1 

bean 

(1) 

5 

botany 

4 

cocoon 

1 

embellish 

1 

amoeba  (1) 

8 

begin 

1 

bottle 

2 

corn 

2 

embrace 

1 

amphioxus 

1 

beginning 

(1) 

117 

boy 

1 

course 

2 

embryological  (1)1 

analysis 

1 

beginnings 

(1) 

5 

boys 

1 

curled 

1 

embryology  (3)  26 

anascarca 

1 

biology 

(1) 

47 

brain 

2 

cytology 

1 

embryonic 

3 

anatomy 

1 

bird 

2 

bud 

1 

development  (5)  17 

evolution 

2 

animal 

9 

birth 

(2) 

23 

cell 

(4)  22 

dog 

1 

evolve 

1 

ante 

1 

blastula 

1 

chart 

1 

early 

4 

F. 

1 

anthropology 

1 

body 

9 

chick 

(6)  34 

ectoderm 

2 

first 

5 

atom 

1 

bone 

1 

chicken 

13 

eg  g 

(10)  60 

fish  (1) 

6 

babe 

1 

bones 

(1) 

1 

child 

(2)  31 

eggs 

1 

flower 

5 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 

51 

foetal 

(1) 

2 

invertebrate 

1 

new 

3 

premature 

1 

starting 

1 

foetus 

(10) 

52 

jar 

1 

newly  born 

1 

primitive 

2 

state 

1 

form 

8 

J. 

(1) 

1 

nuclues 

7 

protoplasm 

1 

structure 

(2) 

2 

formation 

2 

kid 

1 

ontogeny 

2 

protozoa 

2 

text-book 

1 

formative 

1 

kitten 

1 

organism  ( 1 ) 

3 

psychology 

1 

theory 

(1) 

1 

frog 

1 

laboratory 

(1) 

3 

origin  (1) 

6 

rats 

1 

tiny 

2 

fundulus 

1 

larva 

2 

original 

1 

reproduction 

4 

tissue 

2 

generation 

1 

L. 

1 

ova 

2 

sac 

3 

toad -fish 

1 

genesis 

1 

life 

(3) 

27 

ovary 

1 

science 

1 

unborn 

7 

germ 

(4) 

45 

little 

1 

ovum 

4 

section 

1 

undeveloped 

8 

germination 

1 

man 

(2) 

7 

paleontology 

1 

seed 

21 

unfinished 

1 

Greek 

1 

M. 

1 

pallium 

1 

size 

1 

unformed 

3 

growing 

1 

matter 

1 

parasite 

1 

slide 

1 

uterus 

(1) 

4 

growth 

11 

medicine 

3 

person 

1 

small 

(1) 

28 

vertebrate 

1 

head 

(1) 

2 

minuteness 

1 

physiological 

1 

snake 

1 

womb 

(2) 

5 

histology 

1 

mitre 

1 

physiology 

7 

spore 

2 

worm 

1 

hormone 

(1) 

1 

morphology 

2 

Pig  (1) 

7 

sporont 

1 

young 

(6) 

39 

human 

(2) 

15 

M. 

1 

placenta 

1 

sprout 

1 

youth 

3 

hygiene 

1 

mother 

3 

plant 

6 

stage 

2 

youthful 

1 

infant 

(2) 

9 

museum 

1 

plantlet  (1) 

1 

start 

1 

zoology 

(2) 

21 

interest 

1 

neural 

1 

possible 

1 

75-  SPECTRUM. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

62. 

Failure  Frequency,  1. 

analyses 

1 

diffraction 

1 

line 

1 

purple 

1 

spectator 

2 

analysis 

(24) 

94 

dispersion 

1 

lines  (2) 

6 

radium 

1 

spectral 

3 

apparatus 

1 

division 

1 

looking 

1 

rainbow 

(4) 

34 

spectre 

3 

arc 

2 

divisions 

(1) 

1 

mercury 

1 

ray 

(1) 

4 

spectograph 

1 

astrology 

1 

eclipse 

1 

microscope 

3 

rays 

(1) 

8 

spectroscope  (2)  16 

astronomy 

4 

examination 

1 

mirror 

1 

read 

1 

star 

(1) 

3 

band 

1 

eye 

8 

M. 

1 

rectum 

1 

stars 

2 

band  of  color  (1)  1 

figure 

1 

Newton  (1) 

2 

red 

9 

sun 

(5) 

47 

bands 

1 

Fraunhofer 

2 

oculist 

1 

refraction 

(2) 

3 

sunlight 

(1) 

1 

bars 

1 

ghost 

1 

optician 

1 

scale 

1 

thesis 

1 

biology 

1 

ghosts 

1 

optics 

1 

science 

1 

urine 

1 

blue 

(1) 

5 

glass 

(2) 

26 

orange 

1 

seeing 

1 

variegated 

1 

brain 

1 

green 

1 

petrography 

1 

S. 

1 

violet 

1 

bright 

2 

human 

1 

photograph 

1 

sight 

9 

violet  rays 

1 

Bunsen 

2 

inspect 

1 

physics  (3) 

51 

sky 

1 

visible 

(1) 

2 

card 

(1) 

1 

instrument 

2 

physiology 

2 

sodium 

(1) 

3 

vision 

1 

chart 

1 

iron 

1 

pigment 

1 

solar 

(2) 

17 

waves 

(1) 

1 

chemistry 

(1) 

6 

laboratory 

1 

polariscope 

1 

spectacle 

4 

X-ray 

1 

color  (16) 

179 

lecture 

1 

prism  (3) 

29 

spectacles 

1 

zoology 

2 

colors 

(3) 

130 

lens 

3 

psychology 

1 

spectacular 

(1) 

2 

Zurich 

1 

crystal 

1 

light  (18) 

206 

76.  CONTINENT. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

53. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(1) 

1. 

abstainer 

(1) 

1 

content 

1 

geography  (3) 

47 

mass 

1 

six 

2 

Africa 

(2) 

25 

contents 

2 

geology 

1 

moon 

1 

size 

2 

America  (18) 

206 

continence 

1 

Gibraltar 

1 

mountain 

2 

South  America 

4 

American 

4 

continual 

1 

globe  (2) 

7 

nation 

3 

space 

1 

area 

(1) 

2 

continuity 

2 

government 

1 

North  America 

45 

spnere 

1 

Asia 

(1) 

37 

continuous 

1 

half  world 

1 

(6) 

stars 

1 

Atlantis 

1 

contrive 

1 

hemisphere  (4) 

10 

ocean 

(2) 

19 

strand 

(1) 

1 

Australia 

(1) 

18 

countries 

2 

impotent 

1 

oceans 

2 

subdivision 

1 

bigness 

1 

country 

(2) 

25 

incontinent 

3 

peninsula 

5 

territory 

1 

birth 

1 

definition 

1 

island  (28) 

90 

physiography 

1 

theorum 

1 

body 

2 

division 

3 

islands 

1 

religion 

1 

United  States 

3 

bound 

1 

earth 

(1) 

18 

land  (12) 

156 

restraint 

2 

Utica 

1 

candy 

1 

England 

1 

land-mass 

1 

same 

1 

vast 

1 

cape 

1 

Europe 

(6) 

112 

large  (1) 

12 

science 

(1) 

1 

war 

2 

complete 

1 

European 

(1) 

5 

largeness 

2 

sea 

7 

water 

4 

connected 

1 

expanse 

1 

largest 

1 

section 

1 

western 

(1) 

6 

conscience 

(1) 

1 

extent 

1 

lost 

1 

shape 

(1) 

3 

whole 

4 

conscious 

1 

federal 

1 

Magellan 

1 

shelf 

1 

wide 

1 

contain 

1 

fibers 

1 

map  (2) 

32 

shore 

2 

world 

7 

contained  1  geographical  1 


52  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

77.  SPORE. 

)  Individuality  Frequency,  123. 


Failure  Frequency,  21. 


Africa 

2 

cocci 

1 

gamete 

1 

mushrooms  (1) 

2 

spear 

1 

agamogenesis  (1)  1 

composer 

1 

generation 

1 

nucleus 

1 

speck 

2 

algae 

1 

coral 

1 

George 

1 

organism 

1 

sperm 

(1) 

8 

algebra 

1 

covering 

1 

germ 

(7) 

37 

ova 

1 

spermatozoa 

2 

amoeba 

3 

cryptogam 

1 

germinate 

1 

part  (1) 

2 

sphere 

1 

anatomy 

1 

cryptogram 

1 

germination 

2 

perennial 

1 

spike 

1 

animal 

5 

cryptograms 

1 

green 

1 

phrase 

1 

spine 

1 

anthrax 

2 

develop 

1 

growth 

3 

picker 

1 

splore 

1 

arm 

1 

difficulty 

1 

gymnaspore 

2 

pig 

1 

Spohrfieder 

1 

bacilli 

1 

door 

1 

H. 

1 

pine 

2 

spoke 

1 

bacillus 

4 

dot 

1 

hand 

1 

plant  (10) 

60 

sponge 

6 

bacillus 

1 

dots 

1 

hole 

(1) 

11 

plants  (2) 

8 

sporadic 

11 

subtilis 

0) 

dry 

1 

hoof 

1 

pollen  (4) 

18 

sporangium 

3 

bacteria 

(8) 

31 

dust  (2) 

6 

hunting 

1 

pollywog 

1 

sporophite 

1 

bacteriology 

10 

egg 

20 

impalpable 

1 

pond 

1 

sporophyll 

1 

bacterium 

0) 

6 

eggs 

4 

imperfection 

1 

pore  (1) 

5 

sporozoa 

1 

ball 

5 

element 

1 

individual  (1) 

1 

powder 

1 

sporozoon 

2 

bearing 

(2) 

4 

elephant 

1 

indusium 

1 

prickle  (1) 

1 

sport 

10 

beginning 

4 

embryology 

3 

infusoria 

1 

process 

1 

spot 

1 

biology 

47 

encapsulated 

1 

insect 

1 

projecting 

1 

stem 

2 

biophore 

1 

equisetum  (1) 

3 

invertebrate 

1 

propagation 

1 

tetanus 

(1) 

3 

bit 

1 

explore 

1 

jefly 

1 

protozoa 

3 

trace 

(1) 

6 

black 

2 

fermentation 

1 

jelly  fish 

1 

Pteris 

1 

track 

5 

blood 

1 

fern  (12) 

87 

Latin 

1 

reproduction  (2)  19 

tracks 

2 

body 

1 

ferns 

7 

leaf 

1 

Rome 

1 

trail 

1 

boor 

1 

fertilization 

1 

life 

5 

roommate 

1 

tree 

2 

bore 

1 

fish 

16 

little 

1 

round  (1) 

4 

tube 

1 

botany 

(2) 

51 

flagellum 

1 

low  life 

1 

round  body 

1 

unicellular 

life 

1 

breathing 

1 

flower  (3) 

23 

lycopod 

(1) 

1 

sac 

1 

unit 

1 

bred 

1 

flowers 

6 

medusa 

1 

scale  (1) 

1 

water 

1 

bred 

1 

foot 

1 

megaspore 

1 

science 

5 

whole 

1 

bud 

(1) 

3 

form 

2 

microbe 

1 

seed  (16)  114 

wind 

(1) 

1 

bug 

(1) 

1 

formation 

1 

milk 

1 

skin 

3 

worm 

1 

bugs 

2 

forming 

2 

minute 

(1) 

3 

sleep 

1 

yeast 

8 

burst 

2 

frog 

1 

moss 

3 

small  (1) 

12 

young 

2 

case 

2 

frogs 

1 

mould 

11 

smallness 

1 

zoology 

18 

cedar 

1 

frond 

1 

moulds 

1 

snow 

1 

zoophite 

1 

cell 

(5) 

31 

fruit 

1 

movement 

1 

source 

1 

zoospore 

1 

cells 

1 

fungi 

3 

mucor 

1 

South  Africa 

1 

zygote 

1 

circle 

1 

fungus  (1) 

14 

mushroom 

(3) 

18 

spa 

1 

78.  THEOREM. 

V  •  -  ;•  '  - 

•  $,  •* 

Individuality  Frequency, 

67. 

Failure  Frequency, 

4. 

abstract 

(1) 

2 

demonstrate 

1 

imaginary  (1) 

2 

physics 

1 

syllabus 

1 

algebra 

(2) 

64 

demonstration  (3)6 

imagination 

1 

pons  asinorum 

1 

tarlagtia 

1 

algebraic 

2 

diagram 

1 

indices 

1 

postulate  (1) 

3 

Taylor’s  (1) 

1 

all 

1 

equality 

1 

interrelation 

1 

practical 

1 

teacher 

1 

analysis 

1 

equation  (1) 

10 

italics  (1) 

1 

practice 

(1) 

2 

theater 

3 

answer 

1 

established 

1 

law 

3 

principle 

(1) 

5 

theme 

1 

arithmetic 

(1) 

8 

Euclid  (2) 

7 

L. 

2 

problem 

(3) 

45 

theocracy 

1 

Avogadro 

1 

example 

4 

lessons 

1 

proof 

(4) 

22 

theology 

(1) 

1 

axiom 

(1) 

8 

exercise 

1 

line 

1 

proposition 

(8) 

60 

theorize 

1 

belief 

1 

explanation 

2 

logic  (1) 

1 

prove 

5 

theory 

(3) 

34 

binomial  (15) 

123 

fact 

1 

M. 

1 

Pythagoras 

3 

thesis 

1 

biology 

1 

false 

1 

mathematics  (9)  77 

Pythagorean 

2 

thinking 

1 

blackboard 

2 

fierce 

1 

maxim 

2 

question 

1 

third 

1 

book 

2 

first 

1 

maximum 

1 

rule 

5 

thought 

2 

calculation 

1 

formula 

1 

memorized 

1 

school 

3 

thiangle 

(1) 

3 

calculus 

4 

generalization 

1 

mutation 

1 

science 

2 

triangles 

1 

cause 

1 

geometric  (1) 

1 

nebular 

1 

sentence 

(2) 

3 

trigonometry  (1)  1 

chemistry 

2 

geometrical 

4 

Newton  (1) 

2 

Spinoza 

1 

truth 

4 

conclusion 

1 

geometry  (26) 

327 

notion 

1 

square 

1 

two 

1 

condition 

1 

guess 

2 

old 

1 

statement 

8 

version 

(1) 

1 

connote 

1 

H. 

1 

original 

1 

study 

1 

words 

1 

conundrum 

1 

hypothesis  (3) 

32 

IT 

1 

supposition 

1 

work 

1 

corollary 

(2) 

11 

idea  (1) 

5 

part 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


53 


79.  HIMALAYA. 

Individuality  Frequency,  67. 
Failure  Frequency,  2. 


A. 

1 

climbing 

1 

goat 

1 

island 

3 

pen 

1 

aeroplane 

1 

cocoanut 

1 

goats 

1 

islands 

1 

peninsula 

2 

Africa 

1 

cold 

2 

Greece 

2 

isthmus 

1 

Pike’s  Peak 

1 

Allegheny 

1 

continent 

1 

haemolysis 

2 

Kim 

1 

plant 

1 

Alps 

4 

country 

(1) 

5 

hard 

1 

Kipling 

2 

Popocatepetl 

1 

altitude 

1 

distant 

1 

Hawaii 

(1) 

1 

L. 

1 

rabbit 

3 

Andes 

3 

elevation 

1 

Hayti 

1 

land 

1 

race 

1 

A. 

1 

enamel 

(1) 

1 

height 

13 

L. 

1 

range 

(1) 

5 

Ararat 

(1) 

1 

Europe 

2 

hiems 

1 

large 

1 

rocks 

1 

Asia 

(6) 

61 

Everest 

(4) 

15 

high 

(1) 

4 

Malay 

1 

Russia 

1 

beauty 

1 

F. 

1 

highest 

3 

map 

2 

snow 

(1) 

11 

bees 

1 

folding 

1 

Hindu 

1 

mountain  (33)  307 

snow  caps 

1 

black 

1 

foreign 

1 

Hindustan 

(1) 

2 

mountains  (31)  367 

space 

(1) 

1 

blackberry 

1 

Ganges 

1 

H. 

1 

Mount  Everest 

6 

state 

1 

blood 

1 

geography 

(1) 

12 

hymn 

1 

Oceanica 

1 

steep 

1 

Buddhism 

1 

giants 

1 

hymnology 

1 

natives 

1 

sublime 

1 

B. 

(1) 

1 

gigantic 

1 

hymns 

1 

Nepal 

1 

Thibet 

7 

Carpathian 

1 

girl 

1 

India 

(12) 

78 

nigh 

1 

volcano 

1 

China 

(1) 

4 

glacier 

1 

Indus 

(1) 

1 

peaks  (1) 

4 

white 

1 

80.  RENAISSANCE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  116. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


age 

(1) 

13 

education 

6 

history 

(9) 

70 

new  birth 

(2) 

4 

review 

1 

ages 

1 

Egypt 

1 

Holland 

1 

newness 

1 

revival 

(1) 

21 

ancient 

1 

Elizabethan 

1 

hotel 

1 

nothing 

1 

revolution 

(2) 

2 

antiquity 

1 

England 

3 

Italian 

(1) 

25 

old 

3 

Richelieu 

1 

architecture  (1)  17 

English 

8 

Italians 

1 

painting 

(1) 

13 

rings 

1 

art 

(8) 

89 

enlightenment 

2 

Italy  ( 

(13) 

86 

paintings 

2 

rising 

1 

arts 

1 

epoch 

2 

kings 

1 

Paris 

1 

R. 

(1) 

2 

awakening 

(2) 

15 

era 

4 

knighthood 

1 

Pater 

1 

rococo 

(1) 

1 

barbaric 

1 

Erasmus 

2 

lace 

(1) 

12 

period 

(6) 

77 

romanticism 

2 

bas  relief 

1 

Europe  (2) 

20 

late 

1 

Petrarch 

(1) 

4 

Rome 

1 

beginning 

2 

European  (1) 

1 

Latin 

1 

philosophy 

2 

Savonarola 

2 

birth 

(2) 

9 

fascinating 

1 

learning 

(2) 

34 

picture 

(1) 

2 

school 

1 

book 

(1) 

1 

feudal 

1 

lecture 

1 

poet 

1 

sculpture 

1 

books 

1 

feudalism  (1) 

2 

Leonardo 

3 

poetry 

(1) 

3 

Shakespeare 

6 

Botticelli 

1 

fifteen  hundred 

1 

Leonardo 

poets 

1 

soldiers 

1 

brightness 

1 

fifteenth 

1 

DaVinci 

1 

Portugese 

1 

Spanish 

1 

building 

1 

fifteenth  century  1 

letters 

(1) 

2 

previous 

1 

spelling 

(1) 

2 

buildings 

(1) 

2 

Florence 

6 

life 

1 

printing 

(1) 

2 

Spinoza 

1 

cathedral 

2 

Fontainebleau 

1 

literary 

1 

procession 

(1) 

1 

spirit 

1 

Catholicism 

1 

fourteen  hundred  1 

literature 

38 

progress 

1 

Symonds 

(1) 

5 

Cellini 

1 

fourteen 

literature 

Rabelais 

1 

text  book 

1 

centuries 

1 

fifty-three 

1 

and 

art 

1 

Raphael 

(1) 

4 

theory 

1 

century 

2 

France  (4) 

74 

L. 

1 

rebirth 

(3) 

13 

thought 

1 

Cervantes 

1 

freedom 

1 

Luther 

(1) 

7 

reborn 

2 

time 

4 

change 

4 

French  (1) 

25 

luxury 

1 

recollection 

1 

Titian 

2 

church 

1 

French 

Machiavelli 

1 

reconstruction 

1 

twelve  hundred 

Cimabue 

1 

Revolution 

1 

map 

1 

recovery 

2 

A. 

D. 

1 

class 

1 

furniture  (1) 

1 

Matthew  Arnold 

[  1 

reform 

2 

upheavel 

1 

classics 

1 

Galileo  (1) 

2 

mediaeval 

16 

Reformation  (2) 

22 

Valla 

1 

Caleb 

1 

genetic  (1) 

1 

mediaevalism  (1)  1 

reign 

1 

Velasquez 

1 

Columbus 

1 

Germany 

2 

Michael  Angelo 

8 

rejuvenation 

1 

Voltaire 

1 

culture 

7 

Giotto 

1 

(2) 

Rembrandt 

2 

Walter  Pater 

3 

Dante 

9 

Giottesque 

1 

middle  ages  (5)  14 

renascence 

1 

(1) 

dark  ages 

1 

gothic 

4 

Milton 

1 

renew 

1 

war 

1 

date 

1 

G. 

1 

monks 

1 

renewal 

9 

writers 

1 

Da  Vinci 

(2) 

5 

Greece  (1) 

2 

movement 

1 

republic 

(1) 

1 

writing 

1 

development  (1) 

1 

Greek 

1 

music 

1 

restoration 

(1) 

1 

writings 

1 

doily 

1 

growth 

1 

Napoleon 

1 

resurrection 

1 

year 

1 

early 

(1) 

2 

Heidelberg 

1 

new 

(1) 

7 

retrograde 

1 

youth 

1 

81  QUOTIENT. 

Individuality  Frequency,  52. 

Failure  Frequency,  0. 

addition  (1)  4  brother  1  deficient  1  divisible  1 

algebra  (1)  15  calculating  denominator  (1)  4  division  (16)  267 

answer  (1)  41  machine  1  difference  1  divisor  (26)  152 

answers  1  carbon  1  divide  (3)  14  end  1 

antecedent  1  coefficient  (1)  14  dividend  (3)  67  equal  3 

arithmetic  (7)  117  cosine  1  dividing  5  equality  1 

arithmetical  1  cotangent  1  divider  1  equation  4 


equator 

equivalent 

1 

example 

(1) 

2 

factor 

5 

figure 

(1) 

2 

figures 

4 

figuring 

(1) 

1 

54  A. 

/. 

ROSANOFF, 

H. 

E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

finish 

l 

mathematics  (5)  35  part  (1) 

4 

ratio 

4 

tangent 

2 

fraction 

(5) 

29 

measurement 

1  portion 

1 

recollection 

1 

tests 

1 

fractions 

6 

multiplicand  (2) 

3  predicate 

1 

relation 

1 

theory 

1 

geography 

1 

multiplication 

4  problem 

2 

remainder 

11 

third 

1 

geometry 

4 

(2) 

product  (4) 

31 

remaining 

1 

together 

1 

grammar 

1 

multiplier 

(1) 

2  purity 

1 

respiration 

(1) 

3 

total 

1 

indicator 

(1) 

1 

multiply 

2  Q. 

1 

respiratory 

(2) 

3 

two 

1 

language 

1 

multiplying 

1  question 

1 

result 

(2) 

40 

under 

(1) 

1 

less 

1 

number 

(3) 

16  quorum 

1 

school 

5 

vision 

1 

line 

(1) 

1 

numbers 

(1) 

7  quota 

2 

sign 

1 

whole 

(1) 

1 

many 

1 

numerator 

1  quotation 

1 

subtraction 

(1) 

3 

write 

1 

mathematical 

1 

outcome 

(1) 

1  quote  (1) 

1 

sum 

(1) 

10 

82.  OXIDATION. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

98. 

Failure  Frequency 

,  4. 

acid 

2 

consumption 

2  geology 

1 

new  life 

1 

reaction 

(3) 

5 

acids 

1 

copper 

(1) 

6  gold 

1 

nitrate 

(1) 

1 

red 

(1) 

4 

action 

2 

crystals 

2  gun  metal 

2 

nitric  acid 

1 

reducing 

1 

agent 

1 

dark 

1  heat 

8 

nitrogen 

(1) 

4 

reduction 

(13) 

88 

air 

(1) 

40 

decay 

1  H202 

1 

Occident 

8 

R. 

1 

analysis 

3 

decomposition 

1  hydrate 

1 

occidental 

5 

respiration 

(1) 

1 

atmosphere 

1 

dehydration 

(1) 

4  hydration  (1) 

6 

operation 

1 

result 

1 

automobile 

1 

deoxidation 

(1) 

3  hydrogen  (2) 

13 

orient 

3 

rocks 

1 

black 

2 

desiccation 

1  ionization 

1 

oriental 

2 

rust 

(11) 

74 

blackening 

1 

destroy 

1  iron  (1) 

37 

orientation 

5 

rusting 

4 

blood 

(1) 

11 

destruction 

1  iron  rust 

1 

oxalic 

2 

science 

4 

botany 

1 

dew 

1  jewelry 

1 

oxide 

7 

scientific 

1 

brass 

2 

dietetics 

1  killing 

1 

oxidize 

5 

sewage 

1 

breaking  up 

1 

digestion 

1  knife  blade 

1 

oxygen  (17)  132 

sidereal 

1 

break  up 

1 

dissociation 

1  laboratory 

4 

ozone 

1 

silver 

17 

breathe 

(1) 

2 

division 

1  Lavoisier 

1 

peroxidize 

1 

steel 

1 

breathing 

(1) 

6 

dry 

1  layer  (1) 

1 

peroxide 

1 

strangulation 

1 

bubbling 

1 

earth 

1  lead 

1 

petrify 

1 

sulphur 

1 

burn 

12 

east 

3  life  (1) 

3 

physics 

6 

sun 

1 

burning 

(8) 

82 

electrolysis 

1  light 

3 

physiology 

5 

sunlight 

1 

carbon 

(1) 

6 

energy 

1  liquefaction 

1 

potassium 

1 

tanks 

1 

carbonization 

1 

European 

1  liquefy 

1 

P. 

1 

tin 

1 

catalytic 

1 

evaporation 

1  L. 

1 

Priestley 

1 

tissue 

3 

cell 

1 

experiment 

1  lungs 

1 

process 

(3) 

24 

union 

1 

cells 

1 

exposure 

1  mathematics 

1 

processes 

1 

ventilation 

3 

change 

8 

fermentation 

1  medicine 

1 

products 

2 

vigor 

1 

chemical 

(1) 

9 

fire 

(2) 

19  metabolism  (1) 

1 

progress 

(1) 

1 

water 

(1) 

13 

chemicals 

2 

fitters 

1  metal 

4 

purification 

3 

welding 

1 

chemistry  (15) 

130 

fizz 

1  metals 

2 

purse 

1 

west 

3 

color 

1 

flame 

(1) 

2  mineralogy 

1 

putrefaction  (1) 

1 

western 

1 

combine 

1 

food 

3  muscle 

1 

putter 

1 

yeast 

1 

combustion 

(1) 

10 

foundation 

1  neutralization 

1 

rain 

1 

zinc 

(1) 

2 

conflagration 

1 

gas 

(2) 

10 

83.  HAEMOGLOBIN. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

85. 

Failure  Frequency,  71. 

active 

1 

Choctaw 

1  globular 

2 

homogeneous 

2 

physiology 

(3) 

19 

adrenalin 

1 

classroom 

1  globule 

4 

hospital 

1 

plant 

1 

advertisement 

1 

coagulate 

1  globules 

2 

humility 

1 

plasma 

1 

agglutination 

1 

coagulation 

1  gluttonous 

1 

hymen 

1 

pollywog 

1 

albumen 

1 

color 

7  goblins 

1 

hymeneal 

1 

protein 

1 

amoeba 

1 

coloring 

1  G. 

1 

incomplete 

1 

protoplasm 

1 

anaemia 

1 

corpuscle 

(1) 

12  Greek 

1 

ion 

1 

quinine 

1 

analysis 

1 

corpuscles 

(1) 

4  green 

1 

iron 

(1) 

7 

red 

(4) 

25 

anatomy 

2 

crystals 

1  haematin 

1 

jelly 

2 

scale 

1 

animal 

2 

deviation 

1  haematite 

1 

laboratory 

1 

science 

6 

assimilation 

1 

dietetics 

2  haematococcus 

1 

leaf 

1 

scientific 

2 

B. 

1 

doctor 

1  haemaltoporphyrin 

lecture 

2 

serum 

2 

beef  juice 

1 

drop 

1 

2 

leucocytes 

1 

shape 

1 

biology 

(1) 

16 

element 

1  haemoglobinometer 

light 

1 

smell 

1 

black  pill 

1 

entomology 

1 

1 

meat 

1 

stain 

3 

blood  (84) 

619 

fat 

1  haemolysis 

1 

medicine 

10 

substance 

3 

blood-curdling 

1 

fibrin 

1  half 

5 

milk 

3 

Sunday  papers 

1 

blood  substance  1 

figure 

1  half  globe 

1 

nutrition 

1 

Tallquist 

2 

body 

2 

fluid 

2  hemisphere  (1) 

15 

orange 

1 

teacher 

1 

botany 

3 

food 

5  hemispherical 

1 

organic 

1 

test 

4 

brain 

1 

German 

3  hemorrhage 

2 

O. 

1 

tuberculosis 

1 

carbon  dioxide  1 

germs 

(1) 

1  heterogeneous 

1 

oxygen 

3 

winter 

1 

cell 

2 

ghost 

1  Himalaya 

1 

oxyhaemoglobin 

1 

world 

1 

chemical 

3 

glauben 

1  Himalayas 

1 

(1) 

yellow 

1 

chemicals 

1 

globe 

9  H. 

1 

philosophy 

1 

yolk 

2 

chemistry 

(1) 

17 

G. 

1  home 

1 

physics 

1 

zoology 

3 

chlorophyll  (1)  2 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


55 


84.  AXIOM. 

Individuality  Frequency,  76. 


Failure  Frequency,  4. 


accident 

3 

demonstration 

1 

idiom 

4 

precept 

1 

statement 

(2) 

14 

adage 

1 

easy 

3 

immortality 

1 

principle 

(2) 

12 

straight 

1 

algebra 

(1) 

29 

epigram 

1 

Kant 

2 

problem 

2 

sure 

3 

answer 

1 

equal 

1 

know 

1 

proof 

(6) 

20 

surety 

1 

apparent 

2 

equals 

2 

knowledge 

1 

proportion 

1 

task 

1 

a  priori 

1 

equivalent 

1 

known 

2 

proposition 

(1) 

11 

teacher 

1 

argument 

(1) 

1 

established 

1 

law 

12 

prove 

(1) 

2 

ten 

2 

arithmetic 

(2) 

7 

Euclid  (1) 

8 

line 

1 

proved 

1 

text  book 

3 

assumption 

4 

evidence 

2 

logic 

(1) 

7 

proverb 

7 

theology 

1 

axe 

3 

evident 

5 

mathematics  (4)  35 

q.  e.  d. 

1 

theorum  ' 

(IS) 

85 

A. 

1 

example 

2 

maxim 

(1) 

3 

quotation 

1 

theory 

(2) 

15 

axiomatic 

6 

explanatory  (1) 

1 

meaning 

1 

reason 

(1) 

1 

thought 

1 

axis 

4 

expression 

1 

morals 

1 

rhythm 

1 

trigonometry  (1)  & 

axle 

1 

fable 

1 

motto 

3 

right 

1 

trite 

2 

belief 

1 

fables 

1 

mottoes 

1 

rule 

(1) 

28 

true 

(1) 

15 

book 

1 

fact  (1) 

13 

naturally 

1 

same 

1 

truism 

(1) 

8 

B. 

1 

figures 

1 

noun 

1 

sane 

1 

truth  (17)  ; 

223 

B. 

1 

first 

1 

obvious 

(1) 

2 

saying 

(1) 

12 

two 

1 

certain 

2 

fundamental 

3 

old 

1 

self  evident 

16 

understood 

1 

certainty 

1 

geometrical 

1 

one 

(1) 

2 

Seneca 

1 

undisputed 

1 

class 

1 

geometry  (22)  209 

paradigm 

1 

sentence 

1 

vaccination 

1 

coagulate 

1 

grammar 

2 

perimeter 

1 

short 

1 

variation 

(1) 

1 

common 

(1) 

1 

granted 

2 

philosophy 

3 

simple 

1 

verb 

1 

commonplace 

2 

hard 

1 

phrase 

3 

simplicity 

1 

word 

1 

conclusion 

1 

H.  (1) 

1 

plain 

1 

six 

1 

worth 

1 

corollary 

14 

hunger 

1 

Pope 

1 

stability 

1 

correct 

(1) 

3 

hypothesis 

1 

postulate 

(7) 

30 

85.  AMAZON. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

81. 

Failure  Frequency,  0. 

Africa 

1 

club 

1 

Greeks 

1 

negro 

2 

south 

1 

A  . 

1 

Colonel  Roosevelt  1 

gulf 

1 

Nile 

(1) 

2 

South  America 

60 

Alps 

1 

colored 

2 

Hippolyte 

3 

ocean 

2 

(6) 

amazement 

1 

coon 

1 

histor 

4 

Orinoco 

1 

South  American  1 

America 

(1) 

2 

distant 

1 

Homer 

1 

pampas 

1 

statue 

(1) 

4 

amethst 

1 

dress 

1 

horizontal 

1 

Pankhurst 

1 

stone 

(1) 

1 

Andes 

1 

ding 

1 

horse 

1 

para 

(1) 

1 

stream 

(1) 

1 

ancients 

1 

fair 

1 

horses 

1 

parrot 

(1) 

1 

strength 

5 

animals 

(1) 

1 

female  (1) 

4 

huge 

2 

Parthenon 

(1) 

1 

strong 

4 

arm 

1 

fight 

1 

Iliad 

1 

Penthesilea 

2 

suffragette 

(2) 

4 

Asia 

1 

fighter 

1 

Indian 

2 

person 

1 

tall 

1 

battles 

1 

fighters 

1 

island 

1 

Pinero 

2 

Teddy 

1 

B. 

1 

fighting 

1 

jungle 

1 

powerful 

2 

trees 

1 

belt 

1 

fine 

1 

lady 

5 

queen 

6 

valley 

2 

big 

6 

flowing 

1 

'large 

7 

race 

3 

vegetation 

1 

B. 

1 

forest 

2 

Latin 

1 

riding 

1 

waitress 

1 

black 

1 

F. 

1 

longest 

1 

river  (54)  • 

426 

Wallace 

(1) 

1 

Bohemian 

1 

fresh  water 

1 

lovely 

1 

rivers 

2 

war 

1 

brave 

(1) 

2 

geograph 

7 

maiden 

1 

Roosevelt 

(2) 

31 

warlike 

1 

brazen 

1 

giant 

1 

mighty 

1 

sculpture 

1 

warrior 

(1) 

7 

Brazil 

(7) 

49 

giantess 

1 

missionary 

1 

sexless 

(1) 

1 

water 

2 

bronze 

1 

girdle 

1 

Mississippi 

1 

ship 

1 

woman  (12)  ! 

212 

Bruenhilde 

2 

Goethe 

1 

mountain 

1 

size 

3 

women 

(1) 

27 

burlesque 

1 

Greece  (2) 

5 

mythology 

3 

soldier 

1 

zone 

1 

cannibal 

1 

Greek 

2 

86.  ISOSCELES 

Individuality  Frequency, 

'  36. 

Failure  Frequency,  6. 

acid 

(1) 

1 

equal  (9) 

63 

geometry 

(3) 

35 

like 

1 

sides 

1 

acute 

(1) 

1 

equal  angle 

1 

Greek 

3 

mathematics 

4 

square 

1 

Aeschylus 

1 

equality 

4 

height 

1 

point 

1 

stately 

1 

algebra 

1 

equal-legged 

1 

hexagon 

1 

pointed 

1 

Theocritus 

1 

angle 

1 

equal-sided 

1 

Holmes 

1 

pyramid 

2 

three 

2 

angles 

1 

equiangular  (1) 

2 

icicle 

2 

Pythagoras 

1 

triangle  (81)  1 

811 

angular 

1 

equilateral 

11 

isoderm 

1 

rectangle 

1 

triangles 

4 

balanced 

1 

Euclid 

1 

isomerism 

1 

rectangular 

2 

triangular 

1 

blackboard 

1 

even 

3 

isometric 

1 

roof 

1 

trigonometry  (2)  3 

chemistry 

1 

figure 

2 

large 

1 

same 

(1) 

1 

two 

2 

drawing 

1 

generalization  (1)1 

legs 

1 

scalene 

3 

56  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E .  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


8  7.  COHESION. 

Individuality  Frequency,  111. 


Failure  Frequency,  3. 


absorption 

1 

coapt 

1 

forces 

2 

medicine 

1 

society 

1 

addition 

1 

coefficient 

1 

friction 

2 

mercury 

1 

solid 

1 

adhere 

(1) 

10 

coercion 

1 

fusion 

2 

metals 

1 

sore 

1 

adherence 

(3) 

11 

cohabitate 

1 

gathering 

1 

molasses 

5 

stagnation 

adhering 

4 

cohere 

1 

geology 

1 

molecule 

6 

stamp 

4 

adhesion  (27)  274 

coherence 

(1) 

2 

glass 

5 

molecules 

(1) 

10 

stick 

(6) 

95 

adhesive 

2 

coherent 

(1) 

6 

glue 

(2) 

31 

mucilage 

(2) 

12 

stickiness 

(3) 

10 

adnation 

1 

collection 

1 

glueing 

1 

mud 

(1) 

2 

sticking  (13)  108 

affinity 

(1) 

1 

combination 

1 

gluey 

1 

occlusion 

1 

sticking  plaster 

1 

aggregation 

(1) 

1 

coming  together 

1 

great 

1 

operation 

2 

sticking  together  7 

agreement 

1 

community 

1 

gum 

2 

opposed 

1 

stick-to-it-iveness  2 

amalgamation 

1 

compact 

1 

hang 

1 

particle 

1 

stickum 

1 

apart 

1 

confusion 

1 

hang  together 

1 

particles 

(1) 

5 

sticky 

6 

atom 

(1) 

1 

connection 

3 

hatred 

1 

parts 

1 

strength 

4 

attach 

2 

contract 

1 

heat 

3 

paste 

2 

stringent 

1 

attracting 

1 

cosmic 

1 

hold 

2 

phenomenon 

1 

stuck 

1 

attraction 

(5) 

17 

diffraction 

(1) 

1 

holding 

2 

physics 

(8) 

52 

substance 

1 

binding 

(1) 

1 

diffusion 

2 

illustration 

1 

physiology 

2 

tape 

1 

biology 

1 

disassociation  (1)  1 

incoherent 

1 

plaster 

7 

themes 

1 

blackboard 

1 

drops 

1 

intestines 

1 

plates 

1 

tight 

1 

block 

1 

ear 

1 

join 

(1) 

2 

power 

1 

together 

(2) 

55 

blood 

4 

efferent 

1 

joining 

4 

protrusion 

1 

tube 

1 

brass 

1 

elastic 

1 

juxtaposition 

1 

pull 

2 

uniformity 

1 

bump 

1 

emphasis 

1 

Latin 

1 

pulling 

1 

union 

(1) 

13 

capillarity 

(1) 

1 

exclusion 

1 

L. 

1 

putting  together  1 

unit 

1 

capillary 

2 

expansion 

(1) 

5 

life 

1 

repulsion 

3 

unite 

1 

cement 

1 

experiment 

1 

logic 

1 

rubber 

1 

uniting 

1 

chalk 

1 

fast 

(1) 

1 

magnet 

1 

same 

1 

unity 

3 

chemistry 

(1) 

18 

fastened 

1 

magnetic 

1 

science 

2 

viscosity 

1 

cling 

1 

fate 

1 

magnetism 

1 

scientific 

1 

water 

(1) 

9 

clinging 

4 

firmness 

2 

marriage 

1 

separation 

1 

wax 

(1) 

1 

close 

1 

fixation 

2 

mass 

3 

shave 

1 

welding 

1 

coagulate 

1 

fixed 

1 

materials 

(1) 

2 

skull 

1 

wireless 

(1) 

1 

coagulation 

2 

force 

(6) 

19 

matter 

(1) 

5 

snow 

1 

with 

1 

coalesce 

1 

88. 

PROTOPLASM. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

109. 

Failure  Frequency, 

(1) 

5. 

albumen 

(1) 

8 

cells 

(4) 

16 

evolution 

2 

infinitesimal 

1 

nitella 

1 

alive 

1 

cell  sap 

1 

first  (1) 

7  ' 

irritability 

1 

nitrogen 

(2) 

4 

amoeba 

(9) 

77 

cellular 

1 

F. 

1 

jelly  (5) 

54 

nothing 

1 

analysis 

(1) 

1 

chasm 

1 

flesh  (2) 

9 

jelly-fish 

2 

nucleus 

7 

anatomy 

2 

chemistry 

(2) 

2 

fluid  (2) 

8 

knife 

1 

number 

(1) 

1 

ancient 

2 

child 

1 

foam  (1) 

1 

leaves 

1 

organism 

(2) 

7 

animal 

(3) 

14 

chlorophyll 

1 

food 

3 

life  (14)  : 

142 

origin 

(1) 

5 

animals 

2 

chromosome 

2 

form 

2 

life  matter 

1 

original 

1 

atheism 

1 

clear 

1 

formation 

1 

liquid 

2 

origins 

1 

atom 

1 

colloid 

1 

former  life 

1 

living 

6 

oyster 

1 

baby 

1 

colorless 

1 

gelatin 

1 

living  matter 

1 

paleontology 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

complex 

1 

gelatinous 

3 

lower 

1 

paste 

1 

basis 

1 

constituent 

1 

germ 

13 

mass 

8 

philosophy 

1 

beginning 

9 

C. 

1 

germinology 

1 

material 

2 

physical 

1 

beginnings 

2 

cytoplasm 

2 

germ  plasm 

1 

matter 

16 

physiology 

12 

biology 

(4) 

80 

cytoplasma 

1 

G. 

1 

medicine 

1 

plant 

(2) 

8 

bioplasm 

(1) 

1 

Darwin 

5 

globule 

1 

membrane 

1 

plants 

6 

blood 

(2) 

51 

divinity 

1 

glue 

1 

metabolism  (1) 

3 

plasm 

(1) 

3 

bloody 

1 

division 

1 

granules 

1 

metazoon 

1 

plasma 

1 

body 

(1) 

6 

drawing 

1 

gray 

2 

microscope  (1) 

5 

plaster 

1 

botany 

10 

earth 

1 

green 

1 

minute 

1 

plastic 

1 

brain 

1 

egg 

(2) 

9 

green  leaves 

1 

molecule 

1 

plastidule 

1 

bromide 

(1) 

1 

elemental 

1 

growth  (1) 

1 

move 

1 

prehistoric 

1 

bugs 

1 

elementary 

(1) 

3 

haemoglobin 

1 

movement 

1 

primary  material 

1 

carbon 

1 

embryo 

2 

histology 

2 

muscle 

1 

(1) 

cataclysm 

1 

embryology 

2 

human 

2 

mush 

1 

primeval 

1 

cell 

(14) 

91 

endoderm 

1 

Huxley  (1) 

5 

mussy 

1 

primitive 

6 

cell-life 

1 

environment 

1 

inert 

1 

myxomycete 

1 

primordial 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


57 


protean  1 

proteid  (1)  5 

protein  (1)  7 

protozoa  (1)  16 

protozoon  (1)  11 

pseudopod  1 

psychology  2 

pulp  1 

sap  1 


science  3 

serum  1 

simple  ( 1 )  5 

skin  3 

slime  (1)  2 

slimy  (1)  1 

small  1 

soft  3 

somoplasm  (1)  1 


sperm 

squashy 

starch 

sticky 

S. 

structure 

stuff 

substance 

term 


1  tiny  1  water  3 

1  tissue  6  Weismann  (1)  1 

2  transparent  1  wetness  1 

2  tree  1  white  3 

1  unknown  1  work  1 

3  viscous  2  worm  1 

(1)  2  vitalists  1  woze  1 


(3)  31  wabbly  (1)  1  zoology  21 

1  '  H  us':  XI 


89.  CENTRIFUGAL. 


Individuality  Frequency,  80. 
Failure  Frequency,  0. 


acceleration 

1 

creamery 

1 

heart 

1 

outward 

(2) 

4 

sling 

1 

action 

(1) 

1 

cream  separator 

2 

heat 

1 

paddle 

1 

speed 

5 

analysis 

1 

curve 

1 

hold 

1 

perimeter 

1 

sphere 

2 

apparatus 

1 

dairy 

1 

hold  together 

1 

peripheral 

1 

spinning 

2 

approach 

(1) 

1 

diagram 

1 

hundred 

1 

physics 

(1) 

42 

stone 

2 

astronomy 

1 

driven 

1 

hundredth 

1 

planetary 

1 

string 

3 

attraction 

2 

earth  (1) 

4 

hydraulics 

1 

power 

2 

sugar 

1 

away 

(1) 

4 

eccentric 

2 

illustration 

1 

precipitate 

1 

swinging 

1 

axiomatic 

1 

experiment 

1 

in 

1 

pull 

2 

swirling 

1 

axle 

1 

flank  wheel 

1 

inward 

3 

pulling 

1 

tangent 

2 

biology 

1 

fleeing 

3 

jump 

2 

pump 

(2) 

4 

tangential 

1 

blood 

1 

flight 

2 

light 

1 

rapidity 

1 

throw 

1 

body^ 

2 

fly 

6 

machine 

(6) 

14 

revolution 

1 

top 

1 

center 

36 

flying  (5) 

17 

machinery 

1 

revolving 

2 

toward 

1 

center  force 

1 

flying  off 

1 

mathematics 

1 

ring 

1 

turn 

1 

central 

7 

flying  out  (1) 

1 

mechanics 

1 

rotating 

1 

turning 

1 

“centrif” 

1 

fly  wheel 

1 

middle 

1 

rotation 

(2) 

7 

universe 

1 

centrifuge 

(1) 

IS 

force  (33)  448 

milk 

2 

round 

3 

up 

1 

centripetal  (27)  173 

forces 

2 

misnomer 

(1) 

1 

science 

1 

urine 

1 

churn 

1 

forward 

1 

motion 

(3) 

13 

sediment 

1 

water 

1 

circle 

12 

from 

2 

movement 

(1) 

1 

seeking  the 

wheel 

(3) 

21 

circular 

(1) 

7 

fugue 

1 

mud 

1 

center 

1 

whirl 

(1) 

s 

circumference 

3 

geometrical 

1 

neurones 

1 

separate 

1 

whirling 

(3) 

14 

concentrate 

1 

gravitation 

3 

off 

1 

separation 

1 

working 

1 

converging 

1 

gravity  (1) 

2 

out 

(1) 

3 

separator 

(1) 

5 

world 

1 

cream 

2 

grindstone 

1 

out  from 

1 

air 

1 

amoeba 

4 

analysis 

(1) 

1 

animal 

(1) 

6 

animals 

1 

atom  (47) 

463 

atoms 

13 

attraction 

2 

ball 

(1) 

2 

beginning 

1 

big 

1 

biology 

10 

blood 

2 

body 

(1) 

5 

botany 

1 

brain 

1 

brick 

1 

carbonic  acid  (1)  1 

cell 

3 

chemistry  (10) 

84 

circle 

1 

combination 

(2)  3 

composition 

1 

compound 

1 

90.  MOLECULE. 

Individuality  Frequency,  62. 


Failure  Frequency,  3. 


compression 

1 

invisible 

(1) 

1 

object 

1 

corpuscle 

1 

ion 

6 

oxygen 

1 

diminutive 

1 

ions 

1 

oyster 

1 

division 

2 

iron 

(1) 

1 

part 

7 

dot 

1 

law 

(1) 

1 

particle 

(8) 

32 

drop 

1 

life 

2 

particles 

2 

dust 

2 

little 

12 

philosophy 

1 

dynamic 

1 

mass 

2 

physiics 

(1) 

38 

election 

(2) 

3 

matter 

(3) 

34 

picture 

1 

element 

4 

microscope 

1 

plant 

2 

enzyme 

1 

minimum 

1 

playful 

1 

expansion 

1 

minute 

(1) 

6 

point 

(1) 

1 

fathom 

1 

minuteness 

2 

pollywog 

1 

fish 

1 

mole 

(1) 

2 

portion 

(1) 

2 

force 

1 

molecular 

(1) 

6 

protein 

2 

form 

2 

molecular  weight  1 

protoplasm 

3 

gas  (1) 

1 

moles 

1 

science 

1 

germ 

3 

mollusc 

(2) 

8 

scientific 

1 

granule 

(1) 

1 

mollycoddle 

3 

simple 

1 

hypothesis 

2 

molybdenum 

1 

single 

1 

hypothetical 

1 

motion 

2 

size 

2 

imaginary 

(1) 

1 

mouse 

1 

small 

(5) 

90 

infinitesimal 

4 

number 

(1) 

1 

small  atom 

1 

smallest  3 

smallness  4 

small  particle  1 
speck  6 

specks  1 

sphere  (l)  5 

spot  1 

stone  1 

structure  2 

substance  2 

sugar  1 

tension  1 

theory  2 

tiny  9 

two  1 

ultimate  (1)  1 

uncutable  1 

unit  6 

units  l 

vortex  1 

water  (1)  10 

zoology  2 


58  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

91.  COTYLEDON. 


Individuality  Frequency,  91. 
Failure  Frequency,  (1)  139. 


analysis 

1 

chlorophyll 

1 

flower 

(8) 

86 

mammoth 

1 

prehistoric 

1 

anatomv 

1 

class 

1 

flowers 

9 

maple 

1 

root 

(1) 

1 

anorinsoerm  (1) 

1 

cochineal 

1 

fluid 

1 

mathematics 

1 

round 

1 

animal 

1 

coddle 

1 

food 

1 

medical 

2 

science 

3 

(8) 

76 

collodium 

2 

F. 

1 

medicine 

2 

seed 

(13) 

92 

beans 

(2) 

8 

colloid 

1 

Galveston 

1 

mollycoddle 

1 

seed  leaf 

1 

biology 

(1) 

7 

colloids 

1 

geology 

(1) 

1 

monocotyledon 

3 

seedling 

(1) 

4 

blade 

1 

colytic  ( 1 ) 

1 

geometry 

(1) 

4 

monocotyledonous 

seeds 

2 

bone 

1 

conifer 

1 

germination 

1 

8 

shell 

(1) 

2 

botanical 

4 

connective 

1 

grease 

1 

nothing 

1 

side 

1 

botany 

(8) 

105 

corn 

5 

Greek 

3 

oil 

4 

sided 

1 

bud 

1 

cotillion 

2 

green 

1 

one 

1 

skeleton 

1 

butter 

4 

cottage 

1 

ground 

1 

page 

2 

species 

(1) 

1 

butterfly 

1 

cottolene 

13 

half 

2 

part  (1) 

1 

spore 

1 

cardboard 

1 

cotton  (1) 

11 

halves 

1 

pea  (1) 

3 

spreading 

1 

cart 

1 

cotton  seed 

2 

hypocotyledon 

1 

petal 

2 

spring 

1 

carthage 

1 

cotton  wood 

1 

ignorance 

1 

physiology 

1 

stem 

1 

cartilage 

(1) 

8 

cow 

1 

infant 

1 

pine 

1 

substance 

1 

cat 

(1) 

1 

darkness 

1 

jar 

2 

pine  tree 

1 

sugar 

1 

cataclysm 

1 

die-  (1) 

1 

kernel 

1 

pistil  (1) 

1 

teacher 

1 

catalytic 

1 

dicotyledon  (1) 

24 

lard 

6 

piston 

1 

technical 

2 

catastrophe 

1 

dicotyledonous 

2 

lard  bucket 

1 

placenta 

2 

temerity 

1 

Catiline 

4 

dictionary 

2 

leads 

1 

plant  (24) 

131 

tendon 

1 

Caucasus 

1 

difficult 

1 

leaf  (12) 

59 

plants  (1) 

8 

tree 

4 

cauterize 

1 

embryo  (1) 

6 

leaves 

(1) 

12 

plumule 

2 

two 

(1) 

6 

cell 

(1) 

3 

embryology 

1 

life 

2 

pollen 

1 

T. 

1 

Ceylon 

1 

endogenous 

1 

lily 

(1) 

1 

polycotyledon 

2 

young  plant 

1 

chemical 

1 

eye 

1 

lima  bean 

1 

polyhedron 

1 

Yser 

(1) 

1 

chemistry 

(1) 

6 

figure 

3 

linen 

1 

powder 

1 

zoology 

2 

92.  ABSCISSA. 

Individuality  Frequency,  98. 
Failure  Frequency,  (1)  107. 


abscess 

(2) 

65 

chart 

(1) 

2 

division 

(1) 

1 

mathematics  (4)  48 

psychology 

2 

abscission 

1 

charting 

1 

divisions 

1 

measurement 

1 

queen 

1 

absence 

4 

charts 

(1) 

.  2 

drafting 

1 

measuring 

1 

scale 

1 

absent 

5 

Charybdis 

1 

drawing 

2 

medical 

2 

schism 

1 

absinthe 

6 

chasm 

2 

equation 

1 

medicine 

2 

science 

3 

absorb 

1 

chirurgy 

1 

expansion 

1 

molasses 

1 

scientific 

1 

abstract 

1 

circle 

(1) 

4 

expectation 

1 

monissa 

1 

scissors 

5 

abysmal 

1 

classroom 

1 

figure 

(1) 

3 

name 

2 

separation 

3 

abyss 

6 

coefficient 

1 

flower 

4 

narcissus 

3 

sister 

1 

Abyssinia 

4 

college 

1 

from 

1 

nature 

1 

S 

1 

Abyssinian 

1 

comet 

1 

function 

(1) 

1 

number 

2 

sore 

1 

across 

2 

conic 

1 

geometric 

1 

obssession 

2 

space 

1 

Africa 

1 

coordinant 

(1) 

3 

geometry 

(5) 

47 

opening 

1 

square 

1 

algebra 

11 

coordinate 

(6) 

40 

grammar 

1 

ordinal 

1 

squares 

3 

analytic 

1 

coordinates  (1) 

6 

graph 

(3) 

22 

ordinant 

4 

statistics 

4 

analytic 

country 

2 

graphics 

1 

ordinate  (31) 

182 

surd 

1 

geometry 

4 

crevice 

1 

graphs 

(1) 

1 

ordinates  (1) 

4 

tangent 

2 

analytics 

(1) 

11 

cross 

2 

height 

1 

oval  (1) 

1 

technical 

1 

angle 

1 

cross  section 

1 

hiss 

1 

parabola 

2 

theorem 

2 

angles 

1 

curve 

(5) 

14 

history 

1 

parallel 

1 

titrate 

1 

apart 

1 

cut 

(1) 

13 

horizontal 

2 

part  (1) 

2 

tooth 

1 

arithmetic 

6 

cutting 

(1) 

9 

.  hospital 

1 

perpendicular 

1 

tracing 

1 

astronomy 

1 

departure 

1 

hyperbola 

4 

physics 

5 

trans 

1 

axes 

(1) 

3 

depth 

1 

hypothenuse 

3 

physiology 

2 

triangle  (4) 

29 

axis 

5 

Descartes 

(1) 

1 

incisor 

1 

pipsissewa 

1 

trigonometry 

47 

bacteriology  (1) 

1 

description 

(1) 

1 

index 

1 

plane 

1 

trite 

1 

base 

3 

diagram 

(1) 

3 

insect  wing 

(1) 

1 

plant 

1 

under  (1) 

1 

biology 

1 

diagrams 

1 

language 

1 

plasmolysis 

1 

upright 

1 

botany 

4 

diameter 

1 

Latin 

3 

pleasure 

1 

vertical 

2 

bottom 

1 

dictionary 

2 

length 

(1) 

2 

plot 

4 

X 

1 

brain 

1 

dimension 

1 

line  (15) 

66 

plotting 

2 

x  axis 

2 

brother 

1 

direction 

1 

lines 

3 

point 

3 

x  +  y 

1 

calculus 

3 

directrix 

1 

logarithm 

3 

points 

2 

y  axis 

1 

Cartesian 

2 

distance 

(1) 

3 

logarithms 

1 

positive 

1 

zenith 

1 

characteristic 

1 

divide 

1 

mantissa 

3 

proboscis 

1 

zero 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT  59 


93-  GRAVITATION. 


Individuality  Frequency,  81. 
Failure  Frequency,  2. 


action 

1 

draw 

1 

gravity 

(D 

30 

momemtum 

1 

settling 

1 

aerial 

1 

drawing 

2 

gravy 

1 

motion 

1 

sex 

1 

apparatus 

1 

drop 

5 

ground 

1 

move 

1 

solids 

1 

apple 

(2) 

19 

dropping 

1 

heavy 

8 

nature 

1 

specific 

2 

astronomy 

1 

dyne 

1 

height 

1 

N. 

1 

speed 

1 

attraction 

(6) 

34 

earth  (IS) 

107 

hill 

1 

Newton  (18)  : 

187 

square 

(1) 

1 

aviation 

1 

equator 

1 

Holt’s  Ledge 

1 

pedestal 

(D 

1 

stone 

(1) 

6 

balance 

1 

erg 

1 

hope 

1 

physical 

2 

subtraction 

1 

ball 

(1) 

5 

exhortation 

1 

hydrometer 

1 

physics 

(6) 

66 

sun 

(1) 

3 

bodies 

1 

experiment 

1 

inertia 

1 

physics 

swing 

1 

body 

1 

fall  (4) 

39 

insoluble 

1 

experiment 

1 

system 

r 

B. 

1 

falling  (6) 

46 

(Sir)  Isaac 

1 

pole 

2 

theory 

(2) 

12 

bullet 

1 

falling  body 

1 

(Sir)  Isaac 

power 

5 

32.2 

i 

car 

1 

feather 

1 

Newton 

1 

process 

1 

tire 

i 

center 

(1) 

7 

force  (7) 

146 

law 

(4) 

42 

pull 

(3) 

21 

tumble 

i 

centrifugal 

3 

formula 

1 

laws 

2 

pulling 

2 

unfailing 

i 

centrifuging 

1 

fraction 

1 

levitation 

2 

repulsion 

1 

unit 

2 

clinostat 

1 

g.  .  (2) 

2 

magnet 

1 

resistance 

1 

units 

1 

C. 

1 

generalization 

1 

magnetism 

2 

rolling 

1 

velocity 

1 

constant 

(1) 

4 

geography 

2 

mass 

(4) 

6 

root 

1 

volume 

1 

converging 

1 

globe  (2) 

2 

matter 

1 

scale 

1 

water 

2 

Darwin 

1 

grave 

2 

mercury 

1 

science 

2 

weighing 

1 

declivity 

1 

gravid  (1) 

1 

method 

1 

scientific 

1 

weight 

(7) 

68 

descent 

1 

gravimetric 

3 

molecular 

(1) 

1 

secret 

1 

world 

1 

down 

CD 

9 

gravitate  (1) 

2 

molecule 

1 

separation 

1 

downward 

4 

94.  GALVANIC. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

58. 

Failure  Frequency,  6. 

action 

(3) 

14 

energy 

3 

heat 

1 

metals 

1 

stimulation 

3 

apparatus 

1 

equator 

1 

instrument 

3 

meter 

3 

storm 

1 

attraction 

2 

experiment 

(D 

1 

iron 

36 

motor 

1 

strong 

4 

bath  tub 

1 

explosive 

1 

Italy 

2 

needle 

2 

structure 

1 

batteries 

(D 

1 

Faraday 

2 

jar 

1 

physics 

28 

tank 

2 

battery 

(28)  : 

253 

faradic 

(3) 

7 

jerk 

1 

power 

10 

Texas 

1 

bottle 

1 

force 

(D 

53 

jump 

1 

press 

1 

theory 

5 

bright 

1 

French 

1 

laboratory  (1) 

1 

pressure 

9 

thermometer 

1 

burn 

1 

frog 

(3) 

12 

law 

2 

process 

2 

tin 

7 

cell 

(7) 

56 

frogs 

3 

life 

1 

psychology 

1 

Titanic 

1 

cells 

(D 

1 

Galileo 

(D 

1 

lining 

1 

psychometer 

1 

tub 

1 

chemistry 

9 

Galton 

1 

live 

1 

rapid 

1 

tube 

1 

coil 

(D 

1 

Galva 

2 

machine 

2 

reaction 

1 

twitch 

1 

copper 

2 

Galvan 

1 

machinery 

2 

reactions 

1 

vanguard 

1 

current 

(ID 

75 

Galvani 

(D 

9 

magnet 

2 

reflex 

2 

vats 

1 

currents 

2 

galvanize 

10 

magnetic 

2 

roof 

1 

vessel 

1 

d’Arsonval 

1 

galvanized 

2 

magnetism 

1 

schoolroom 

1 

volcano 

2 

discharge 

1 

galvanometer 

10 

man  (1) 

2 

science 

1 

volt 

2 

dynamic 

3 

galvanoscope 

3 

mechanics 

2 

shock  (2) 

9 

Volta  (2) 

4 

electric 

(6) 

46 

Galveston 

6 

mercury 

1 

sinusoidal 

1 

voltaic  (1) 

4 

electrical 

4 

G. 

2 

metabolism 

1 

soap 

1 

voltmeter 

1 

electrical  cell  (1)1 

great  force 

1 

metal 

5 

static 

3 

wire 

1 

electricity  (24)  179 

hard 

2 

metallic 

1 

steel 

1 

zinc 

4 

60  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 

95.  LOGARITHM. 


Individuality  Frequency,  92. 
Failure  Frequency,  1. 


abscissa 

1 

cosine 

(1) 

2 

hate 

1 

Naperian 

2 

series 

1 

algebra 

(3) 

47 

curve 

2 

higher 

natural 

1 

sine 

(2) 

5 

analysis 

(1) 

1 

decimal 

(1) 

8 

mathematics 

1 

nine 

1 

slide  rule 

2 

analvtics 

1 

decimals 

1 

Holman’s 

tables 

1 

number 

GO) 

56 

S. 

1 

anti-logarithm  (1)2 

deduction 

1 

index 

(1) 

2 

numbers 

(3) 

26 

solution 

1 

arithmetic 

34 

differentiation 

1 

infinity 

1 

page 

1 

speed 

1 

base 

3 

difficult 

2 

Japanese 

1 

part 

2 

square 

2 

bird 

1 

difficulty 

1 

J. 

2 

per  cent 

1 

study 

2 

blackboard 

2 

divide 

1 

K. 

1 

physics 

1 

sum 

1 

black  book 

1 

D. 

1 

labyrinth 

1 

P. 

2 

surveying 

2 

book 

(5) 

53 

e. 

1 

Latin 

1 

P. 

1 

symbol 

(1) 

1 

books 

1 

easy 

1 

L. 

1 

plane 

1 

system 

1 

B. 

(1) 

2 

element 

1 

L. 

1 

power 

(4) 

8 

table 

(16) 

18 

C. 

1 

engineering 

1 

lobster 

1 

powers 

1 

tables 

(2) 

38 

calculate 

1 

Euclid 

1 

log 

2 

principle 

1 

tangle 

1 

calculation 

7 

examination 

1 

logarithm 

table 

1 

problem 

(1) 

5 

ten 

(1) 

2 

calculus 

4 

exponent 

(1) 

12 

log-chain 

1 

problems 

1 

theorem 

1 

catalogue 

1 

exponential 

1 

logic 

1 

progression 

1 

theory 

1 

C. 

(1) 

1 

F. 

1 

longitude 

1 

proof 

1 

together 

1 

chemistry 

1 

figure 

3 

L. 

1 

reciprocal 

1 

transcendental 

1 

coefficient 

1 

figures 

(3) 

24 

mantissa 

3 

root 

(1) 

1 

triangle 

1 

college 

1 

formula 

1 

manual 

1 

rotten 

1 

trigonometry  \ 

223 

cologarithm 

2 

function 

(1) 

1 

M. 

1 

row  of  figures 

1 

(IS) 

column 

2 

geodesy 

1 

mathematics  115 

rule 

2 

trouble 

1 

common 

1 

geometry 

(1) 

36 

(ID 

school 

1 

useless 

1 

complicated 

1 

great 

1 

misery 

1 

science 

2 

Weber’s  law 

1 

computation 

(3) 

7 

hard 

2 

multiplication 

5 

sea. 

(1) 

1 

window  seat 

1 

correlation 

1 

hardships 

1 

Napier 

(8)  26 

secant 

1 

96.  CALYX. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

,  70. 

Failure  Frequency,  (2) 

41. 

alchemist 

1 

color 

1 

K. 

1 

passion  flower 

1 

shape 

1 

anatomy 

1 

corolla  (22) 

132 

K. 

1 

perianth 

(1) 

2 

shell 

1 

animal 

2 

corona 

3 

K. 

(1) 

1 

petal 

(3) 

19 

skeleton 

1 

apples 

1 

cuneiform 

1 

kidney 

2 

petals 

(1) 

2 

skin 

1 

beautiful 

1 

crystal 

1 

larynx 

1 

physiology 

1 

spiral 

1 

Bible 

1 

cup 

(1) 

12 

leaf 

1 

pink 

1 

stalk 

1 

biology 

2 

curve 

2 

lily 

9 

pistil 

6 

stamen 

(1) 

8 

book 

1 

drill 

1 

lime 

(1) 

1 

plant 

(9) 

59 

stamens 

(1) 

1 

botanical 

(1) 

2 

eat 

1 

lotus 

1 

plants 

7 

stem 

(1) 

8 

botany 

(5) 

75 

electricity 

1 

morning  glory 

1 

point 

2 

stone 

1 

bud 

1 

flower  (41) 

464 

morphology 

1 

pollen 

5 

substance 

1 

Calais 

1 

flowers 

(2) 

19 

mould 

1 

powder 

1 

tapeworm 

1 

Calef 

1 

fruit 

(1) 

1 

myths 

1 

quandary 

1 

tooth 

2 

Caliph 

1 

geology 

1 

name 

1 

rananculus 

1 

top 

1 

Calixtus 

1 

geometry 

2 

nasturtium 

1 

root 

1 

triangle 

1 

Calox 

(1) 

9 

grand 

1 

nature 

1 

rose 

1 

unknown 

1 

catastrophe 

1 

Greek 

2 

odor 

1 

salt 

1 

vacate 

1 

C. 

1 

green 

6 

onyx 

(1) 

1 

science 

1 

violet 

2 

Celtic 

1 

heat 

2 

orchid 

1 

seed 

(1) 

1 

waxen 

1 

chalice 

3 

helix 

2 

outer 

1 

sepal 

(2) 

8 

wound 

1 

chemistry 

1 

history 

1 

part 

1 

sepals 

(1) 

3 

yellow 

1 

circle 

2 

index 

2 

97. 

POLARIZATION. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

132. 

Failure  Frequency, 

6. 

acids 

1 

asters 

1 

biology 

1 

cells 

(2) 

3 

cockroach 

1 

angle 

1 

astronomy 

3 

bodies 

1 

center 

3 

cold 

4 

apparatus 

(1) 

2 

atoms 

2 

body 

2 

centralization 

3 

compass 

3 

arctic 

1 

attraction 

8 

botany 

1 

changing 

1 

converging 

1 

arrangement  (1)  1 

axis 

1 

bubbles 

1 

chemical 

1 

C. 

2 

arranging 

1 

battery 

(2) 

31 

carbon 

1 

chemistry 

(1) 

12 

copper 

1 

arrow 

1 

bear 

(1) 

3 

cell 

(2)  30 

chromosomes 

1 

crater 

1 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


61 


crosses  1 

crystal  (1)  3 

crystallization  (1)3 
current  (2)  9 

currents  1 

cytology  1 

depolarization  1 

dextrous  1 

direction  (1)  3 

division  1 

earth  3 

egg  4 

electric  5 

electrical  (1)  3 

electricity  (2)  130 

electrode  2 

electrodes  1 

electrolysis  2 

electro-magnet  1 

end  3 

ends  (1)  2 

energy  1 

engine  1 

eugenics  1 

examination  1 

expedite  1 

experiment  1 

explorer  1 

eyes  1 

fat  (1)  1 

fertile  1 

fertilization  5 


filings  1 

flower  10 

flowers  2 

focussing  1 

force  2 

formaldehyde  1 
freeze  1 

freezing  1 

frigid  1 

G.  i 

geography  2 

glass  (1)  1 

globe  1 

golf  1 

grace  1 

harmonization  1 
heat  2 

heavens  1 

heredity  1 

hospital  1 

hydrogen  3 

ice  1 

instrument  (2)  4 

ionization  2 

iron  1 

isomerism  1 

laboratory  1 

law  1 

lens  1 

leptolene  1 

light  (52)  320 
lily  1 


lines 

liver 

magnet  (2) 

magnetic 

magnetism  (1) 

magnetization 

magnets 

maturation 

mercury 

metal 

microscope  (1) 

mineralogy 

mitosis 

motion 

movement 

moving 

navigation 

needle 

needless 

negative  (1) 

neutralization 

Nicol 

nitrate 

non-polarizable 

north 

North  Pole 

optics 

Peary 

perplexity 

phenomenon  (1] 

philosophy 

physical  chem. 

(1) 


1 

physics  (4) 

67 

sea 

1 

physiology 

pistil 

1 

separation 

27 

1 

Shackelton 

3 

plant 

2 

spar 

26 

plants 

1 

spectroscope 

1 

Polack 

1 

spectrum 

1 

Poland 

1 

spindle 

1 

polar  (3) 

5 

stamen  ( 

1 

polar  bear 

1 

star 

1 

polarimetric 

1 

starch  ( 

6 

polariscope  (1) 

6 

Steffanson 

1 

polarity 

1 

stick 

2 

polarized 

1 

storage 

2 

pole 

16 

sugar  ( 

2 

poles 

7 

sugars  ( 

1 

pollen 

3 

sun 

1 

porous 

1 

tartaric 

2 

position 

2 

telescope  ( 

1 

powder 

1 

theory 

2 

pressure 

1 

together 

1 

prism 

4 

trigonometry 

1 

process 

1 

tube 

1 

psychology 

1 

turn 

1 

3 

Ramon  y  Cajal 
0) 

1 

turning 

watch 

1 

red 

1 

water 

2 

refraction 

1 

weakening 

3 

repetition 

1 

whiteness 

1 

reproduction 

1 

wind 

1  1 

retina 

1 

yellow 

1 

rhomboidal  (1) 

1 

Z. 

98.  CEPHALIC. 

Individuality  Frequency,  120. 
Failure  Frequency,  (5)  42. 


acid 

3 

cerebrum 

1 

form 

1 

medicine 

3 

seraphic 

2 

action 

2 

cervical 

(1) 

1 

ganglion 

2 

medium 

1 

seven 

1 

adj  ective 

2 

Charybdis 

1 

general 

1 

medullar 

1 

Sisyphus 

1 

anatomy 

1 

chemistry 

1 

geology 

1 

membrane 

6 

skin 

1 

ancient 

1 

child 

2 

ghosts 

1 

mesocephalic 

1 

skull 

12 

androcephalic 

1 

compression 

1 

giant 

1 

microcephalic 

1 

sleep 

1 

angel 

1 

cranium 

1 

gland 

4 

mind 

1 

slink 

1 

angelic  (1) 

2 

degenerate 

1 

gonorrheal 

1 

neck 

1 

sociology 

1 

animal 

2 

dictionary 

4 

good 

1 

nerve  (1) 

2 

sour 

1 

anterior 

1 

difficult 

1 

Greek 

1 

nerves 

1 

sphinx 

1 

anthropology 

4 

diffuse 

1 

groove 

1 

neurology  (1) 

1 

spinal 

1 

ascetic 

1 

disease 

19 

growth 

1 

nomenclature 

1 

spirits 

1 

baby 

1 

division 

1 

haziness 

1 

obstetrics 

1 

squid 

1 

back 

1 

dog 

1 

head  (34) 

287 

occipital 

1 

stone 

1 

belly 

1 

dolicho- 

2 

heads 

1 

person 

1 

suffice 

1 

biology  (1) 

4 

dorsal 

(1) 

2 

headwards  (1) 

1 

petal 

2 

sufficient 

1 

blind 

1 

dorso- 

1 

heaven 

1 

phalanx 

1 

suffix 

1 

body 

2 

elephantine 

1 

horse 

3 

phallic 

1 

suture 

1 

bone  (1) 

3 

elephants 

1 

hospital 

1 

physics 

3 

sylph 

1 

bones 

1 

embryo 

1 

hydro¬ 

1 

physiology 

9 

sympathetic 

1 

botany  (1) 

3 

embryology 

1 

hydrocarbon 

1 

plant 

1 

symphony 

1 

brachy- 

1 

embryonic 

(1) 

1 

hydrocephalic 

9 

podalic 

1 

synthetic 

1 

brachycephalic 

4 

encephalon 

1 

hydrocephalus 

2 

portion 

2 

syphilis 

10 

brain  (18) 

112 

end 

(1) 

3 

idiot  (1) 

1 

prognathous 

1 

syphilitic 

2 

brainy  (1) 

1 

endocephalic 

1 

ignorance 

1 

prophylactic 

2 

syphilization 

1 

bucephalus 

1 

ethnological 

1 

index  (23) 

140 

psychology 

3 

syphon 

1 

caliph  (1) 

2 

eugenics 

(1) 

1 

jaw 

1 

region  ( 1 ) 

3 

terrible 

1 

ceiling 

1 

eyes 

1 

large 

1 

round 

2 

thorax 

3 

centaur 

1 

fallacy 

1 

lobe 

3 

sage 

1 

thought 

1 

centipede 

1 

fallible 

1 

lobster 

2 

Sapphic  (1) 

1 

ulcer 

1 

central 

3 

feet 

1 

man 

2 

science 

9 

vein 

3 

centripetal 

1 

finger 

1 

meaning 

1 

scientific 

2 

Wassermann 

1 

cephalopod  (1) 

5 

flexure 

1 

measurement 

1 

sepal 

2 

white 

1 

cephalothorax 

2- 

force 

1 

median 

1 

sepulchral 

1 

woods 

1 

cephalus 

9 

forehead 

1 

medical  (1) 

3 

seraph 

1 

zoology  (1) 

3 

62 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


99.  PROTEID. 

Individuality  Frequency,  86. 


Failure  Frequency,  9. 


albumen  (3) 

30 

chemical 

1 

F. 

(1) 

1 

milk  (1) 

7 

proteus 

1 

amino-acid 

5 

chemistry 

(9) 

41 

food  (32)  422 

molecule  (1) 

5 

protest 

1 

amino-acids 

1 

C,  O,  H,  N  (1) 

1 

foods 

5 

multiform 

1 

protoplasm 

(6) 

18 

ammonia 

1 

colloid 

2 

food  stuff 

1 

muscle 

2 

protos 

1 

amoeba 

1 

commission 

1 

form 

1 

mythology 

2 

protozoa 

(1) 

5 

ancient 

1 

complex 

1 

formula 

1 

Nereid 

1 

protozoon 

1 

animal 

3 

compound 

(1) 

6 

fried  egg 

1 

nitrogen  (9) 

36 

purification 

1 

animalcule 

1 

cookery 

1 

gland 

1 

nitrogenous 

7 

ration 

1 

animals 

1 

cooking 

(1) 

1 

glutton 

i 

nourishment 

3 

reaction 

(1) 

1 

A. 

1 

corn 

2 

grain 

2 

nucleus 

1 

salt 

1 

backbone 

1 

diet 

6 

granule 

(1) 

1 

nutrient 

1 

sea 

1 

bacteriology 

1 

dietetics 

2 

gravy 

1 

nutriment 

1 

serum 

1 

bean 

3 

digestion 

2 

Greek 

1 

nutrition 

8 

small 

1 

beans  (l) 

6 

dinner 

1 

grub 

1 

ocean 

1 

starch 

(2) 

10 

beef  extract 

1 

early 

1 

health 

1 

organic 

1 

stiff 

(1) 

1 

beginning 

1 

eat 

3 

hybrid 

2 

organic  chemistry  2 

stomach 

1 

biochemistry  (1) 

1 

eats 

1 

hydrocarbon  (1) 

3 

organism 

1 

strength 

3 

biology 

6 

economics 

1 

hygiene 

3 

peptone 

1 

stuff 

(1) 

1 

birds 

1 

egg 

(4) 

18 

jelly 

1 

physics 

1 

substance 

(3) 

16 

blood 

1 

egg  albumen  (1) 

1 

J. 

1 

physiology  (1) 

8 

sugar 

4 

body 

3 

eggs 

2 

life 

(2) 

7 

polotin 

1 

T. 

1 

botany 

4 

egg  white 

1 

M. 

1 

polypeptids 

1 

thickness 

1 

bread  (l) 

3 

Endymion 

1 

many 

(1) 

1 

post 

1 

tissue 

1 

but 

evolution 

1 

material 

1 

potato 

2 

vegetable 

1 

carbohydrate  (1)  41 

fat 

24 

matter 

(1) 

4 

potatoes 

3 

vegetarian 

2 

carbohydrates 

2 

fats 

3 

meal 

1 

powder  (1) 

3 

vegetarianism 

1 

carbon 

4 

first 

2 

meat 

(4) 

S3 

predigested 

1 

wheat 

4 

casein  (l) 

1 

F. 

(1) 

2 

M. 

1 

primitive 

1 

word 

1 

cell  (i) 

3 

flesh 

1 

menu 

1 

protein  (1) 

14 

zoology 

2 

cheese 

3 

flour 

1 

metabolism 

(1) 

6 

100.  KINETIC. 

Individuality  Frequency, 

58. 

Failure  Frequency, 

,  12. 

acting 

1 

electrical 

1 

kaleidoscope 

1 

molecules 

1 

quick 

3 

action 

6 

electricity 

7 

kaleidoscopic 

1 

motion 

(ID 

60 

reaction 

2 

active 

5 

electrons 

1 

karyokinesis 

1 

move 

1 

relationship 

1 

activity  (1) 

2 

energetic 

(1)  1 

kidney 

1 

movement 

(3) 

21 

rest 

1 

association 

1 

energy  (43)  410 

kimono 

1 

movie 

1 

science 

2 

attraction 

1 

equivalent 

1 

kindred 

1 

moving 

(1) 

8 

sensation 

3 

available 

1 

fall 

1 

kinesis 

1 

muscle 

5 

skin 

1 

Canada 

1 

feeling 

1 

kinesthesis 

2 

muscles 

1 

sound 

1 

change 

1 

force  (13)  145 

kinesthetic 

7 

muscular 

1 

static  (2) 

15 

changing 

2 

forceful 

1 

kinetoscope 

3 

Yi  m  v2 

2 

steam 

1 

chemistry  (1) 

4 

function 

1 

latency 

1 

phonetic 

2 

strength 

1 

cinematograph 

1 

gas 

(1)  3 

latent 

2 

physical 

2 

sun  (1) 

2 

close 

1 

gases 

1 

light 

3 

physics 

(5) 

46 

swift 

2 

color 

2 

genesis 

1 

lively 

2 

potential 

(2) 

26 

sympathetic 

1 

Connecticut 

6 

Giddings 

1 

machine 

1 

power 

27 

technical 

2 

C. 

1 

glass 

1 

mass  (1) 

1 

powerful 

1 

theorem 

1 

doctor 

1 

heat 

(1)  12 

mechanic  (1) 

1 

pressure 

1 

theory  (11) 

56 

dynamic 

5 

hypothesis 

2 

mechanics  (1) 

6 

principle 

1 

tongue 

1 

dynamics 

1 

inertia 

1 

molecular 

4 

protoplasm 

1 

vigor 

1 

dynamo 

1 

interesting 

1 

molecule 

1 

psychology 

4 

writing 

1 

APPENDIX  TO  THE  FREQUENCY  TABLES. 


1.  Geography : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  political  division  in  geography. 

Any  noted  geographical  explorer  or  writer. 

2.  Participle : 

Any  term  of  grammar  or  syntax. 

Any  language. 

Any  participle. 

3.  Waterloo : 

Any  city  in  Belgium. 

Any  noted  military  or  naval  commander  in  the  European  armies  involved  in 
the  Napoleonic  campaigns. 

The  name  or  location  of  any  historically  important  engagement  in  the  world’s 
wars. 


4.  Refraction : 

Any  refracting  medium. 

Ocular  errors  of  refraction. 

Any  optical  instrument. 

Any  term  of  optics. 

5.  Arithmetic : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

6.  Botany : 

Any  botanical  term  or  name. 

Any  instrument  employed  in  experimental  or  other  work  in  botany. 
Any  term  of  agriculture. 

7.  Isomerism : 

Any  term  of  organic  chemistry. 

Methods  or  devices  for  distinguishing  isomers. 

Any  substance  of  a  group  of  isomers  or  polymers. 

8.  Portugal : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  political  division  in  geography. 


64  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


Any  term  in  biology. 


9.  Amoeba : 


10.  Declension : 

Any  term  of  grammar  or  syntax. 

Any  English  or  foreign  word  commonly  used  as  an  example  in  the  study  of 
declensions. 

Any  word  pertaining  to  ithe  study  of  language. 

11.  Burette. 

Any  word  pertaining  to  technique  or  apparatus  of  chemical  analysis. 

Any  substance  that  is  more  or  less  frequently  subjected  to  or  used  in 
volumetric  chemical  analysis. 


12.  Physics : 

Any  term  of  mathematics  or  physics. 

Any  method  or  apparatus  of  /the  physical  laboratory. 
Any  term  of  applied  physics. 


13.  Hyperbole : 

Any  term  of  grammar,  syntax,  or  rhetoric. 

Word  denoting,  or  pertaining  to,  emotional  element  of  expression,  or  accuracy 
in  expression. 

Any  term  of  mathematics. 


14.  Retina : 

Any  term  of  nervous  anatomy  or  physiology. 

Any  term  of  anatomy,  physiology,  or  pathology  of  the  visual  apparatus. 
Any  term  of  optics. 


15.  Coagulation : 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  a  transition  from  a  liquid  to  a  solid  state  or 
from  one  of  loose  to  one  of  more  compact  aggregation. 

Any  substance  that  is  commonly  subject  to  such  a  transition. 

Any  process,  mechanism,  or  agency  that  may  produce  or  hinder  coagulation. 
Any  component  of  blood,  egg,  milk,  muscle  or  other  typically  coagulable 
material. 


16.  Cervantes : 

Any  word  denoting  high  intellectual  distinction. 

Any  word  pertaining  to  literature  or  rhetoric. 

Any  character,  custom,  sentiment,  or  principle  prominently  dealt  with  in 
Cervantes’  Don  Quixote. 


17.  Franchise : 

Any  term  of  civics  or  political  economy. 

Any  general  or  special  designation  of  an  enterprise  commonly  requiring  a 
government  franchise  for  its  organization  or  maintenance. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


65 


Any  political  division  of  a  country  or  a  state. 

Any  population  group  of  a  country  or  a  state. 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  distinction  of  class  or  caste. 

18.  Subtraction : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

19.  Metabolism: 

Any  food  substance. 

Term  pertaining  to  ingestion,  digestion,  absorption  or  assimilation  of  food 
or  to  nutrition  in  any  way. 

Term  pertaining  to  destructive  tissue  changes  and  excretion. 

Any  organ,  system,  tissue  or  fluid  of  the  animal  body. 

Any  vital  function. 

Any  medicament,  poison,  or  disease  markedly  affecting  metabolism. 

Any  term  denoting  change  or  a  process  of  change. 

Any  hygienic  condition  or  principle  affecting  metabolism. 

20.  Predicate :  1 

Any  term  of  grammar  or  syntax. 

Name  of  any  language. 


21.  Mollusc : 

Any  term  of  zoology. 

Any  water  animal. 

Any  body  of  water  or  term  denoting  land  connected  therewith. 

22.  Inquisition : 

Word  denoting  any  form  of  torture  or  capital  execution. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  mediaeval  times  or  institutions. 

Word  denoting  any  judicial  authority  or  procedure. 

Any  ecclesiastic  term. 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  oppression,  derogatory  qualification  or 
resentment. 

23.  Amphibious: 

Any  term  of  zoology. 

Any  water  animal. 

Any  body  of  water  or  term  denoting  land  connected  therewith. 

Any  word  pertaining  to  habits  of  water  life,  such  as  methods  of  propulsion, 
etc. 

24.  Decimal : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

Any  term  pertaining  to  currency. 


66  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


25.  Hydraulic : 

Any  water-way  or  hydraulic  apparatus. 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  energy;  any  apparatus  for  the  production, 
measurement,  transmutation,  or  transmission  of  energy. 

Any  operation  of  engineering  that  may  be  performed  with  the  aid  of  hydraulic 
apparatus. 


26.  Osmosis : 

Any  animal,  vegetable,  or  artificial  tissue  or  apparatus  prominently  invovled 
in  phenomena  or  experiments  of  osmosis. 

Any  general  or  special  name  of  a  substance  noted  either  for  marked  diffusi- 
bility  or  for  indiffusibility  through  semi-permeable  membranes. 

Any  biological  function  prominently  dependent  on  the  phenomenon  of 
osmosis. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  movement  of  a  fluid  substance  or  permeability  of 
a  solid  substance. 


27.  Percentage : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

Any  word  pertaining  to  currency,  banking,  or  commerce. 

Any  term  of  scientific  or  applied  statistics. 

28.  Cerebellum : 

Any  part  of  the  nervous  system  or  of  the  skeleton  enclosing  it. 

Any  function  of  the  cerebellum. 

Any  common  symptom  of  cerebellar  disease. 

Any  pathological  process  or  lesion  that  may  affect  the  cerebellum. 

29.  Fractions : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

30.  Titration : 

Any  word  pertaining  to  technique  or  apparatus  of  chemical  analysis. 

Any  substance  that  is  more  or  less  frequently  subjected  to  or  used  in 
volumetric  chemical  analysis. 

Any  branch  of  science  or  technology  in  which  titration  forms  a  part  of  the 
technique. 


31.  Carbohydrate : 

Any  food  substance. 

Term  pertaining  to  the  ingestion,  digestion,  absorption,  or  assimilation  of 
food  or  to  nutrition  in  any  way. 

Term  pertaining  to  technique,  apparatus,  or  reagents  of  food  analysis. 

Any  organ,  system,  tissue  or  fluid  of  the  animal  body. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


67 


32.  Duodenum : 

Any  food  substance. 

Term  pertaining  to  the  ingestion,  digestion,  absorption,  or  assimilation  of 
food. 

Any  organ,  fluid,  or  function  of  the  digestive  system. 

Any  pathological  lesion  or  process'  that  may  affect  the  digestive  system;  any 
symptom  of  such  a  lesion  or  process. 

Any  medicament  or  therapeutic  procedure  commonly  employed  in  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  disorders  of  the  digestive  system. 

33.  Cosecant : 

Any  term  of  geometry  or  trigonometry. 

34.  Biology. 

Any  term  of  biology. 

The  name  of  any  institution  of  learning. 

Any  animal  or  plant. 


35.  Odyssey : 

Any  character  in  the  Homeric  poems. 

Any  term  of  literature. 

The  name  of  any  writer  or  locality  of  ancient  Greece  or  Rome  that  is  of 
historical  importance^ 


36.  Vertebrate : 

Any  term  of  zoology. 

Any  animal. 

Any  term  pertaining  to  the  vertebrate  skeleton. 

Any  division  of  the  body  characteristic  of  a  vertebrate  organism. 

37.  Gravimetric : 

Term  pertaining  to  technique  or  apparatus  of  chemical  analysis. 

Any  substance  that  is  more  or  less  frequently  subjected  to'  or  used  in  gravi¬ 
metric  chemical  analysis. 

Any  unit  or  system  of  weight  measure. 

38.  Federal : 

Any  high  office  or  department  of  the  federal  government. 

Any  country. 

Any  word  denoting  federation  or  union. 

The  name  of  a  president  of  the  United  States. 

Any  organization  of  whose  charter  or  corporation  name  the  word  “federal” 
forms  a  part. 


39.  Morphology : 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  a  pathological  condition. 
Any  term  of  biology,  anatomy,  or  physiology. 

Any  term  of  anatomic  technique  or  apparatus. 


68 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


40.  Hypothenuse : 

Any  term  of  geometry  or  trigonometry. 

41.  Magellan : 

Any  country,  continent,  or  ocean. 

Any  term  of  navigation  or  of  geography. 

Any  geographical  explorer  of  historical  importance. 

42.  Hexameter : 

Any  term  of  rhetoric. 

Any  noted  poet  or  poem. 

43.  Meteor : 

Any  term  of  astronomy. 

Any  word  descriptive  of  a  meteor,  its  composition,  movements  or  effects. 

44.  Momentum : 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  an  act  or  means  of  motion  or  of  sudden 
arrest  of  motion. 


45.  Cornwallis : 

Any  military  term  or  term  of  warfare. 

Any  word  referring  to  a  scene  or  incident  of  the  prominent  campaigns  in  the 
American  revolution. 

The  name  of  any  personage  of  historical  importance  connected  with  the  latter 
colonial  times,  the  revolution,  and  the  early  years  of  the  Union. 

46.  Protosoon : 

Any  term  in  biology. 

Any  disease  produced  by  a  protozoon. 

47.  Syntax : 

Any  term  of  grammar  or  syntax. 

Word  pertaining  to  the  study  of  language. 

Any  language. 

48.  Distillation : 

Any  operation  or  phenomenon  of  which  distillation  forms  a  part  or  which 
forms  a  part  of  distillation. 

Any  apparatus  which  is  used  in  distillation. 

Any  substance  which  is  more  or  less  commonly  subjected  to  distillation  or 
manufactured  with  the  aid  of  distillation. 

Any  chemical  or  technological  operation  which  may  be  employed,  like  dis¬ 
tillation,  for  the  purification  or  separation  of  substances. 

49.  Pollen : 

Any  term  of  botany. 

Any  agency  that  commonly  serves  for  transference  or  dissemination  of  pollen 
or  seeds. 

Any  term  pertaining  to  reproduction  of  biologic  organisms. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


69 


50.  Peninsula : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  political  division  in  geography. 

51.  Binoniial : 

Any  term  of  mathematics. 

52.  Crustacean : 

Any  term  of  zoology. 

Any  water  animal. 

Any  body  of  water  or  term  denoting  land  connected  therewith. 

53.  Bonaparte : 

Any  military  term  or  term  of  war  fare. 

Any  noted  military  or  naval  commander  in  the  European  armies  involved  in 
the  Napoleonic  campaigns. 

Any  word  referring  to  a  scene  or  incident  or  the  prominent  features  of  the 
Napoleonic  campaigns. 

Word[  expressing  or  implying  esteem  or  commendation  of  any  kind,  or  lack 
of  it. 


54.  Meridian: 

Any  geometric,  trigonometric,  or  astronomic  term  more  or  less  frequently 
employed  in  geography. 

Any  country,  prominent  city,  or  term  in  physical  geography. 

Any  term  of  navigation. 

Any  apparatus  of  navigation  or  astronomy. 

Any  division  of  the  diurnal  cycle. 

55.  Chlorophyll : 

Any  plant,  part  of  a  plant,  or  plant  constituent. 

Any  term  of  botany. 

56.  Tetrahedron : 

Any  term  of  geometry. 

Any  substance  commonly  met  with  in  crystalline  form. 

57.  Madagascar : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  political  division  in  geography. 

Any  tropical  animal,  plant,  or  commercial  product. 

Any  term  of  anthropology. 

58.  Corolla : 

Any  flower  or  part  of  one. 

Any  flowering  plant. 

Any  color. 


70  A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  1.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


59.  Ventral : 

Any  organ  or  region  of  the  animal  body. 
Any  animal. 

Any  term  of  anatomy. 


60.  Belgium : 

Word  obviously  referring  or  pertaining  to  the  war  of  1914-1919. 

Any  European  country. 

Any  Belgian  colony. 

Any  city  in  Belgium. 

Any  personage  prominently  connected  with  Belgian  history,  science,  literature, 
or  art. 


61.  Tangent : 

Any  term  of  geometry  or  trigonometry. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  contact  or  proximity. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  an  act  or  means  of  rapid  motion. 

62.  Dorsal : 

Any  organ  or  region  of  the  animal  body. 

Any  animal. 

Any  term  of  anatomy. 

63.  Colloid : 

Any  colloid  substance. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  a  transition  from  a  liquid  to  a  solid  state  or 
from  one  of  loose  to  one  of  more  compact  aggregation. 

Any  animal,  vegetable,  or  artificial  tissue  or  apparatus  prominently  involved 
Any  substance  that  is  commonly  subject  to  such  a  transition, 
in  experiments  of  osmosis. 

64.  Equator : 

Any  geometric,  trigonometric,  or  astronomic  term  more  or  less  frequently 
employed  in  geography. 

Any  term  of  physical  geography  or  meteorology. 

Any  country  or  prominent  city  situated  within  or  near  the  tropics. 

Any  tropical  animal,  plant,  or  commercial  product. 

Any  term  of  anthropology. 

Any  term  of  navigation. 

Any  apparatus  of  navigation  or  astronomy. 

65.  Judiciary. 

Any  term  of  law,  civics,  or  penology. 

Any  political  division  of  a  country  or  a  state. 

The  name  of  any  prominent  judge. 

66.  Synthesis : 

Any  product  of  synthetic  chemistry. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  a  transition  from'  a  lower  to  a  higher  degree  of 
complexity. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


7 1 


67.  A  thens : 

Any  word  pertaining  to  the  history,  art,  philosophy,  or  science  of  ancient 
Greece. 

Any  noted  city  of  ancient  Greece,  Rome,  Egypt,  or  Judea. 

Any  personage  of  importance  in  the  history  of  ancient  or  modern  Greece. 
Any  character  in  Greek  mythology. 

68.  Epithelium : 

Any  organ,  region,  or  tissue  of  an  animal  or  plant. 

Any  characteristic  anatomical  or  chemical  constituent  of  epithelial  organs. 

Any  variety  of  epithelium  or  epithelial  cells. 

Any  term  of  anatomy. 

Any  animal  or  plant. 

Any  secretion  or  excretion. 

Any  lesion  of  skin  or  mucous  membrane. 

69.  Feudalism : 

Any  term  of  civics  or  political  economy. 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  distinction  of  class  or  caste. 

Word  denoting  or  pertaining  to  mediaeval  times,  historical  incidents,  or 
institutions. 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  oppression,  derogatory  qualification,  or 
resentment. 

The  name  of  any  personage  or  place  of  historical  importance  connected  with 
mediaeval  times. 

Any  military  term  or  term  of  warfare. 

70.  Coefficient : 

Any  algebraic  symbol. 

Any  natural  phenomenon  the  law  of  which  is  more  or  less  commonly  ex¬ 
pressed  by  a  mathematical  formula. 

Any  term  of  mathematics. 

Any  number. 

Word  in  any  way  pertaining  to  scientific  or  applied  statistics. 

71.  Perennial : 

Any  word  involving  the  concept  of  time. 

Any  term  of  botany. 


72.  Plebeian : 

Any  term  of  civics  or  political  economy. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  distinction  of  class  or  caste. 

Word  denoting  or  pertaining  to  the  times,  historical  incidents,  or  institutions 
of  ancient  Rome  or  Greece. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  oppression,  derogatory  qualification,  or 
resentment. 

The  name  of  any  personage  or  place  of  historical  importance  in  connection 
with  ancient  Rome  or  Greece. 

Any  military  term  or  term  of  warfare. 


72  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


73-  Catalytic : 

Word  denoting  or  implying  chemical  activity  or  an  act  or  means  of  initiating 
or  hastening  chemical  activity. 

Any  term  of  chemistry. 


74.  Embryo : 

Any  word  denoting  or  implying  age. 

Any  term  of  biology. 

Any  animal  or  plant. 


75.  Spectrum : 

Any  term  of  optics. 

Any  apparatus  or  reagent  used  in  spectrum  experiments. 
Any  color. 


76.  Continent : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  country. 

Any  noted  geographical  explorer  or  writer. 

77.  Spore : 

Any  term  in  biology. 

Apparatus,  technique,  or  material  of  any  branch  of  experimental  biology. 
Word  denoting  or  implying  size,  appearance,  or  consistency. 

Any  spore  bearing  animal,  plant,  or  bacterium. 

78.  Theorem : 

Any  term  of  geometry  or  trigonometry. 

79.  Himalaya : 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  country. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  elevation,  means  of  elevation,  or  process  of 
elevation. 

Any  animal  or  plant. 


80.  Renaissance : 

Word  denoting  or  implying  mediaeval  times  or  institutions. 

Any  word  denoting  liberation,  emancipation,  enlightenment,  or  approving 
qualification. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  the  spirit  of  progress  as  contrasted  with  that  of 
conservatism. 

Any  European  nationality,  country,  or  important  city. 

Any  branch  of  literature,  art,  science,  or  civic  or  economic  activity. 

Any  personage  of  historical  importance  from  the  times  of  early  Italian 
Renaissance  to  those  of  the  French  revolution. 

Any  social  institution  markedly  affected  by  the  Renaissance. 

Any  product  of  handicrafts  inspired  by  the  styles  of  the  Renaissance. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


73 


81.  Quotient : 

Any  term  of  arithmetic  or  algebra. 

Any  number. 

Any  writing  implement  or  computing  device. 

82.  Oxidation : 

Any  term  of  chemistry. 

Any  result  or  manifestation  of  oxidation. 

Any  substance  commonly  subject  to  oxidation. 

Any  vital  process  involving  oxidation. 

Any  agency,  apparatus,  or  technique  employed  in  experiments  of  oxidation. 
Any  branch  of  science  or  technology  in  which  the  process  of  oxidation  plays 
an  important  part. 


83.  Haemoglobin : 

Any  term  of  animal  anatomy,  physiology,  or  pathology. 

Term  of  pathologic  technique  or  of  therapeutics  used  in  connection  with  the 
investigation  and  treatment  of  abnormal  conditions  of  the  blood. 

84.  Axiom : 

Any  term  of  metaphysical  dialectics. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  belief  or  feeling  of  certainty  or  conviction. 

Any  term  of  geometry. 

85.  Amazon: 

Any  term  or  name  in  physical  geography. 

Any  term  or  name  of  classical  mythology. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  the  female  sex. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  strength  or  aggressiveness. 

86.  Isosceles : 

Any  term  of  geometry. 

87.  Cohesion : 

Any  physical  property  of  matter. 

Any  adhesive  medium,  substance,  or  contrivance. 

Any  material  especially  noted  for  its  cohesion. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  a  state  of  aggregation  of  matter  or  resistance  to 
disaggregation. 


88.  Protoplasm: 

Any  term  of  biology. 

Word  pertaining  to  the  structure,  composition,  or  properties  of  protoplasm. 
Word  pertaining  to  apparatus,  technique,  or  reagents  of  biological  investi¬ 
gation. 


89.  Centrifugal : 

Any  term  of  dynamics  or  celestial  mechanics. 


74  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


Any  contrivance  involving  rotary  motion. 

Any  apparatus,  substance,  or  technique  of  investigation  or  manufacture  in¬ 
volving  the  use  of  centrifugal  force. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  rapid  motion. 

90.  Molecule : 

Any  term  of  chemistry. 

Any  chemical  substance. 

91.  Cotyledon : 

Any  term  of  botany. 

Any  plant. 

92.  Abscissa : 

Any  term  of  geometry  or  trigonometry. 

Word  pertaining  to  the  diagrammatic  representation  of  statistical 
measurements. 


93.  Gravitation : 

Any  term  of  celestial  mechanics,  aeronautics,  or  ballistics,  or  pertaining  to 
theory  of  motion. 

Any  means  of  measuring  weight  or  of  utilizing  the  force  of  gravitation. 

Any  measure  of  weight. 

Word  denoting  or  implying  weight. 

Any  substance  or  object  especially  noted  either  for  lightness  or  for  heaviness. 

94.  Galvanic : 

Any  term  of  electricity. 

Any  apparatus,  technique,  or  reagent  employed  in  electroplating. 

Any  substance  or  object  commonly  subjected  to  electroplating. 

Word  pertaining  to  physiological  effects  of  galvanic  electricity. 

95.  Logarithm : 

Any  term  of  mathematics. 

96.  Calyx : 

Any  term  of  botany. 

Any  flowering  plant. 

Any  color. 

97.  Polarisation : 

Any  term  of  optics. 

Any  apparatus,  technique,  or  substance  employed  in  experiments  with 
polarized  light. 

98.  Cephalic : 

Any  term  of  anatomy. 

Any  term  of  anthropology. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


75 


Any  animal. 

Any  term  of  nervous  or  mental  pathology. 

99.  Proteid : 

Any  food  substance.  t 

Term  pertaining  to  the  ingestion,  digestion,  absorption,  or  assimilation  of  food 
or  to  nutrition  in  any  way. 

Term  pertaining  to  technique,  apparatus,  or  reagents  of  food  analysis. 

Any  organ,  system,  tissue,  or  fluid  of  the  animal  body. 

Any  chemical  substance  which  enters  into  the  constitution,  or  which  may  be 
produced  as  a  decomposition  product,  of  proteids. 

100.  Kinetic : 

Any  term  of  physics. 

Any  source  or  manifestation  of  energy. 


PART  II.  NORMS  REPRESENTING  VARIOUS 
DEGREES  OF  EDUCATION. 


The  results  of  our  test  have  varied  greatly  in  different  subjects, 
depending  probably  on  many  factors;  among  these  education 
occupies,  of  course,  a  position  of  importance. 

For  the  purpose  of  measuring  the  influence  of  education  we 
collected  three  hundred  test  records  from  subjects  selected  as 
follows:  twenty-five  pupils  from  each,  the  fifth,  sixth,  seventh, 
and  eighth  elementary  school  years ;  the  same  number  from  each 
of  the  four  high  school  years;  and  the  same  from  each  of  the 
four  collegiate  years. 

This  material  was  collected  in  the  fall  of  1915,  shortly  after  the 
beginning  of  the  school  year,  the  work  in  the  elementary  school 
being  done  between  November  22  and  December  15;  that  in  the 
high  school  between  October  4  and  20;  and  that  in  college  be¬ 
tween  October  25  and  November  15. 

In  Table  2  we  give  the  calculated  averages  for  all  the  groups 
distinguished  according  to  school  grade,  together  with  the  aver¬ 
age  deviation  for  each  group. 

It  appears  in  the  table  that  education  up  to  the  first  collegiate 
year,  but  not  beyond,  influences  the  results  of  the  test.  The  dif¬ 
ferences  presented  by  the  groups  below  those  of  college  students 
are,  however,  not  entirely  to  be  attributed  to  the  influence  of  edu¬ 
cation;  for  an  examination  of  this  and  other  material  in  our 
possession  shows  that  at  least  two  other  factors  contribute  toward 
the  results  shown  in  the  table:  native  mental  (capacity  and 
physiological  maturation. 

Very  marked  individual  differences  are  to  be  observed  in  all 
groups ;  this  is  shown  by  the  average  deviations  given  in  the  table 
for  each  group  and  even  more  strikingly,  of  course,  by  the  con¬ 
trasts  between  the  highest  and  lowest  scored  test  records  in  each 
group.  Thus,  for  example,  the  extremes  of  high  standard  value 
for  the  fifth  elementary  school  year  group  were  6  and  251 ;  for 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


77 


TABLE  2. 


>■»  1-4 

rt  oj 

C  * 
a>  _■ 

e  § 
w  ° 


Common 

reactions. 

Doubtful 

reactions. 

Individual 

reactions. 

Failures  of 

reaction. 

High  standard 

value. 

Individuality 

index. 

Failure 

index. 

1 

5th  7 

Average 

24.2 

2.3 

34.0 

39.5 

117.8 

0.384 

1.474 

1 

A.  D. 

8.0 

1.6 

19.8 

27.8 

55-0 

0.215 

0.864 

6th  f 

Average 

22.1 

1.8 

17.4 

58.6 

143. 1 

0.202 

2.108 

1 

A.  D. 

7-0 

1-5 

10.2 

17. 1 

37-0 

0.112 

0.582 

7th  ( 

Average 

29.8 

2.2 

29.0 

40.1 

175-0 

0.314 

1. 313 

l 

A.  D. 

7-8 

1  7 

14.4 

19.2 

73-7 

0.153 

0.587 

8th  f 

Average 

37.8 

i.4 

21 .9 

38.8 

338.2 

0.239 

1 .129 

l 

A.  D. 

7.2 

1 .2 

14.0 

19-3 

87.2 

0.154 

0.537 

ist  J 

Average 

50.3 

1.9 

19.6 

28.2 

471.6 

0.219 

0.673 

l 

A.  D. 

9.0 

0.9 

8.3 

12.2 

134-7 

0.907 

0.381 

2nd  f 

Average 

67.8 

1.8 

i5-i 

15-4 

663.4 

0.160 

0.283 

l 

A.  D. 

7-9 

1.2 

6.5 

10. 0 

109.3 

0.068 

0.212 

3rd  f 

Average 

74-4 

1 .6 

10.7 

13.3 

795-8 

O.IIO 

0.211 

l 

A.  D. 

5-5 

1.0 

6-3 

8.2 

179.2 

0.064 

0.146 

4  th  7 

Average 

79.1 

1.6 

8.2 

11 .1 

956.1 

0.084 

0.152 

l 

A.  D. 

6.9 

1.2 

3-2 

7-5 

202.2 

0.033 

0.116 

ist  f 

Average 

82.7 

1*3 

5-3 

10.7 

1231.6 

0.051 

0.132 

l 

A.  D. 

5.8 

0.8 

3-0 

6.0 

242.8 

0.032 

0.089 

2nd  j 

Average 

84.7 

1-3 

8.0 

6.0 

1221 .6 

0.084 

0.063 

l 

A.  D. 

5-4 

0.9 

3-8 

3-9 

231.2 

0.040 

0.044 

3rd  7 

Average 

83.8 

1 .0 

8.7 

6.1 

1270.0 

0.091 

0.072 

l 

A.  D. 

7-6 

1 .0 

5-0 

4-4 

293.3 

0.055 

0.064 

4th  7 

Average 

85.3 

1.8 

9.1 

3.7 

1223.4 

0.093 

0.034 

l 

A.  D. 

5-8 

1 .2 

4-6 

2.8 

247.5 

0.050 

0.028 

the  ist  high  school  year  group  33  and  746;  and  for  the  first 
collegiate  year  group  716  and  1553. 

The  groups  being  small  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  differences 
between  them  are  partly  to  be  attributed  to  accidental  variations 
in  their  composition,  although  there  is  as  much  chance  of  this 
factor  (in  so  far  as  it  operates  independently  of  selection)  work¬ 
ing  against  as  with  the  factor  of  education  in  the  general 
showing. 


78  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


The  influence  of  selection  will  be  considered  in  detail  in  Part 
III.  Suffice  it  to  say  here  that  in  a  general  way  it  is  probably 
more  or  less  active  at  the  transitions  between  all  education  groups 
represented  in  the  table,  and  at  two  points  particularly  so,  namely, 
at  the  transitions  from  elementary  school  to  high  school  and  from 
high  school  to  college. 

Selection  here  implies  the  existence  of  differences  in  native 
mental  capacity  such  as  are  recognized  by  every  teacher.  We  have 
secured  teachers’  estimates  of  the  mental  capacities  of  all  the 
pupils  in  the  elementary  schools,  high  schools,  and  college,  to 
whom  the  test  had  been  given.  These  estimates  are  expressed  in 
the  following  terms :  very  bright ,  bright ,  average,  dull,  very  dull. 
For  each  test  record  from  a  subject  rated  as  “very  bright”  we 
selected  for  comparison  one  from  a  subject  in  the  same  class  at 
school  or  college  rated  as  “very  dull,”  “dull,”  or  “average,”  the 
order  of  preference  being  as  given  here.  In  some  classes,  due 
perhaps  to  the  personal  equation  of  the  teachers  in  the  use  of  the 
terms  proposed  by  us,  more  pupils  were  reported  as  “very  dull” 
than  “very  bright.”  In  such  instances  no  test  records  marked 
“dull”  or  “average”  were  used  for  the  purpose  in  hand,  but  the 
necessary  number  of  those  marked  “bright”  was  added  to  those 
marked  “very  bright”  to  make  the  total  number  in  that  group 
equal  to  that  in  the  group  marked  “very  dull.” 

Table  3  gives  the  figures  for  each  group  in  the  elementary 
schools,  high  schools,  and  college.  These  figures  show  plainly 
that  a  correlation  exists  between  the  teachers’  estimates  of  mental 
capacity  and  the  results  of  the,  tests. 

As  to  the  factor  of  physiological  maturation,  it  will  be  recalled 
that  by  the  Kent-Rosanoff  test,  the  results  of  which  seem  to  be 
practically  uninfluenced  by  systematic  education,  it  has  been 
shown  to  be  active  only  up  to  the  age  of  eleven  years.1  It  would 
seem  that  the  results  of  our  present  test  are  influenced  by  the 
factor  of  physiological  maturation  up  to  the  same  age,  and  not 
beyond  it,  as  may  be  judged  from  the  figures  in  Table  4  represent¬ 
ing  another  part  of  our  material.  This  material  consists  of  one 

1  Isabel  R.  and  A.  J.  Rosanoff.  A  Study  of  Association  in  Children. 
Psychol.  Review,  Jan.,  1913. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


79 


TABLE  3. 

Averages. 


Groups  of  subjects  distinguished  according  to 
teachers’  estimates  of  mental  capacity. 

Common 

reactions. 

High  standard 

values. 

Individuality 

index. 

Failure 

index. 

Elementary  \ 
school  groups.  \ 

Very  bright  or  bright21 

Very  dull,  dull,  or  average21 

29.5 

27.6 

182.6 

1  157-0 

0  p 

&  §3 

1.424 

1415 

High  school  | 
groups.  ( 

Very  bright  or  bright22 
Very  dull,  dull,  or  average22 

71.0 

67.0 

791-5 

678.6 

p  p 

0.207 

0-373 

College  groups.  ( 

Very  bright  or  bright13 

Very  dull,  dull,  or  average13 

88.7 

8+s 

14032 

1212.7 

0.051 

0.095 

0.049 

0.051 

The  small  figures  in  the  second  column  indicate  the  number  of  subjects 


in  each  group. 

hundred  twenty-five  test  records  obtained  from  adult  subjects, 
long  out  of  school,  and  classified  in  five  groups  according  to 
amount  of  education,  compared  with  data  copied  from  Table  2, 
i.e.,  representing  subjects  who  are  much  younger  and  still  at 
school  but  who  have  had  the  same  amounts  of  education. 


TABLE  4. 


Averages. 

Amounts  of 
education. 

Adults,  long  out  of 
school,  or  younger  sub- 
jects,  still  at  school. 

Common 

reactions. 

High  standard 
values. 

Individuality 

index. 

Failure 

index. 

4  elem.  school  yrs.  j 

Adult  subjects 

20.7 

158.9 

0.223 

2.082 

l 

Younger 

U 

24.2 

117.8 

0.384 

1-474 

6  elem.  school  yrs.  f 

Adult 

it 

27.1 

240.1 

0.209 

1.750 

1 

Younger 

H 

29.8 

175.0 

0.314 

I.3I3 

8  elem.  school  yrs.  f 

Adult 

it 

31.5 

258.6 

0.253 

1-377 

1 

Younger 

it 

50.3 

471.6 

0.219 

0.673 

4  high  school  yrs.  f 

Adult 

it 

737 

1001.7 

0.123 

0.361 

X 

Younger 

it 

82.7 

1231.6 

0.051 

0.132 

4  college  yrs.  f 

Adult 

« 

85.8 

1280.1 

0.073 

0.047 

1 

Younger 

«  * 

1 85.3 

|  1223.4  1  0.093 

1  0.034 

*  These  subjects  are  college  seniors  and  not  graduates;  tests  were  made  at 
the  beginning  of  the  school  year. 


8o 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


In  this  connection  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  not  only  the 
factor  of  physiological  maturation  but  probably  other  factors  as 
well  have  had  a  part  in  producing  the  differences  between  adult 
and  younger  subjects  shown  in  the  table.  Here  again  the  factor 
of  selection,  for  one,  probably  plays  an  important  part.  For 
instance,  the  adults  who  have  had  but  four  or  six  years  of  ele¬ 
mentary  school  education  must  differ  considerably,  as  a  group, 
from  school  children  who  have  had  the  same  amount  of  education, 
but  the  majority  of  whom  will  not  drop  out  of  school  at  this  point 
but  will  proceed  with  their  studies.  Moreover,  something  is 
perhaps  to  be  allowed  for  forgetting  in  the  course  of  years  of 
being  out  of  contact  with  school  studies. 

We  find,  in  fact,  that,  whether  it  be  due  to  inferiority  by  selec- 
or  to  forgetting,  or  to  other  factors,  all  the  adult  groups,  with  the 
exception  of  the  group  of  college  graduates,  show  a  somewhat 
lower  average  of  common  reactions  than  the  younger  subjects  of 
the  same  amounts  of  education.  Nevertheless  the  influence  of 
physiological  maturation  seems  to  be  shown  by  the  high  standard 
values  of  the  groups  representing  four  and  six  elementary  school 
years  of  education,  but  not  higher:  i.e.,  the  groups  which,  among 
school  children,  include  but  those  who  are  on  the  average  eleven 
years  of  age  or  less. 

In  order  to  eliminate  the  factors  of  accidental  variation,  selec¬ 
tion,  and,  as  far  as  may  be  possible,  physiological  maturation, 
and  thus  render  possible  a  closer  estimate  of  the  influence  of  the 
factor  of  education  alone,  the  test  was  given  a  second  time  during 
the  month  of  June,  1916,  i.e.,  at  the  end  of  the  school  year,  to  a 
number  of  the  subjects  in  the  8th  elementary  school  year  and  in 
the  3rd  and  4th  high  school  years. 

The  results  are  shown  in  Table  5.  The  gains,  which,  it  would 
seem,  are  here  to  be  attributed  solely,  or  almost  solely,  to  educa¬ 
tion,  during  a  period  of  one  school  year,  amounted  to  17.0  per 
cent  in  high  standard  values. 

The  gains  in  the  course  of  the  corresponding  school  years 
shown  in  Table  2, — to  be  attributed  not  solely  to  education  but 
also  to  selection  and  perhaps  some  other  factors  as  well, — were 
to  the  amount  of  27.2  per  cent. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


81 


TABLE  5 


Averages 

Year  at  school 

Tests  made 
at  beginning 
or  end  of 
school  year 

Common 

reactions 

High  stand¬ 

ard  values 

Individuality 

index 

Failure 

index 

8th  elem.  school  year 

22 

At  beginning 

37-9 

342.6 

0.244 

1. 108 

At  end 

42.9 

430.9 

0.251 

0.890 

3rd  high  school  year 

20 

At  beginning 

72.9 

770.9 

0.119 

0.224 

At  end 

78.3 

9159 

0.124 

0.181 

4th  high  school  year 

24 

At  beginning 

78.7 

932.2 

0.085 

0.155 

At  end 

82.1 

1045.9 

0.075 

0.119 

The  small  figures  in  the  first  column  indicate  the  number  of  subjects  in 
each  group. 


Turning  again  to  the  material  represented  in  Table  5,  an 
examination  of  the  test  records  in  individual  cases  shows  here  and 
there  a  gain  in  the  course  of  one  school  year  so  far  beyond  the 
average  as  to  make  it  doubtful  if  it  could  be  wholly  attributed  to 
the  factor  of  education.  Furthermore,  in  no  less  than  16  of  the 
66  cases  the  tests  at  the  end  of  the  school  year  showed  a  loss  in¬ 
stead  of  a  gain ! — It  seems  necessary  to  assume  the  existence  of 
another  factor  as  influencing  the  results  of  our  test,  a  factor 
which,  for  want  of  any  knowledge  concerning  its  nature,  we  have 
called  temporary  condition  of  the  subject. 

We  have  selected  from  the  three  school  year  groups  repre¬ 
sented  in  Table  5,  respectively,  the  cases  which  showed  the  highest 
gains  and  the  highest  losses  at  the  end  of  the  school  year,  and 
submit  here  full  copies  of  both  the  first  and  the  second  tests  in 
each  case. 

In  these  test  records,  as  in  others  to  be  reproduced,  the  numbers 
at  the  left  of  the  reaction  words  indicate  high  standard  values. 


82  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


M.  P.,  male,  age  12,  8th  elementary  school  year;  total  high  standard  values, 
first  test  249,  second  test  591. 


1st  test  2nd  test 


geography . 

participle . 

Waterloo . 

islands . . . . 
1  phrase . . . . 
island .... 

study 
.  2  speech 
.  22  battle 
.  break 

.  2  study 
.  3  study 

arithmetic . 

botany . 

isomerism . 

1  example . . 

1  words. . . . 

Portugal . 

amoeba . 

island .... 

.  6  country 

declension . 

1  words. . . . 

.  pronoun 

physics . 

hyperbole . 

retina . 

coagulation . . . . 
Cervantes .  .  . 

geography. 

.  1  study 
.  2  speech 
.  80  eye 

franchise . 

subtraction. ... 
metabolism . . . . 

predicate . 

mollusc . 

19  arithmetic. 

.  19  arithmetic 

word . 

.  5  sentence 

inquisition. . . . 
amphibious. . .. 

decimal . 

hydraulic . 

osmosis . 

38  fraction. . . 
13  press . 

.  38  fraction 
.  13  press 

percentage. . . . 
cerebellum. . . . 

time . 

.  15  arithmetic 

fractions . 

titration . 

9  decimal . . . 

.  24  arithmetic 

carbohydrates . 

duodenum. . . . 

cosecant . 

biology . 

Odyssey . 

1  study . 

.  1  study 

vertebrate . 

gravimetric. . .. 

federal . 

morphology . . . 
hypothenuse. .. 

Magellan . 

hexameter . 

army . 

study . 

3  explorer.. 

.  33  government 
.  study 

.  3  explorer 

meteor . 

momentum . . . . 

29  star . 

.  29  star 

Cornwallis .... 
protozoon . 

1 1  general . . . 

.  11  general 

syntax . 

distillation. . . . 

pollen . 

peninsula . 

binomial . 

class . 

.57  grammar 

country . . . 
campaign . 

.  3  bee 

campaign 

crustacean . . 
Bonaparte . . . 
meridian.  . . . 
chlorophyll. . 
tetrahedron. 
Madagascar . 
corolla . 

1st  test 

2nd  test 

commander.  8 

general 

geography 

. .  4  country. ...  44 

island 

ventral . . 

. . 

Belgium. . . . 
tangent . 

army .  9 

country 

dorsal . 

.  _ 

colloid . 

.  m 

equator . 

judiciary. . . . 
synthesis . 

..  2 

center .  2 

department. 

center 

department 

Athens . 

epithelium . . 
feudalism .  .  . 

nation . 

country 

_  m 

coefficient .  .  . 

.  . 

perennial 

home 

plehian 

catalytic . 

.  . 

embryo 

spectrum .  .  .  . 

.  . 

continent. . . 

spore . 

..  6 

North  18 

America 

America 

theorem . . . . . 

.  . 

Himalaya. . . 
Renaissance . 

. .  33 

mountain. .  33 

mountain 

goods 

dividend 

quotient - 

oxidatioln.  . . 

16 

division. ...  3 

haemoglobin, 
axiom . 

_ 

. 

Amazon . 

isosceles. . . . . 
cohesion  .  .  .  .  . 

..  54 

river . 54 

river 

triangle 

protoplasm . . 
centrifugal . . 

molecule - 

cotyledon . . . , 

science . 

science 
*  * 

abscissa . 

gravitation . . 
galvanic . 

..  7 

force . 

geography 

logarithm  .  .  .  . 

•calyx . 

. 

polarization. . 
■cephalic . 

.  . 

proteid . 

.  _ 

kinetic . 

•  . 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


83 


A.  P.,  female,  age  13,  8th  elementary  school  year ;  total  high  standard  values, 
first  test  345,  second  test  259. 


1st  test  2nd  test 


geography - 

participle . . 

subject. . . . 

,  17  grammar. . 

,  river . 

study 

.  17  grammar 
name 

arithmetic . 

,  subject . 

,  2  study 

Portgual . 

6  country. . . . 

,  6  country 

declension . 

,  19  grammar. ., 

.  19  grammar 

physics . 

subject. . . . 

1  study 
arithmetic 

coagulation 

Cervantes . 

franchise _ .  T. 

.  . 

river . 

1  name 

subtraction 
metabolism. . . . 
predicate . 

mollusc . 

19  arithmetic., 

,  19  arithmetic 

15  grammar.  . , 

.  15  grammar 

inquisition. . . . 
amphibious . . . . 

decimal . . 

hydraulic. . . . . 

_  _ 

6  arithmetic.. 

,  6  arithmetic 

osmosis . 

.  , 

percentage 

cerebellum 

fractions . 

titration . 

15  arithmetic.. 

,  15  arithmetic 

24  arithmetic.. 

,24  arithmetic 

carbohydrate. . 
duodenum . 

9  food . 

cooking 

cosecant . 

_ 

biology . 

Odysspy . 

arithmetic.. 

,  1  study 
* 

vertebrate . 

gravimetric. . . . 

federal . 

morphology. . . 
hypothenuse. .. 
Magellan . 

_ 

party . 

company 

arithmetic 

name 

name . 

hexameter . 

meteor . 

momentum. . .. 
Cornwallis. . . . 

geography. . 

name . 

arithmetic 

name 

prntnznon . 

syntax . 

distillation . . . . 

57  grammar . . . 

,  57  grammar 

pollen . 

peninsula . 

10  geography.. 

10  geography 

binomial . 

crustacean .... 

Bonaparte . 

meridian .  9 

chlorophyll. . .. 
tetrahedron . . . 
Madagascar. . . 

corolla . 

ventral . 

Belgium .  9 

tangent . 

dorsal . 

colloid . 

Equator .  5 

judiciary . 

synthesis . 

Athens . 

epithelium .... 

feudalism . 

coefficient . 


perennial . 

plebeian . 11 

catalytic . 

embryo . 

spectrum . 

continent .  3 

spore . 

(theorem . 

Himalaya . 33 


.ivciicLissaiicc  .  .  . 

quotient .  7 

oxidation . 

haemoglobin.  .. 

axiom . 

Amazon . 54 

isosceles . 

cohesion . 

protoplasm.  .  . . 
centrifugal .... 

molecule . 

cotyledon . 

abscissa . 

gravitation. . . . 

galvanic . 

logarithm . 

calyx . 

polarization. . . 

cephalic . 

'proteid . 32 

kinetic . 


1st  test 


flower . 

name . 

geography.. 


river, 


country .... 
country. . .. 


geography., 
history . 


people 


people 


geography.. 


mountain. . 


arithmetic.. 


river. 

flower 


geography . . 


food . 

Connecticut 


2nd  test 

flower 

name 

9  geography 


9  country 
city 


5  geography 
civics 
flower 
country 


geography 


mountain 

arithmetic 


geography 

arithmetic 


geography 


84  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


S.  S.,  male,  age  17,  3rd  high  school  year ;  total  high  standard  values,  first  test. 

481,  second  test  1001. 


geography . 

partiaiple . 


arithmetic .  . 


amoeha . 

declension . 


physics . 

hyperbole . 

retina . . 

coagulation. . .. 

Cervantes . 

franchise . 

subtraction .... 
metabolism .... 


mollusc . 

inquisition .  . . 


decimal 
hydraulic. . 
osmosis. . . . 
percentage . 


titration . 


duodenum, 
cosecant. . 


vertebrate . 


gravimetric 


morphology. . . 
hypothenuse. . . 


momentum 
Cornwallis 
protozoon. 
syntax .... 
distillation 
pollen. . . . 
peninsula. 


1st  test 

2nd  test 

1st  test 

2nd  test 

climate .... 

water 

binomial . 

.  1  number - 

7  algebra 

3  infinitive. . . 

3 

infinitive 

crustacean . . . 

creeping... 

flower 

21  battle . 

21 

battle 

Bonaparte. ... 

.  45  Napoleon. . 

45Napoleon 

2  diffraction.. 

35  light 

meridian . 

.  9  longitude . . 

6 

earth 

circum- 

subtraction 

chlorophyll .  . . 

.  5  chloroform. 

ether 

ference 

tetrahedron. . 

tetrameter. . 

tetrameter 

20  plants . 

8 

flowers 

Madagascar . . 

.  4  country. ... 

1  peninsula 

1 

isosceles 

corolla . 

.  1  corollary. .  . 

sickness 

49  Spain . 

49 

Spain 

ventral . 

.  1  ventrilo- 

1 

ventrilo¬ 

caterpillar. . 

worm 

quist 

quist 

case . 

1 

adjective 

Belgium . 

ruin 

3  Germany 

3  bureau . 

3 

bureau 

tangent . 

.  22  circle . 

22 

circle 

experiment.  36 

chemistry 

dorsal . 

endorse.... 

Dardanelles 

hyperfluous. 

hyperfluous 

colloid . 

collie . 

cholera 

revenue .... 

80 

eye 

equator . 

.  1  heat . 

15 

earth 

conjugation 

cohesion 

judiciary . 

.  1  judicious. . . 

1  judicial 

servant .... 

survey 

synthesis . 

word 

French. . .  . 

France 

Athens . 

.  3  Sparta . 

3 

Sparta 

41  addition.... 

41 

addition 

epithelium.  . . 

Epigraph . . . 

epidemic 

metaphor... 

mental 

feudalism. . . . 

slave . 

3 

serf 

25  verb . 

1 

nominative 

coefficient. . . . 

.  7  mathematics 

5  algebra 

mollent.  .  .  . 

molasses 

perennial .... 

parenthesis 

parenthesis 

acquisition . 

32 

Spain 

plebeian . 

.  2  aristocracy. 

23 

common 

17  water . 

botany 

catalytic . 

.  1  Catiline .... 

1 

Catiline 

cipher . 

38 

fraction 

embryo . 

.  1  biology.... 

flower 

hydrophobia  13 

press 

spectrum . 

specto . 

speculate 

soaking. . . . 

2 

water 

continent .... 

.  6  Europe . . . . 

6 

North 

8  fraction. .. . 

4 

money 

America 

1'6  cerebrum.. 

16 

cerebrum 

spore . 

S . 

sport 

2  numerator. 

multiplica¬ 

theorem . 

.  1  postulate. . . 

3 

theory 

tions 

Himalaya. . . . 

33 

mountain 

Titus . 

Titanic 

Renaissance. . 

rising . 

uprising 

5  carbon . 

33 

sugar 

quotient . 

.  3  dividend. . . 

3 

dividend 

'duodecim . . 

unum 

oxidation. .  . . 

.  •  airing . 

1 

air 

cozy . 

consequent 

haemoglobin. . 

.  1  biology. . . . 

1 

botany 

6  animals. . . . 

monkey 

axiom . 

.  17  truth . 

17 

truth 

1  Odysseus . . 

English 

Amazon . 

54 

river 

firm . 

15 

inverte¬ 

isosceles . 

.  9  equal . 

81 

triangle 

brate 

cohesion . 

coincide.... 

27 

adhesion 

1  gravity . 

1 

gravity 

protoplasm. . . 

.  soft . 

1 

body 

2  union . 

2 

soldiers 

centrifugal . . . 

.  centra!!  . . . . 

circle 

theology. . . 

mortal 

molecule . 

ridicule.... 

47 

atom 

arm . 

arm 

cotyledon. . . . 

.  8  bean . 

8 

flower 

52  straits . 

17 

strait 

abscissa . 

absent . 

absent 

1  hexagon... 

dactylic 

gravitation . . . 

.  1  gravity .... 

1 

gravity 

1  meter . 

1 

meter 

galvanic . 

discovery . . 

substance 

1  impulse .... 

equal 

logarithm. . . . 

.  largo . 

largo 

4  Washington  25 

Yorktown 

calyx . 

.  K . 

Calais 

creature . . . 

27 

amoeba 

polarization . . 

Poland . 

flower 

meaning. . . 

1 

word 

cephalic . 

syphon 

sprinkle. 

germ 

proteid . 

.  digestible. . 

6 

protoplasm 

36  flower . 

36 

flower 

kinetic . 

43 

energy 

14  land . 

4 

cape 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


85 


I.  S.,  female,  age  15,  3rd  high  school  year;  total  high  standard  values,  first 
test  796,  second  test  479. 


geography . 

participle . 

Waterloo . 

refraction . 

arithmetic . 

botany . 

isomerism . 

Portugal . 

amoeba . 

declension . 

burette . 

physics . 

hyperbole . 

/retina . 

coagulation. .. . 

Cervantes . 

franchise . 

subtraction .  . . . 
metabolism. ... 

predicate . 

mbllusc . 

inquisition . 
amphibious. . .. 

decimal . 

hydraulic . 

osmosis . 

percentage .... 
cerebellum .... 

fractions . 

titration . 

carbohydrate. . 

duodenum . 

cosecant . 

biology . 

Odyssey . 

vertebrate . 

gravimetric .... 

federal . 

morphology. . . 
hypothenuse.. . 

Magellan . 

hexameter . 

meteor . 

momentum. . . . 
Cornwallis .... 

protozoon . 

syntax . 

distillation. . . . 

pollen . 

peninsula . 


1st  test  2nd  test 

.  2  Europe ....  8  land 

-Latin .  1  English 

.46  Napoleon..  46  Napoleon 
arithmetic. .  35  light 

school .  brain 

.  16  plant .  life 

.  3  geometry 

49  Spain . 49  Spain 

4  zoology....  evolution 

8  Latin . 19  grammar 

hair .  3  bureau 

3  laboratory.  1  energy 

disease .  hyphenated 

.  desire 

.  coefficient 

history .  1  Dante 

religion....  5  suffrage 

,19  arithmetic. .  19  arithmetic 

symbol .  symbol 

15  grammar...  15  grammar 
.  mole 

32  Spain .  1  religion 

2  zoology....  life 

6  arithmetic. .  38  fraction 
chemistry . .  trans¬ 

mittance 

.  isosceles 

population.  3  part 

Latin .  temperance 

24  arithmetic..  7  parts 

Titian .  Asia  _ 

botany .  9  chemistry 

.  united 

Latin .  together 

18  life .  class 

52  Homer .  1  wandering 

4  zoology. ...  27  animal 
6  physics ....  1  gravity 

33  government  1  united 

4  science .  3  morphine 

9  geometry...  9  geometry 

1  Spain .  1  discovery 

3  geometry...  division 

10  astronomy.  2  light 

8  physics. . . .  distance 

Lafayette..  7  surrender 

8  zoology -  protein 

Latin .  reason 

health .  man 

6  botany . 36  flower 

10  geography..  extension 


binomial . 

crustacean ....  5 

Bonaparte .  9 

meridian .  4 

chlorophyll -  3 

tetrahedron. . . 
Madagascar...  5 

corolla . 34 

ventral . 

Belgium . 

tangent .  6 

dorsal . 

colloid . 

equator .  1 

judiciary .  9 

synthesis . 

Athens . 72 

epithelium. . .  . 

feudalism .  2 

coefficient .  1 

perennial . 

plebeian .  4 

catalytic .  1 

embryo . 

spectrum . 

continent . 18 

spore . 

theorem . 26 

Himalaya .  1 

Renaissance...  13 

quotient .  7 

oxidation . 17 

haemoglobin. .. 

axiom . 

Amazon .  7 

isosceles . 81 

cohesion .  8 

protoplasm. . . . 
centrifugal .... 

molecule .  1 

cotyledon .  8 

abscissa . 

gravitation ....  6 

galvanic . 

logarithm . 

calyx .  5 

polarization . . . 

cephalic . 

proteid .  1 

kinetic . 43 


1st  test  2nd  test 

arithmetic. .  united 

zoology....  defended 

France .  glory 

latitude ....  division 

botany .  chemistry 

Latin. .  roof 

geography. .  colonies 

flower .  1  coral 

door .  entrance 

starvation..  injustice 

geometry. .  .  meeting 

.  door 

.  collar 

Brazil .  1  heat 

court .  2  justice 

.  cynical 

Greece .  art 

English....  epigram 

England...  nobles 

physics ....  7  exponent 

Latin . 27  annual 

Rome .  class 

Catiline ....  capitalists 

botany .  chemistry 

ghost .  spectre 

America. . .  divisio_n 

hygiene....  outlet 

geometry. .  .  3  problem 
geography. .  height 

■Italy .  2  learning 

arithmetic. .  2  result 
oxygen ....  1  air 

disease .  globe 

axis .  1  fact 

Brazil .  wilderness 

triangle ....  balanced 

physics....  5  attraction 

botany .  4  biology 

.  33  force 

physics....  8  particle 

botany .  1  biology 

•  •  . . . .  absinthe 

physics. ...  18  Newton 

Gaul .  magnetism 

lumbering..  allegory 

botany .  protection 

cold .  distribution 

.  sepal 

physiology.  nourished 

energy . 11  motion 


86  A.  J.  ROSANOFF ,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


H.  R.,  female,  age  16,  fourth  high  school  year;  total  high  standard  values, 
first  test  900,  second  test  1285. 


1st  test  2nd  test  1st  test  2nd  test 


geography. ... 
participle. . . . 

2  school . 

America 

peninsula. . . . 

.  25  island . 

3  Italy 

17  grammar... 

17  grammar 

binomial . 

.  2  polynomial . 

7  algebra 

Waterloo . 

46  Napoleon.. 

46  Napoleon 

crustacean. . . 

.  1  fish . 

1  fish 

3  physics. . . . 

35  light 

Bonaparte. ... 

.  9  France . 

9  Waterloo 

arithmetic. ... 

fractions. .. 

11  algebra 

meridian . 

.  4  latitude . . . . 

division 

botany . 

isomerism. .. . 

8  flowers .... 

16  zoology 

chlorophyll. . . 

.  36  green . 

36  green 

science - 

science 

tetrahedron. . 

three . 

biology 

Portugal . 

1  Europe. . . . 

49  Spain 

Madagascar. . 

.  44  island . 

44  island 

amoeba . 

4  biology .... 

botany 

corolla . 

beads . 

34  flower 

declension . . . 

4  nouns . 

19  grammar 

ventral . 

medicine... 

throat 

burette . 

barette . 

hair 

Belgium . 

.  3  Germany... 

3  Germany 

physics . 

1  heat . 

3  electricity 

tangent . 

.  6  geometry.  .. 

6  geometry 

hyperbole. . . . 

19  exaggera- 

tion 

19  exaggera¬ 
tion 

dorsal . 

colloid . 

.  body . 

.  physics - 

2  anatomy 

retina . 

material . . . . 

80  eye 

equator . 

.  1  heat . 

2  center 

coagulation . .. 

together... 

1  condensa¬ 
tion 

judiciary . 

synthesis . 

.  2  justice . 

.  1  grammar. . . 

3  judges 

5  combination 

Cervantes .... 

Greek . 

42  Don  Quixote 

Athens . 

.  72  Greece . 

72  Greece 

franchise . 

5  suffrage.... 

5  suffrage 

epithelium. . . 

.  Grleek . 

body 

subtraction.. . 

#  19  arithmetic.. 

19  arithmetic 

feudalism. . . . 

nobles . 

4  mediaeval 

metabolism . . . 

statics . 

science 

coefficient .... 

.  5  algebra - 

5  algebra 

predicate. . . . 

28  subject _ 

5  sentence 

perennial. . . . 

.  3  time . 

2  year 

mollusc . 

Japan . 

8  animal 

plebeian . 

worker.... 

10  patrician 

inquisition. . . 

32  Spain . 

32  Spain 

catalytic . 

.  11  chemistry.. 

11  chemistry 

amphibious. .. 

5  fish . 

5  fish 

embryo . 

.  6  young . 

6  young 

decimal . 

2  fractions . . . 

6  arithmetic 

spectrum . 

zoology. . . . 

eye 

hydraulic .... 

4  physics .... 

38  water 

continent. . . . 

.  18  America. . . 

18  America 

osmosis . 

percentage. . . 

1  breathing., 
marks . 

1  breathing 

1  mark 

spore . 

.  2  reproduc- 

tion 

2  botany 

cerebellum . . . 

]  2  anatomy. . . 

2  anatomy 

theorem . 

26  geometry . . . 

1  axiom 

fractions . 

'  24  arithmetic.. 

24  arithmetic 

Himalaya. . . . 

.31  mountains.. 

1  China 

titration . 

science. . . . 

Renaissance.  . 

.  2  awakening. 

8  art 

carbohydrate . 

n  iinn  Pti it tn 

1  water . 

1  two . 

33  sugar 

quotient . 

oxidation .... 

•  7  arithmetic.. 

•  1  flir , 

16  division 

15  chemistry 

cosecant . 

7  geometry. . 

7  geometry 

haemoglobin . . 

science . 

biology . 

6  animals _ 

15  zoology 

axiom . 

•  2  statement... 

apothem 

Odyssey . 

52  Homer . 

52  IHomer 

Amazon . 

•  12  woman. . .  . 

12  woman 

vertebrate. .. . 

2  spine . 

2  spine 

isosceles . 

•  81  triangle. . .. 

81  triangle 

gravimetric . . 

science.... 

science 

cohesion . 

•  5  attraction . . 

2  together 

federal . 

2  national . . . 

2  national 

protoplasm . . . 

•  3  substance . . 

3  substance 

morphology. . 

1  medicine... 

4  science 

centrifugal . . . 

•  circle . 

33  force 

hypothenuse. . 

9  geometry... 

9  geometry 

molecule . 

•  5  small . 

5  small 

Magellan . 

1  exploration. 

circum¬ 

navigation 

cotyledon.  . . . 
abscissa . 

science . 

disease . 

science 

5  geometry 

hexameter. .. . 

2  polygon . . . . 

5  six 

gravitation. . . 

•  15  earth . 

3  pull 

meteor . 

10  astronomy.. 

8  comet 

galvanic . 

.  heat . 

physics 

momentum. .. 

time . 

9  speed 

logarithm. . . . 

.  3  algebra . . . . 

11  mathematics 

Cornwallis. . . 

.  2  history . 

9  revolution 

calyx . 

.  2  flowers . 

2  flowers 

protozoon. .. . 

.  27  amoeba. . . . 

4  biology 

polarization. . 

.  bees . 

4  physics 

syntax . 

.  57  grammar.  .. 

57  grammar 

cephalic . 

science . 

science 

distillation . . . 

adulteration  20  water 

proteid . 

.  32  food . 

32  food 

pollen . 

.  4  flowers. . . . 

36  flower 

kinetic . 

.  11  theory . 

11  theory 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


8  7 


W.  H.,  male,  age  16,  4th  high  school  year;  total  high  standard  values,  first 
test  1474,  second  test  1219. 


1st  test  2nd  test 

geography . 10  history 10  history 

participle . 28  verb IS  noun 

Waterloo . 46  Napoleon..  46  Napoleon 

refraction . 11  reflection ...  1 1  reflection 

arithmetic .  3  spelling....  3  spelling 

botany .  2  biology....  2  biology 

isomerism .  4  crystal 4  crystals 

Portugal . 49  Spain 49  Spain 

amoeba .  3  cell .  molecule 

declension . 29  noun 29  noun 

iburette . 11  pipette 11  pipette 

physics . 36  chemistry ..  36  chemistry 

hyperbole .  9  parabola ...  9  parabola 

retina . 80  eye .  cornea 

coagulation....  boiling .  protoplasm 

Cervantes . 25  Spain . 42  Don  Quixote 

franchise .  5  suffrage....  1  freedom 

subtraction. .  ..41  addition. ...  41  addition 

metabolism . 

predicate . 2  object .  2  object 

mollusc .  3  fish . 16  clam 

inquisition. ...  32  Spain . 32  Spain 

amphibious ....  toad . 28  frog 

decimal . 38  fraction. ...  38  fraction 

hydraulic . 38  water . 38  water 

osmosis .  4  plants . 20  membrane 

percentage....  8  fraction....  8  fraction 
cerebellum. ...  16  cerebrum. .  16  cerebrum 

fractions .  9  decimal. ...  13  decimals 

titration . 

carbohydrates .  1 1  starch . . . 

duodenum .  2  twelve . . . 

cosecant . 12  sine . 

biology .  6  botany . 15  zoology 

Odyssey . 52  Homer . 52  Homer 

vertebrate . 15  invertebrate  3  man 

gravimetric - 12  weight .  1  gravity 

federal .  7  constitu¬ 

tional 

morphology ...  3  biology .... 
hypothenuse . . .  side 


proteid 
octavo 
12  sine 


2  national 

sleep 
arm 


[Magellan . 52  straits . 52  straits 

hexameter .  5  six .  4  pentameter 

meteor . 29  star . 29  star 

momentum - 17  force .  acceleration 

Cornwallis. ...  25  Yorktown.  .25  Yorktown 

protozoon .  2  cell .  3  protoplasm 

syntax. . 57  grammar...  declension 

distillation....  5  evaporation  fermentation 

pollen .  4  fertilization  4  anther 

peninsula . 25  island . 25  island 

binomial .  2  trinomial...  2  trinomial 


1st  test 

crustacean ....  22  crab . 

Bonaparte .  9  France . 

meridian .  3  equator - 

chlorophyll -  5  plants . 

tetrahedron...  poetry . 

Madagascar ...  44  island . 

corolla . 34  flower . 

ventral .  blood . 

Belgium . 10  Brussels... 

tangent . 10  cotangent.. 

dorsal .  8  fin . 

colloid . 

equator .  8  meridian... 

judiciary . 25  judge . 

synthesis . 39  analysis.... 

Athens .  Homer . 

epithelium . 

feudalism .  duke . 

coefficient .  7  exponent. . . 

perennial . 27  annual . 

plebeian .  3  aristocrat.. 

catalytic . . . 

embryo .  fertilization 

spectrum .  2  spectroscope 

continent . 28  island . 

spore . Ii6  seed . 

theorem .  3  problem.... 

Himalaya .  Alps . 

Renaissance...  2  Reformation 

quotient .  predicate. . . 

oxidation . 13  reduction.. 

haemoglobin. ..  84  blood . 

axiom .  1  rule . 

Amazon .  equator.... 

isosceles .  oblique .... 

cohesion .  separation. 

protoplasm ....  14  cell . 

centrifugal ....  27  centripetal . 

molecule . 47  atom . 

cotyledon .  8  botany . 

abscissa .  4  mathematics 

gravitation ....  1  gravity .... 

galvanic . 24  electricity.. 

logarithm . 11  mathematics 

calyx.., . 41  flower . 

polarization ...  4  physics .... 

cephalic . 

proteid .  3  albumen... 

kinetic .  2  static . 


2nd  test 
22  crab 
9  Waterloo 
9  longitude 
11  leaf 

3  polyhedron 
44  island 

1  sepal 

1  auricle 

2  Albert 

10  cotangent 
caudal 

1  collodium 

8  meridian 

2  justice 
39  analysis 

Minerva 

1  knighthood 
7  exponent 

4  biennial 

3  aristocrat 
3  platinum 

10  egg 

2  spectroscope 
28  island 

16  seed 

3  problem 
Alps 

2  Reformation 

3  dividend 
13  reduction 
84  blood 

scholium 

6  South 

America 
equilateral 
27  adhesion 

9  amoeba 

27  centripetal 
47  atom 

monocoty- 
ledonous 
mantissa 
1  gravity 

7  cell 

1  exponent 

2  sepal 
fertilization 


1  carbohydrate 

2  potential 


88 


A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


The  question  of  the  influence  of  the  factor  of  sex  in  our  test 
has  interested  us  from  the  beginning  and,  in  making  our  ar¬ 
rangements  for  the  collection  of  material,  we  endeavored  as  far 
as  seemed  practicable  to  secure  data  that  might  be  useful  in  this 
connection.  These  data  are  summarized  in  Table  6. 

In  the  course  of  our  experience  in  this  work  we  have  come  to 
regard  the  total  high  standard  value  as  a  more  significant  and 
more  trustworthy  measure  of  intellectual  condition  than  any  of 
the  others  made  available  by  the  test,  i.e.,  number  of  common 
reactions,  individuality  index,  failure  index,  etc. 

Of  the  nineteen  groups  of  subjects  represented  in  Table  6,  the 
male  subjects  made  a  better  showing  in  average  high  standard 
value  in  nine,  and  the  female  subjects  in  ten  groups;  in  other 
words,  no  difference  in  this  respect  is  apparent  between  the 
sexes. 

But  the  other  measures  revealed  a  difference  in  a  strikingly 
consistent  way.  When  a  subject  is  unable  to  respond  to  a  given 
stimulus  word  with  a  reaction  possessing  high  standard  value,  he 
may  either  respond  with  a  common  reaction  not  possessing  such 
value  or  with  an  individual  reaction,  or  he  may  fail  to  react.  The 
table  shows  that  in  eighteen  of  the  nineteen  groups  of  subjects  the 
males  showed  a  greater  tendency  than  the  females  to  follow  the 
first  alternative,  i.e.,  of  giving  a  common  reaction  possessing  no 
high  standard  value  or  an  individual  reaction,  rather  than  failing 
to  react. 

Considering  the  fact  that  this  tendency  is  shown,  in  our 
material,  at  all  ages  from  nine  years  up  and  under  various  condi¬ 
tions  of  amount  of  education  and  selection  of  subjects,  it  would 
seem  that  we  are  dealing  here  with  a  true  difference  between  the 
sexes  in  mental  constitution.  Perhaps  this  is  a  manifestation  of 
the  relative  passivity,  conservatism,  lack  of  venturesomeness,  and 
other  such  traits  popularly  attributed  to  the  female  sex. 


TABLE  6. 


Averages. 


<-m  c n 

o  a* 

’O 

u 

c  O 

rt 

•O 

.2  Sb 

‘C  u 

Grade  in  school  or 
amount  of  education. 

Sex 

S  co 

°  S 

H 

c 

rt 

•p 

CO 

X  2 

*73 

•o 

’>  « 

V 

£  X 

52-^? 

§  s 

X  <u 

*Tj 

—  <u 

fe.S 

Q  ^ 

1  O) 

rS  w 
D  u 

x  > 

»s.s 

< 

5th  elem.  school  year 

( 

Male 

12 

24  7 

109.1 

0.454 

1.183 

l 

Female 

13 

23.8 

125.8 

0.320 

1.673 

6th  elem.  school  year 

s 

Male 

13 

22.9 

152.0 

0.204 

2.055 

l 

Female 

12 

21. 1 

1334 

0.200 

2.166 

7th  elem.  school  year 

s 

Male 

12 

34-2 

2177 

0.317 

1.089 

l 

Female 

13 

257 

135-5 

0.313 

1.519 

8th  elem.  school  year 

Male 

13 

38.1 

337-2 

0.218 

1.886 

{ 

Female 

12 

37-5 

339-3 

0.261 

1.064 

flj 

bjo 

1st  high  school  year 

1 

Male 

13 

50.4 

5163 

0.233 

0.624 

o 

1 

Female 

12 

51.2 

423.2 

0.205 

0.726 

o 

»H 

2nd  high  school  year 

s 

Male 

12 

69.1 

650.8 

0.161 

0.239 

o 

X 

Female 

13 

66.7 

675.1 

0.159 

0.324 

O  1 

x 

3rd  high  school  year 

s 

Male 

12 

77-0 

857-6 

0.145 

0.113 

in 

X 

Female 

13 

71.9 

738.8 

0.078 

0.301 

rt 

n 

4th  high  school  year 

f 

Male 

13 

82.2 

1081. 1 

0.081 

0.103 

'S< 

1 

Female 

12 

75-8 

820.8 

0.086 

0.206 

Ph 

ist  college  year 

s 

Male 

12 

85.3 

1201.6 

0.061 

0.084 

1 

Female 

13 

80.3 

12594 

0.042 

0.177 

2nd  college  year 

s 

Male 

13 

85-9 

1 188.6 

0.092 

0.040 

l 

Female 

12 

834 

12574 

0.075 

0.087 

3rd  college  year 

s 

Male 

12 

84.3 

1188.9 

0.081 

0.066 

l 

Female 

13 

83.3 

1344-9 

0.101 

0.078 

4th  college  year 

f 

Male 

13 

84.8 

1091.5 

0.116 

0.025 

l 

Female 

12 

85.8 

1366.3 

0.069 

0.044 

r 

4  elem.  school  years 

f 

Male 

13 

21.5 

1477 

0.259 

1.867 

1 

Female 

12 

19.9 

171.1 

0.184 

2.315 

'o 

O 

6  elem.  school  years 

f 

Male 

13 

28.8 

2647 

0.222 

1.585 

u 

cn 

1 

Female 

12 

25.3 

221.0 

0.195 

1.929 

Cm 

O 

8  elem.  school  years 

s 

Male 

12 

36^ 

305.1 

O.284 

0.978 

3 

O 

l 

Female 

13 

27.2 

215.8 

0.226 

1.746 

G 

4  high  school  years 

s 

Male 

6 

71.9 

932.0 

O.084 

0.307 

l 

Female 

19 

74-2 

1023.2 

0.136 

0.378 

c n 

O 

<D 

4  college  years 

f 

Male 

12 

86.3 

1353.8 

0.079 

0.034 

X 

G 

l 

Female 

13 

854 

1212.0 

0.063 

0.059 

cn 

Holding  Master’s  degree 

s 

Male 

12 

85.6 

13939 

O.III 

0.027 

”3 

l 

Female 

13 

92.2 

1518.5 

O.O38 

0.040 

< 

V 

Holding  Doctor’s  degree 

s 

Male 

15 

86.7 

1452.5 

0.109 

0.016 

l 

Female 

10 

83.4 

1291.3 

0.107 

0.047 

The  small  figures  in  the  third  column  indicate  the  number  of  subjects  in 
each  group. 


PART  III.  CERTAIN  SELECTIVE  INFLUENCES  AND 
EFFECTS  OF  SELECTION. 


The  factor  of  selection,  as  influencing  the  results  shown  by 
various  groups  of  subjects  represented  in  our  material,  has 
already  been  referred  to ;  but  its  importance  seems  to  be  sufficient 
to  warrant  special  consideration. 

The  participation  of  a  subject  in  a  given  type  of  activity  may 
be  regarded,  a  priori,  as  evidence  of  his  possession  of  a  certain 
fitness  for  it ;  similarly,  his  advancement  in  it  may  be  regarded  to 
some  extent  as  a  measure  of  the  fitness.  This  must,  of  course, 
apply  to  education  and  scientific  pursuits  as  to  any  other  type  of 
activity. 

Thus,  every  group  of  subjects  distinguished  according  to 
amount  of  education  is  a  selected  group  which  may  be  expected 
to  show  not  only  the  influence  of  the  given  amount  of  education 
but  also  that  of  native  mental  qualities  which  go  to  make  up  the 
fitness  for  it. 

This  principle  of  selection  by  fitness  may  be  readily  demon¬ 
strated  in  connection  with  some  of  the  groups  represented  in  our 
material. 

Table  7  shows  the  marked  contrasts  that  there  are  between 
groups  representing  approximately  the  same  amounts  of  education 
but  variously  selected  according  to  fitness  for  education  or  scien¬ 
tific  pursuits  as  assumed  from  the  fact  of  continuance  or  inter¬ 
ruption  of  scholastic  work  or  of  advancement  in  scientific 
standing. 

Thus,  adults,  whose  total  education  has  consisted  of  eight 
elementary  school  years,  stand  below  first  year  high  school  stu¬ 
dents  tested  at  the  beginning  of  the  term,  who  have  had,  of 
course,  approximately  the  same  amount  of  education  but  are 
distinguished  by  the  fact  of  continuing  their  work  at  school. 

Similarly,  adults  who  have  had  a  full  high  school  education 
stand  below  college  freshmen;  and  college  graduates  stand  below 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


9i 


TABLE  7. 


Averages. 

Subject  groups. 

(25  subjects  in  each  group.) 

Common 

reactions. 

High  standard 

values. 

Adults,  education  eight  elementary  school  years 

31.5 

258.6 

First  year  high  school  students 

50.3 

471.6 

Adults,  full  high  school  education 

737 

1001.7 

First  year  college  students 

82.7 

1231.6 

College  graduates 

85.8 

1280.1 

Persons  holding  Doctors’  degree,  not  in  scientific  directory 

854 

1388.0 

Mentioned  in  “American  Men  of  Science,”  not  “starred” 

90.0 

1479.2 

“Starred  men”1 

90.7 

1625.0 

those  who  have  undertaken  graduate  work  and  received  a  Doc¬ 
tor’s  degree.  In  the  last  instance,  particularly,  it  would  seem 
certain  that  the  difference  is  not  in  any  appreciable  degree  due  to 
education,  inasmuch  as  the  influence  of  education,  as  far  as  this 
test  is  concerned,  apparently  ceases  in  the  first  collegiate  year. 

Perhaps  even  more  significant  are  the  differences  between  the 
last  three  groups  represented  in  the  table.  The  subjects  whose 
names  appear  in  Cattell’s  “American  Men  in  Science”  stand  above 
those  who  have  gained  the  Doctor’s  degree  but  are  not  mentioned 
in  the  scientific  directory;  the  leaders  in  science,  the  “starred 

1  In  scoring  “starred  men’s”  records  for  the  statistics  of  this  table  it  was 
necessary  to  make  allowance  for  the  fact  that  the  test  record  of  each  subject 
entered  into  the  formation  of  the  “high  standard.”  The  corrected  “total  high 
standard  value”  for  each  test  record  in  this  group  was  calculated  according 

v 1 — 100 

to  this  formula :  v  —  100  -J - =  vt. 

99 

In  this  formula  v  represents  the  uncorrected,  and  the  corrected  total  high, 
standard  value.  The  100  points  deducted  from  v  correspond  to  the  contri¬ 
bution  of  each  test  record  toward  the  “high  standard,”  which  must  be  elimi¬ 
nated  in  order  that  the  given  test  record  may  not  be  scored  by  a  standard 

v  — 100 

partly  represented  by  itself.  The  addition  of  -  constitutes  an  allow- 

99 

ance  for  an  average  “high  standard”  test  record  which  must  be  added  to 
the  remaining  99  test  records  in  order  that  the  scoring  might  still  be  based 
on  a  standard  representing  a  full  100  test  records. 


92  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


men”  in  Cattell’s  book,  stand  above  those  who  are  not  “starred.” 

It  is,  however,  by  no  means  to  be  supposed  that  the  selection 
is  perfect,  or  that  fitness  alone  determines  it. 

In  the  first  place,  it  is  to  be  noted  that  the  positive  effects  of 
selection  appear  to  be  more  accurate  than  its  negative  effects. 
Thus,  the  group  of  adults  who  have  had  but  four  elementary 
school  years  of  education,  with  its  average  high  standard  value 
of  158.9,  presented  an  average  deviation  of  129.8,  or  81.8  per 
cent ;  for  the  group  of  elementary  school  graduates  the  average 
deviation  amounted  to  55.2  per  cent;  for  high  school  graduates, 
26.7  per  cent;  for  college  graduates,  22.4  per  cent;  for  those  who 
hold  a  Doctor’s  degree  but  are  not  mentioned  in  the  scientific 
directory  24.4  per  cent;  for  those  mentioned  in  the  directory  but 
not  “starred,”  17.0  per  cent;  and  for  the  group  of  “starred 
men,”  14.3  per  cent.  In  other  words,  with  but  one!  exception,  at 
every  step  upwards  in  the  scale  the  positive  phase  of  selection  is 
characterized  by  a  reduction  of  the  relative  extent  of  deviation 
from  the  average  high  standard  value. 

But  it  is  mainly  through  an  examination  of  individual  test 
records  that  the  inaccuracy  of  the  selection,  both  in  its  positive 
and  negative  phases,  is  clearly  brought  to  light. 

Assuming  that  the  total  high  standard  value  as  revealed  by  our 
test  is,  in  this  connection,  a  fairly  reliable  index  of  what  we  have 
called  fitness  (its  limitations  in  this  respect  will  be  discussed 
farther  on),  it  is  significant  that  two  subjects  in  the  group  of 
“starred  men”  represented  in  Table  7  furnished  test  records 
whose  high  standard  values  were  lower  than  the  average  for 
college  graduates;  while  four  subjects  in  the  group  of  college 
graduates  represented  in  the  same  table  furnished  test  records 
whose  high  standard  values  were  higher  than  the  average  for 
“starred  men.” 

Similarly,  one  subject  in  the  group  of  college  graduates  fur¬ 
nished  a  test  record  whose  high  standard  value  was  910, — 
lower  than  the  average  for  high  school  graduates — while  one  in 
the  group  of  adults,  high  school  graduates,  furnished  a  record 
whose  high  standard  value  was  1614, — nearly  up  to  the  average 
for  “starred  men.” 


PART  IV.  MEASUREMENTS  MADE  IN  CASES  OF 
INSANITY. 

As  stated  in  the  beginning,  this  work  was  undertaken  mainly 
owing  to  a  need,  felt  in  practical  psychiatry,  for  standardized 
methods  of  mental  measurement.  This  Part  is  to  consist  in  a 
presentation  of  material  collected  from  certain  groups  of  insane 
subjects  in  comparison  with  norms  given  in  Part  II. 

Our  interest  has  centered  particularly  on  dementia  praecox, 
manic  depressive  psychoses,  paranoic  conditions,  and  epilepsy. 

It  is  now  widely  recognized  that  impure  or  transition  forms  of 
these  psychoses  exist.  In  selecting  material  we  tried  to  find,  as  far 
as  possible,  cases  of  well  established  diagnosis,  and  to  eliminate 
“allied  to  dementia  praecox,”  “allied  to  manic  depressive  psy¬ 
choses,”  and  other  conditions  exhibiting  atypical  traits  of  sym- 
tomatology  or  course.  Among  the  manic-depressive  psychoses, 
however,  we  included  cases  of  so-called  involutional  melancholia. 

In  order  that  our  pathological  material  might  be  comparable 
with  our  norms  in  respect  to  education  only  subjects  who  had 
received  their  education  in  American  schools  were  selected;  a 
number  of  subjects  had  to  be  excluded,  however,  whose  educa¬ 
tion,  though  received  in  this  country,  was  largely  private,  or 
irregular,  or  for  other  reasons  not  to  be  accurately  evaluated. 
Also  subjects  whose  education  amounted  to  less  than  four  ele¬ 
mentary  school  years  were  excluded. 

As  we  were  interested  in  native  mental  capacity  and  not  in 
results  of  psychotic  disease,  we  sought  out  cases,  as  far  as  possi¬ 
ble,  of  recent  onset  and  free  from  evidences  of  mental  deteriora¬ 
tion.  Many  subjects  had  to  be  excluded  who  were  either  unwill¬ 
ing  or  unable  to  cooperate  fully  in  the  test  by  reason  of  very 
active  psychotic  minifestations  or  any  other  cause. 

Among  insane  subjects  commonly,  and  among  apparently 
normal  subjects  occasionally,  as  has  been  shown,  some  are  met 
with  who  present  unusual  associational  mechanisms  which  are 


94  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R .  ROSANOFF 

characterized  by  an  unduly  marked  tendency  to  respond  with 
individual  reactions  in  free  association  tests.  This  tendency,  in 
connection  with  the  present  test,  must  be  carefully  distinguished 
from  that  which  also  frequently  results  in  large  numbers  of  in¬ 
dividual  reactions  but  which  is  based  on  limitation  of  mental  ca¬ 
pacity  and  not  on  unusual  associational  mechanisms. 

In  order  to  exclude  from  our  pathological  material  cases  in 
which  a  poor  showing  in  the  test  might  be  made  by  reason  of 
such  unusual  associational  tendency  and  not  limitation  of  mental 
capacity,  we  gave  to  all  cases,  as  a  preliminary,  the  Kent-Rosanoff 
test ;  those  which  gave,  by  that  test,  more  than  fifteen  individual 
reactions  were  excluded. 

The  result  was  a  selection  of  205  cases  classified  as  follows : 


Dementia  praecox  .  120 

Manic-depressive  psychoses  .  49 

Paranoic  conditions  .  20 

Epilepsy  .  16 


It  will  readily  be  judged  that  our  manner  of  selection  has  been 
such  that  the  resulting  material  could  by  no  means  be  regarded  as 
truly  representative  of  the  clinical  groups  investigated.  Although 
there  are  at  the  Kings  Park  State  Hospital  over  4,500  patients 
and  an  admission  rate  of  over  1,000  a  year,  we  were  compelled  to 
seek  cases  at  the  Brooklyn,  Manhattan,  and  Central  Islip  State 
Hospitals  before  we  could  gather  even  the  small  amount  of  clin¬ 
ical  material  represented  in  our  study.  The  fact  is  that  the 
clinical  groups  studied  by  us  are  well  known  to  contain  much 
larger  proportions  of  subjects  who  have  shown  early  in  life  low 
degree  of  educability  or  other  evidence  of  mental  disability  than 
are  to  be  found  in  the  unselected  population  at  large.  Such 
mental  disability,  however,  is  hardly  an  essential  part  of  the 
clinical  picture  in  any  of  these  groups  and  may  rather  be  regarded 
as  a  complication  the  main  significance  of  which  is  due  to  its 
great  frequency, — a  matter  which  need  not  occupy  us  here. 

Our  selected  material  may,  accordingly,  be  expected  to  show 
only  what  influence,  upon  the  showing  in  the  test  employed  by 
us,  has  the  existence  of  dementia  praecox,  a  manic-depressive 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


95 


constitution,  a  paranoic  condition,  or  epilepsy,  as  such,  i.e.,  inde¬ 
pendently  of  the  frequently  observed  complications  of  original 
inferiority,  or  acquired  deterioration,  or  both. 

For  convenience  in  presentation  our  material  may  be  divided 
into  two  parts:  that  obtained  from  subjects  who  had  had  not 
more  than  a  complete  elementary  school  education  (Table  8), 
and  that  obtained  from  subjects  who  had  had  more  than  a  com¬ 
plete  elementary  school  education  (Table  9).  The  numbers  in 
the  tables  represent  averages  for  each  group. 

Among  the  11  cases  of  paranoic  conditions  represented  in 
Table  8  there  were:  1  with  an  education  of  four,  1  with  five, 
2  with  six,  6  with  seven,  and  1  with  eight  elementary  school  years. 
The  figures  for  normal  adults  given  for  comparison  with  this 
group  have  been  derived  by  calculation  based  on  averages  for 
subjects  of  corresponding  amounts  of  education. 

Among  the  11  cases  of  epilepsy  represented  in  Table  8  there 
were :  2  with  an  education  of  four,  3  with  five,  1  with  six,  4  with 
seven,  and  1  with  eight  elementary  school  years.  The  figures 
for  normal  adults  given  for  comparison  with  this  group,  also 
those  given  for  comparison  with  all  groups  of  neuropathic  cases, 
have  been  derived  in  the  manner  already  described  in  the  preced¬ 
ing  paragraph. 

It  will  be  seen  from  Table  8  that  our  neuropathic  groups,  with 
the  sole  exception  of  epilepsy,  have  furnished  higher  averages  of 
common  reactions  than  our  normal  groups.  This  showing  is 
evidently  associated  with  a  tendency  to  furnish  also  greater  num¬ 
bers  of  individual  reactions  and  fewer  failures  of  reaction  and  is 
perhaps  in  a  measure  to  be  attributed  to  the  lowered  inhibition 
which  is  so  characteristic  of  neuropathic  subjects  in  general. 

It  has  already  been  demonstrated  that  a  similar  tendency  to 
give  higher  numbers  of  common  and  individual  reactions  and 
fewer  failures  of  reaction  is  showft  by  male  subjects  as  compared 
with  female  ones;  but  in  this  case  the  showing  is  not  to  be  at¬ 
tributed  to  sex,  as  83  of  the  165  neuropathic  subjects  were  women 
and  the  sexes  were  equally  represented  in  the  normal  groups 
used  for  comparison. 

It  would  seem,  then,  that  there  is  in  normal  subjects,  inde- 


96  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


TABLE  8. 


Education 

Clinical  groups. 

Common 

reactions. 

High  standard 

value. 

Individuality 

index. 

Failure 

index. 

r 

Dementia  parecox 

16 

24.8 

151.6 

0.371 

*  1-445 

4  elem.  school  years  i 

Manic-depressive 

2 

30.5 

186.0 

0.166 

1.979 

{ 

Normal  adults 

25 

20.7 

158.9 

0.223 

2.082 

5  elem.  school  years  ( 

(Dementia  praecox 

10 

22.2 

140.7 

0-399 

1.410 

l 

i  Manic-depressive 

5 

44.2 

283.8 

o.33i 

0-494 

r 

Dementia  praecox 

33 

32.9 

229.2 

0.472 

0.847 

6  elem.  school  years  ^ 

Manic-depressive 

15 

36.2 

195.0 

o.35o 

0.886 

l 

Normal  adults 

25 

27.1 

240.1 

0.209 

1750 

7  elem.  school  years  f 

Dementia  praecox 

25 

39-6 

301.4 

0.358 

0.636 

1 

Manic-depressive 

8 

43-1 

356.3 

0.224 

1.016 

r 

Dementia  praecox 

20 

46.1 

429.2 

0.292 

0-549 

8  elem.  school  years  ] 

Manic-depressive 

9 

510 

425.8 

0.183 

0.573 

l 

Normal  adults 

25 

31.5 

258.6 

0.253 

1.377 

f 

Paranoic  conditions 

11 

42.1 

344-4 

0.266 

0.968 

Mixed  groups  ^ 

Normal  adults 

28.1 

239-4 

0.226 

1645 

1 

Epilepsy 

11 

25.0 

97.8 

0-553 

0.850 

l 

Normal  adults 

27.0 

224.7 

0.228 

1705 

All  groups  ( 

Neuropathic  cases 

165 

36.3 

265.3 

0.363 

0.879 

l 

Normal  adults 

27.4 

231.8 

0.226 

1.689 

The  small  figures  in  the  second  column  indicate  the  number  of  subjects  in 
each  group. 


pendently  of  sex,  an  inhibiting  mechanism  which  is  lacking  in 
neuropathic  subjects  and  which  is  distinct  from  the  somewhat 
similar  inhibiting  mechanism  existing  in  the  female  and  lacking 
in  the  male  sex. 

The  high  standard  values  appear,  on  the  whole,  slightly  lower 
for  dementia  praecox,  higher  for  manic-depressive  psychoses  and 
paranoic  conditions,  and  distinctly  lower  for  epilepsy  than  for 
groups  of  normal  subjects  of  corresponding  amounts  of  educa¬ 
tion.  The  differences  are  not  very  striking  if  we  leave  out  of 
consideration  the  groups  of  cases  which  are  too  small  for  trust¬ 
worthy  results.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that,  as  far  as  subjects  of 
elementary  education  are  concerned,  the  existence  of  one  of  the 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


97 


neuropathic  conditions  here  considered,  with  the  possible  excep¬ 
tion  of  epilepsy,  does  not  in  the  average  case  affect  unfavorably 
the  showing  in  the  test  as  regards  high  standard  value. 

A  comparison  of  the  dementia  praecox  with  the  manic- 
depressive  groups  shows  that  the  individuality  index  is  uniformly 
higher  and  the  number  of  common  reactions  lower  in  dementia 
praecox. 


TABLE  9. 


Clinical  groups. 

Common 

reactions. 

High  standard 
value. 

Individuality 

index. 

Failure 

index. 

Dementia  praecox 

16 

58.9 

664.4 

0.204 

0.468 

Normal  subjects 

75-6 

941.1 

0.117 

0-395 

Manic-depressive 

10 

65.3 

741-3 

0.125 

0.328 

Normal  subjects 

73-3 

886.9 

0.127 

0.276 

Paranoic  conditions 

9 

59-9 

591-0 

0.285 

0.160 

Normal  subjects 

76.2 

975-6 

0.108 

0.316 

Epilepsy 

5 

51-4 

418.8 

0.325 

0.374 

Normal  subjects 

74-9 

936.8 

0.120 

0.256 

All  neuropathic  cases 

40 

59-8 

636.4 

0.218 

0.352 

Normal  subjects 

75-0 

934-8 

0.153 

0-359 

We  may  now  turn  to  Table  9  in  which  is  represented  the 
material  obtained  from  subjects  of  higher  than  elementary  school 
education. 

Among  the  sixteen  cases  of  dementia  praecox  represented  in 
this  table  there  were  4  with  an  education  of  one,  3  with  two, 
1  with  three,  and  4  with  four  high  school  years ;  and  1  with  two, 
1  with  three,  and  2  with  four  collegiate  years. 

Among  the  10  cases  of  manic-depressive  psychoses  there  were 
3  with  an  education  of  one,  2  with  two,  2  with  three,  and  2  with 
four  high  school  years,  and  1  with  a  full  collegiate  education. 

Among  the  9  cases  of  paranoic  conditions  there  were  2  with  an 
education  of  two,  2  with  three,  and  4  with  four  high  school  years, 
and  1  with  two  collegiate  years. 

Among  the  five  cases  of  epilepsy  there  were  1  with  an  educa¬ 
tion  of  one,  1  with  two,  and  2  with  four  high  school  years,  and 
1  with  one  collegiate  year. 


98  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


The  figures  for  normal  subjects  in  this  table  given  for  com¬ 
parison  with  the  respective  neuropathic  groups  and  with  all  the 
neuropathic  cases  treated  in  bulk  have  been  calculated  in  the  same 
manner  as  those  given  in  Table  8  for  comparison  with  the  mixed 
education  groups. 

Table  9  shows  that  the  neuropathic  groups  have  furnished 
fewer  common  reactions,  lower  high  standard  values,  and  higher 
individuality  and  failure  indices  than  normal  groups  of  corres¬ 
ponding  degrees  of  education.  This  is  true  of  clinical  groups 
considered  individually  as  well  as  all  together. 

Thus,  the  showing  made  by  neuropathic  subjects  of  higher  than 
elementary  education  is  in  rather  striking  contrast  with  that  made 
by  similar  subjects  who  had  had  not  more  than  an  elementary 
school  education. 

Is  there  in  neuropathic  subjects  a  failure  of  full  mental  matur¬ 
ation  or,  at  the  time  of  transition  from  immature  to  adult  age,  a 
deterioration  in  respect  to  educability?  Or,  does  higher  educa¬ 
tion  involve  demands  upon  mentality  which  are  so  much  greater 
than  those  involved  in  elementary  education  as  to  bring  out  a 
contrast  between  neuropathic  and  normal  constitutions  which  ex¬ 
ists  at  immature  as  well  as  adult  ages  but  which  the  application 
merely  of  elementary  education  fails  to  reveal?  These  are 
questions  which  suggest  tasks  for  future  research  but  which  must, 
for  the  present,  remain  unanswered. 

Of  the  four  neuropathic  groups  here  considered  the  showing 
most  closely  approaching  that  of  normal  subjects  is  that  of  the 
manic-depressive  group;  and  this  is  followed  by  the  remaining 
groups  in  this  order :  dementia  praecox,  paranoic  conditions,  and 
epilepsy. 

It  should  be  noted  that  a  neuropathic  constitution  does  not 
preclude  the  possibility  of  at  least  a  fairly  good  showing  in  this 
test:  8  of  the  40  neuropathic  subjects  represented  in  Table  9  fur¬ 
nished  high  standard  values  above  the  normal  averages  for  cor¬ 
responding  degrees  of  education;  these  were  distributed  as  fol¬ 
lows:  2  cases  of  dementia  praecox  (out  of  a  total  of  16),  4  cases 
of  manic-depressive  psychoses  (out  of  a  total  of  10),  2  cases  of 
paranoic  condition  (out  of  a  total  of  9),  and  none  among  the  five 
cases  of  epilepsy. 


PART  V.  EVALUATION  OF  THE  METHOD. 
SUGGESTION  FOR  BETTER  STANDARDIZATION. 


In  the  course  of  our  work  some  who  were  assisting  us  in  the 
collection  of  material  and  others  who  had  become  interested  in 
the  test  offered  criticisms  of  our  selection  of  stimulus  words:  that 
there  is  too  large  a  proportion  of  scientific  terms ;  that  some  of  the 
words  are  SO'  seldom  used  that  it  is  possible  for  one  not  to  know 
them  and  yet  have  a  fair  general  knowledge  of  the  subjects 
concerned  ( isomerism ,  colloid,  abscissa )  ;  that  some  words  may, 
through  a  slight  mispronunciation,  be  mistaken  for  others  much 
like  them  in  sound  ( hyperbole  for  hyperbola,  synthesis  for 
symphisis ) . 

We  shall  show,  presently,  that  very  considerable  changes  in 
our  list  of  stimulus  words  could  be  made  with  resulting  improve¬ 
ment  of  the  method ;  but  these  changes  have  nothing  to  do  with 
the  above  mentioned  criticisms  and  would  have  to  be  based  on 
purely  empirical  grounds. 

Moreover,  within  certain  limits,  the  selection  of  stimulus  words 
is  not  so  important  a  matter  as  might  appear,  the  value  of  the 
test  depending  to  a  greater  extent  on  thoroughness  of  standardi¬ 
zation.  The  fact  that  persons  of  certain  education  fail  to  respond 
to  many  of  the  stimulus  words  because  they  are  scientific  terms, 
perhaps  seldom  used,  and  therefore  not  known  to  them,  need  not 
lead  to  an  underestimation  of  their  mental  capacity,  provided  the 
showing  of  each  is  compared  only  with  that  of  others  of  a  similar 
amount  and  kind  of  education;  and,  after  all,  there  is  to-day  no 
education  without  a  certain  minimum  of  science. 

Also,  the  fact  that  some  subjects  will  give  to  the  word  hyperbole 
such  responses  as  curve,  mathematics,  and  parabola,  evidently 
mistaking  it  for  hyperbola,  will  not  lead  to  error,  as  these  re¬ 
sponses  and  others  like  them  have,  in  the  process  of  standardiza¬ 
tion,  found  places  in  the  frequency  tables  with  values  probably 
corresponding  to  the  measure  of  the  chance  of  misapprehension. 


100  A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


Other  criticisms  that  have  been  offered  pertain  mainly  to  our 
instruction  to  subjects  to  respond  with  the  first  word :  when  two 
or  three  words  crowd  into  consciousness  almost  at  once  one 
hardly  knows  which  was  the  first;  some  subjects  will  exercise 
choice,  more  or  less  consciously,  in  spite  of  instructions,  and 
thus  disturb  the  uniformity  of  conditions;  the  first  word  aroused 
by  association,  being  more  or  less  casual,  cannot  always  be  re¬ 
garded  as  the  best  indication  of  the  subject’s  knowledge;  re¬ 
action  time  should  be  recorded  or  a  set  limit  of  time  for  reaction 
enforced  with  the  aid  of  a  metronome. 

Our  main  defense  of  our  method  consists  in  the  results  of  its 
application.  That  it  is  burdened  with  limitations  and  short¬ 
comings,  and  the  extent  to  which  it  is  so  burdened,  we  shall  try 
to  show  as  far  as  possible.  We  can  say  at  this  point,  however, 
that  the  above  criticisms  would  not  seem  to  be  wholly  valid. 

The  difficulty  of  choosing  the  first  of  a  rapid  succession  of 
words  aroused  by  association  we  judge  to  be  but  rarely  experi¬ 
enced,  as  subjects  seldom  show  any  evidences  of  it  and  seldom 
speak  of  it  even  when  giving  an!  introspective  account ;  therefore 
we  believe  any  error  that  may  result  from  this  source  to  be 
insignificant,  except  possibly  in  subjects  of  unusual  mental 
constitution. 

That  some  subjects  may  exercise  more  or  less  conscious  choice, 
in  spite  of  instructions  not  to  do  so,  we  are  not  in  position  to 
dispute;  we  do  not  know  how  often  it  happens,  but  our  experi¬ 
ence  leads  us  to  believe  that  the  instructions,  though  setting  no 
limit  of  time  for  reaction,  nevertheless  effectually  exclude  for 
almost  all  cases  the  chance  of  any  considerable  conscious  deliber¬ 
ation,  as  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  the  great  majority  of 
our  adult  subjects  have  completed  the  test  in  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  minutes. 

Among  the  highest  scored  test  records  many  have  been  ob¬ 
tained  in  less  than  ten  minutes;  which  shows  that,  if  subjects, 
who  have  taken  a  longer  time,  did  so  for  the  purpose  of  conscious 
deliberation,  they  were  not  necessarily  enabled  thereby  to  produce 
a  higher  scored  result. 

It  should  further  be  considered  that  the  specificity  of  the  great 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


IOI 


majority  of  the  responses  indicates  that  they  are  all  the  result  of 
choice.  The  question  is,  therefore,  not  as  between  choice  or  no 
choice,  but  as  between  unconscious  and  deliberate  choice.  Here, 
it  seems  to  us,  a  sharp  line  of  distinction  could  hardly  be  drawn; 
and  inasmuch  as  the  chance  of  deliberate  choice,  as  already  stated, 
is  generally  slight  and  apparently  without  demonstrable  advan¬ 
tage,  any  error  that  might  result  from  this  source,  too,  would 
seem  to  be  but  inconsiderable. 

As  to  the  point  of  the  first  word  aroused  by  association  being 
more  or  less  casual  and  not  always  to  be  regarded  as  the  best 
indication  of  the  subject’s  knowledge,  it  must  be  observed  that 
the  only  other  alternative,  namely,  that  of  securing  the  subject’s 
best  choice,  would  be  practically  impossible  of  realization :  one  is 
at  his  best  mentally  probably  during  but  small  fractions  of  his 
life  time.  We  could,  of  course,  call  for  the  response  that  might 
at  the  time  of  the  test  be  chosen  by  the  subject  as  the  most  appro¬ 
priate  one ;  but  this,  it  seems  to  us,  would  but  increase  the  scope 
of  interference  of  the  uncontrolled  variable  factor  of  conscious 
choice,  without  at  the  same  time  making  sure  of  evoking  a  re¬ 
sponse  which  would  be  the  best  indication  of  the  subject’s 
knowledge. 

We  have  considered  the  advisability  of  recording  the  reaction 
time  or  of  setting  a  limit  of  time  for  reaction  with  the  aid  of  a 
metronome,  but  have  decided  against  it  mainly  on  the  grounds  of 
our  psychiatric  experience;  and  it  will  be  recalled  here  that  we 
undertook  this  Work  in  response  to  a  need  which  we  have  come 
to  feel  in  our  psychiatric  practice.  In  formulating  the  condi¬ 
tions  of  the  test  we  aimed  to  secure  for  the  subject  the  greatest 
possible  freedom  from  affective  tension,  such  as  might  be  pro¬ 
duced  by  placing  any  emphasis  whatever  on  reaction  time.  Such 
tension,  we  believe,  would  probably  affect  the  results  in  cases 
of  neuropathic  subjects,  if  not  in  many  normal  ones  as  well.  The 
readiness  with  which  such  tension  develops  varies  so  widely  in 
different  individuals  that  it  would  seem  very  doubtful  if  a  gain, 
rather  than  a  loss,  in  uniformity  of  conditions  Would  result  from 
the  introduction  of  a  factor  of  technique  which  might  tend  to 
excite  it. 


102  A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


Turning  again  to  the  question  of  selection  of  stimulus  words, 
we  submit  in  Table  io,  in  connection  with  each  of  the  stimulus 
words  on  our  list,  the  sum  of  the  high  standard  values  of  the  re¬ 
sponses  given,  respectively,  by  five  groups  of  normal  subjects 
(25  in  each  group)  which  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  one 
another  according  to  degree  of  physiological  maturation,  amount 
of  education,  or  mental  capacity. 

Assuming  that  the  showing  should  be  uninterruptedly  pro¬ 
gressive  in  the  order  of  the  arrangement  of  the  groups  of  sub¬ 
jects  in  the  table,  it  will  be  noted  that  the  actual  showing  is  not 
equally  consistent  with  expectation  for  all  the  stimulus  words. 

The  stimulus  words  may,  in  this  respect,  be  divided  into  three 
classes :  Class  A,  for  which  the  showing  is  entirely  consistent  with 
expectation ;  Class  B,  for  which  it  is  consistent  in  relation  to  but 
four  of  the  five  groups  of  subjects  represented  in  the  table;  and 
Class  C,  for  which  it  is  consistent  in  relation  to  but  two  or  three 
groups  of  subjects. 

According  to  this  grouping  the  stimulus  words  arrange  them¬ 
selves  as  follows  : 

Class  A  (41  words)  :  Waterloo ,  arithmetic ,  isomerism ,  Por¬ 
tugal,  burette,  coagulation,  Cervantes,  metabolism,  inquisition, 
amphibious,  osmosis,  titration,  duodenum,  biology,  Odyssey,  verte¬ 
brate,  gravimetric,  morphology,  Magellan,  protosoon,  syntax, 
binomial,  crustacean,  ventral,  dorsal,  colloid,  synthesis,  Athens, 
perennial,  catalytic,  spectrum,  continent,  spore,  haemoglobin,  pro¬ 
toplasm,  molecule,  cotyledon ,  galvanic,  polarization,  cephalic, 
kinetic. 

Class  B  (28  words)  :  botany,  declension ,  hyperbole,  retina, 
franchise,  decimal,  percentage,  cerebellum,  carbohydrate,  hypothr- 
enuse,  hexameter,  distillation,  chlorophyll,  tetrahedron,  Madagas¬ 
car,  corolla,  Belgium,  tangent,  epithelium,  feudalism,  embryo, 
Renaissance,  isosceles,  cohesion,  centrifugal,  abscissa,  gravitation, 
calyx. 

Class  C  (31  words)  :  geography,  participle,  ref raction,  amoeba, 
physics,  subtraction,  predicate,  mollusc,  hydraulic,  fractions, 
cosecant,  federal,  meteor,  momentum,  Cornwallis,  pollen,  penin- 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


103 


TABLE  10. 


5th  elem. 

school  year. 

1st  high  I 

school  year,  j 

1st  college 

year. 

Subjects 

holding 

Master’s 

degree. 

“Starred 

Men.” 

geography 

96 

191 

148 

‘  99 

149 

participle 

0 

293 

305 

263 

412 

Waterloo 

6 

427 

728 

772 

918 

refraction 

1 

46 

436 

33i 

436 

arithmetic 

20 

78 

124 

193 

201 

botany 

0 

182 

260 

237 

288 

isomerism 

0 

0 

29 

39 

238 

Portugal 

160 

252 

583 

597 

665 

amoeba 

12 

0 

72 

106 

102 

declension 

0 

177 

447 

33i 

454 

burette 

21 

6 

123 

141 

198 

physics 

0 

9i 

350 

250 

317 

hyperbole 

0 

7 

150 

169 

150 

retina 

0 

160 

1521 

1520 

1564 

coagulation 

O 

0 

408 

617 

696 

Cervantes 

I 

7 

187 

298 

710 

franchise 

6 

6 

182 

119 

235 

subtraction 

49 

170 

595 

550 

538 

metabolism 

1 

0 

12 

82 

126 

predicate 

1 19 

382 

570 

414 

409 

mollusc 

8 

0 

68 

208 

203 

inquisition 

2 

75 

255 

405 

450 

amphibious 

3 

3 

140 

272 

399 

decimal 

IOI 

337 

489 

373 

564 

hydraulic 

0 

98 

506 

458 

392 

osmosis 

0 

0 

38 

99 

no 

percentage 

21 

96 

117 

179 

121 

cerebellum 

0 

195 

1008 

1067 

1067 

fractions 

11 7 

160 

277 

139 

261 

titration 

1 

0 

75 

114 

184 

carbohydrate 

0 

23 

185 

144 

227 

duodenum 

0 

2 

6 

496 

766 

cosecant 

0 

0 

4i  1 

382 

210 

biology 

2 

95 

128 

209 

228 

Odyssey 

6 

77 

623 

715 

892 

vertebrate 

0 

50 

122 

285 

389 

gravimetric 

0 

19 

69 

73 

126 

federal 

0 

118 

443 

230 

314 

morphology 

1 

20 

32 

245 

489 

hypothenuse 

0 

195 

908 

1125 

1033 

Magellan 

13 

195 

233 

532 

829 

hexameter 

2 

20 

1 14 

96 

220 

meteor 

3 

82 

330 

339 

306 

momentum 

0 

9 

234 

203 

186 

Cornwallis 

12 

227 

226 

145 

217 

protozoon 

14 

0 

103 

230 

255 

syntax 

8 

198 

754 

817 

860 

distillation 

0 

81 

282 

318 

156 

pollen 

109 

108 

47i 

392 

423 

peninsula 

202 

303 

363 

268 

272 

binomial 

4 

36 

545 

830 

845 

104  A.  J.  R0SAN0FF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  R0SAN0FF 


TABLE  io — Continued. 


5th  elem. 

school  year. 

1st  high 

school  year. 

1  st  college 

year. 

Subjects 

holding 

Master’s 

degree 

“Starred 

Men.” 

crustacean 

5 

8 

105 

151 

197 

Bonaparte 

0 

354 

733 

600 

559 

meridian 

4i 

122 

1 33 

134 

11 7 

chlorophyll 

25 

34 

209 

442 

37i 

tetrahedron 

0 

7 

105 

164 

106 

Madagascar 

235 

473 

560 

596 

549 

corolla 

0 

254 

209 

304 

376 

ventral 

3 

2 

145 

220 

479 

Belgium 

72 

199 

228 

289 

217 

tangent 

0 

10 

201 

287 

275 

dorsal 

0 

0 

252 

393 

438 

colloid 

I 

2 

14 

44 

95 

equator 

120 

101 

176 

154 

147 

judiciary 

2 

186 

320 

334 

128 

synthesis 

O 

10 

128 

498 

604 

Athens 

6 

469 

965 

1235 

1345 

epithelium 

I 

3 

5i 

750 

514 

feudalism 

0 

17 

49 

72 

67 

coefficient 

0 

107 

146 

124 

93 

perennial 

I 

50 

153 

181 

246 

plebeian 

I 

0 

299 

263 

247 

catalytic 

o 

1 

55 

57 

147 

embryo 

0 

4 

42 

125 

103 

spectrum 

o 

0 

164 

237 

309 

continent 

87 

180 

240 

241 

33i 

spore 

0 

18 

59 

79 

149 

theorem 

I 

25 

45i 

274 

224 

Himalaya 

192 

607 

599 

710 

596 

Renaissance 

0 

3 

69 

94 

78 

quotient 

12 

132 

257 

124 

230 

oxidation 

0 

101 

238 

200 

193 

haemoglobin 

0 

1 

507 

1265 

1734 

axiom 

0 

12 

356 

273 

223 

Amazon 

918 

1242 

616 

824 

899 

isosceles 

0 

891 

1716 

1503 

1760 

cohesion 

0 

12 

234 

217 

275 

protoplasm 

3 

4i 

84 

126 

1 27 

centrifugal 

0 

33 

462 

565 

53i 

molecule 

1 

98 

398 

500 

683 

cotyledon 

5 

5i 

109 

203 

318 

abscissa 

0 

4 

151 

124 

413 

gravitation 

0 

97 

1  163 

213 

170 

galvanic 

0 

0 

123 

264 

444 

logarithm 

0 

0 

268 

231 

225 

calyx 

1 

492 

513 

646 

564 

polarization 

9 

6 

143 

533 

698 

cephalic 

0 

0 

7i 

354 

507 

proteid 

0 

43 

470 

321 

294 

kinetic 

0 

0 

353 

517 

624 

A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


105 


sula,  Bonaparte ,  meridian ,  equator ,  judiciary ,  coefficient ,  plebeian, 
theorem ,  Himalaya,  quotient,  oxidation,  axiom,  Amazon,  logar¬ 
ithm,  proteid. 

The  figures  of  Table  10  are  presented  in  summary  form,  for 
the  three  classes  of  stimulus  words  here  distinguished,  in  Table 
11,  wherein  each  number  represents  the  average  sum  of  high 
standard  values  of  the  responses  given  by  each  group  of  subjects 
to  the  stimulus  Words  in  the  given  class. 


TABLE  11. 


Stimulus  words. 

.  *-« 
e  ctf 

C  CD 

JJ  ^ 

<u  — < 

0 

c/) 

1  st  high 
school  year. 

I 

1st  college 

year. 

Subjects 

holding 

Master’s 

degree. 

“Starred 

Men.” 

Class  A  (41  words) 

15.36 

99.08 

37540 

606.36 

801.96 

Class  B  (28  words) 

18.56 

160.48 

42500 

48276 

497.92 

Class  C  (31  words) 

80.60 

212.40 

434-68 

373-72 

372.88 

Totals 

114.52 

471.96 

1235.08 

1462.84 

1672.76 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  while,  as  shown  in  Table  10,  none  of  the 
words  in  Class  B  elicited  a  showing  entirely  consistent  with  ex¬ 
pectation,  the  showing  of  the  class  as  a  whole,  as  given  in  Table 
11,  is  consistent. 

It  Would  seem  from  all  this  that,  while  the  test  is  sound  in 
principle,  it  is  capable  of  considerable  improvement  through  a 
better  selection  of  stimulus  words.  The  improved  selection  is  to 
be  made  only  by  an  empirical  method,  like  that  which  enabled  us 
to  select  from  amongst  our  list  of  one  hundred  stimulus  words 
those  of  Class  A.  In  other  words,  it  would  be  necessary  to  make 
a  preliminary  selection  of,  say,  two  hundred  additional  stimulus 
words;  to  apply  the  test  by  means  of  these  words  to  variously 
selected  groups  of  subjects  in  order  to  construct  frequency  tables 
and  norms  representing  certain  degrees  of  education,  mental 
capacity,  etc. ;  and  finally,  to  eliminate,  with  the  aid  of  material 
thus  collected,  all  Words  like  those  of  Class  C  and  perhaps  even 
like  those  of  Class  B,  so  that  one  hundred  stimulus  words  would 


io6  A.  /.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


remain  eventually  which  would  correspond  as  far  as  possible 
with  our  Class  A. 

The  test  could  probably  be  further  improved  if  it  were  practic¬ 
able  to  make  a  stricter  selection  of  subjects  whose  test  records 
should  go  to  make  up  the  “high  standard”  represented  in  the 
frequency  tables.  It  would  be  desirable  to  select  not  only 
“starred  men”  exclusively,  but,  from  amongst  them,  those  whose 
test  records  make  a  showing  above  the  average  for  their  class. 
This  would  involve  the  application  of  the  test  by  means  of,  say, 
250  provisionally  selected  stimulus  words,  as  suggested  above,  to 
at  least  200  “starred  men.” 

Upon  being  thus  improved,  the  test  could  still  not  be  applied  to 
individual  cases  without  certain  precautions. 

Above  all  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  test  is  not  applic¬ 
able  to  subjects  showing  unusual  associational  mechanisms,  es¬ 
pecially  if  characterized  by  an  undue  tendency  to  give  individual 
reactions.  Among  such  subjects  are  to  be  found  some  who  are 
beyond  question  of  very  great  mental  capacity. 

One  such  subject,  a  “starred  man,”  occupying  a  chair  in  an 
important  department  of  one  of  our  leading  universities,  a  man  of 
international  standing  in  science*  devoted  forty  minutes  to  a  con¬ 
scientious  but  painful  and  futile  attempt  to  cooperate  in  the  test 
and  gave  it  up  as  hopeless  at  the  end  of  that  time. 

Another  subject,  equally  eminent,  writes  in  a  personal  com¬ 
munication  :  “My  own  difficulty  is  this. — When  a  word  is 
dropped  into  me,  as  stimulus,  it  is  likely  first  of  all  to  arouse  a 
gross  conscious-attitude;  then,  out  of  that,  there  emerge  (vari¬ 
ously  under  various  circumstances)  images,  feels,  particularized 
attitudes,  word-ideas.  The  wtord-ideas  (1)  are  often  irrelevant 
to  the  direct  meaning  of  the  stimulus, — they  derive  mediately 
from  the  attitude;  (2)  are  often  incomplete,  mere  hints  of  a 
word;  and  (3)  often  carry  the  meaning  not  of  a  single  word  but 
rather  of  a  phrase  or  group  of  words.  I  think  I  may  say  that 
the  direct  word-to-word  association  is  almost  unknown  to  me, — 
unless  I  am  working  under  a  very  pressing  instruction  as  to  time ; 
then  perhaps  I  should  get  individual  verbal  ideas. — Your  instruc¬ 
tion,  now,  calls  for  the  ‘first  word.'  The  only  way  I  could  meet 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


io  7 


it  would  be,  I  think,  by  a  course  of  practice  during  which  it  (the 
instruction)  was  repeated  again  and  again,  until  I  got  “mechan¬ 
ised”  as  a  word-associator.  That  process  seems  possible;  though 
I  am  not  sure — one  cannot  be  beforehand — that  the  utterance  of 
the  word  would  ever  really  represent  my  immediate  response  to 
the  stimulus  word.” 

In  other  cases  subjects,  apparently  cooperating  without  diffi¬ 
culty,  respond  very  largely  with  individual  reactions.  A  striking 
instance  is  represented  by  the  following  test  record.  It  is  perhaps 
significant  that  no  fewer  than  eight  reactions  are  “doubt¬ 
ful”  and  that  of  the  forty-nine  individual  reactions  as  many  as 
eleven  fall  into  the  class  of  those  possessing  “value  assigned  by 
appendix”  (see  Part  I),  namely,  metabolism — inhibition,  meteor 
— surprise,  momentum — forward,  Bonaparte — leader,  synthesis 
— fusion,  plebeian — despicable,  embryo — hormone,  axiom — rea¬ 
son,  cohesion — aggregation,  centrifugal — approach,  and  molecule 
analysis. 

Male,  age  38,  “starred  man,”  has  made  important  contributions  to  science, 
eminent  both  as  teacher  and  as  investigator,  has  been  elected  to  offices  and 
has  received  appointments  indicating  general  recognition  in  competent  circles 
of  his  scientific  attainments. 

This  test  record  has  an  apparent  total  high  standard  value  of  456.  As  it 
has  served,  with  our  other  “starred  men’s”  records,  for  the  construction  of 
the  “high  standard”  on  which  the  scoring  of  its  reactions  is  based,  a  correction 
is  required.  The  corrected  total  high  standard  value  is  360,  calculated  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  formula  already  given  (Part  III)  : 


geography. . 
participle. . 
Waterloo.  .  , 
refraction.. . 
arithmetic. , 

botany . 

isomerism .  . 
Portugal .  .  . 
amoeba. . . . 
declension, 
burette .... 
(physics .  .  . . 
hyperbole.  . 

retina . 

coagulation 
Cervantes . . 
franchise.  . 
subtraction, 
metaibolism 
predicate . . 
mollusc.  . .  . 


456—IOO 

456  —IOO  + 

- =  360. 

99 

6 

book 

binomial . 

.  1 

accuracy 

17 

grammar 

crustacean . 

development 

46 

Napoleon 

Bonaparte . 

.  1 

leader 

35 

light 

meridian . . 

.  1 

artificial 

1 

books 

chlorophyll . 

.  1 

composition 

1 

sensibility 

tetrahedron . 

.  5 

form 

28 

chemistry 

Madagascar . 

.  1 

travel 

1 

war 

corolla . . 

.  1 

morphology 

1 

light 

v?qn  trail . 

.  1 

picture 

29 

noun 

(Belgium . 

.  1 

university 

2 

fluid 

tangent . 

.  1 

relation 

1 

refraction 

dorsal . 

.  1 

opposite 

10 

curve 

colloid.  .  .' . 

.  1 

teleology 

1 

cell 

equator . 

.  1 

central 

48 

blood 

judiciary . 

.  1 

crime 

1 

novel 

synthesis . 

.  1 

fusion 

1 

right 

Athens . 

.  1 

war 

1 

process 

epithelium . 

.  1 

protection 

1 

inhibition 

feudalism . 

armament 

25 

verb 

coefficient . 

.  1 

index 

11 

shell 

perennial . 

.  2 

year 

io8  A.  /.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


inquisition . 

. . . .  1 

century 

amphibious . 

. ...  2 

batrachian 

decimal . 

....  38 

fraction 

hydraulic . 

press 

osmosis . 

water 

percentage . 

....  2 

mathematics 

cerebellum . 

. . ..  1 

irritability 

fractions . 

....  13 

decimals 

titration . 

. . . .  1 

accuracy 

carbohydrate . 

.. ..  2 

nutrition 

duodenum . 

rhythm 

cosecant . 

angle 

biology . 

science 

Odyssey . 

....  11 

Greek 

vertebrate . 

classification 

gravimetric . 

.  .  .  .  1 

psychometric 

federal . 

laws 

morphology . 

.  .  .  .  1 

fashion 

hypothenuse . 

. . .  .  1 

visual 

Magellan . 

....  2 

geography 

hexameter . 

measure 

meteor . 

. . . .  1 

surprise 

momentum . 

. . ..  1 

forward 

Cornwallis . 

. .  ..  1 

peace 

protozoon . 

zoology 

syntax . 

. . ..  1 

science 

distillation . 

. . ..  1 

research 

pollen . 

.  .  . .  4 

fertilization 

peninsula . 

. .  ..  1 

description 

plebeian . 

. . .  .  1 

despicable 

catalytic . 

. . ..  1 

psychology 

embryo . . 

. . .  .  1 

hormone 

spectrum . . 

. . . .  1 

divisions 

continent . 

. . . .  1 

science 

spore . 

. . ..  1 

individual 

theorem . 

problem 

Himalaya . 

. . ..  1 

space 

Renaissance . 

. . ..  1 

genetic 

quotient . . 

. . . .  1 

outcome 

oxidation . . 

. .  . .  1 

progress 

haemoglobin . . 

. . . .  1 

corpuscle 

axiom . 

. .  ..  1 

reason 

Amazon . 

. . . .  1 

parrot 

isosceles . 

.  .  ..  1 

generalization 

cohesion . 

aggregation 

protoplasm . 

. ...  1 

analysis 

Centrifugal . 

. . . .  1 

approach 

molecule . 

. . ..  1 

analysis 

cotyledon . 

. . ..  1 

part 

abscissa . 

. . ..  1 

description 

gravitation . 

.  . ..  1 

molecular 

galvanic . 

. . ..  1 

laboratory 

logarithm . 

. . . .  1 

Cliauvenet 

calyx . 

botany 

polarization . 

. . ..  1 

apparatus 

cephalic . . 

. .. .  1 

neurology 

proteid . 

.  . ..  1 

bio-chemistry 

kinetic . . 

activity 

In  a  given  case  the  question  of  the  presence  of  unusual  asso- 
ciational  tendencies,  such  as  are  here  referred  to,  and  others  as 
well,  can  be  determined  by  the,  application  of  the  Kent-Rosanoff 
test,  as  we  have  done  in  selecting  our  pathological  material. 

The  possibility  of  a  poor  showing  attributable  to  a  temporary 
condition  of  the  subject  (see  Part  II)  must  also  always  be  con¬ 
sidered.  A  safer  judgment  in  a  given  case  could  perhaps  be 
arrived  at  by  giving  the  test  two  or  three  times  at  intervals  of, 
say,  three  months,  and  using  the  test  record  with  the  best 
showing. 

A  small  portion  of  the  material  in  our  possession  suggests 
that  a  good  showing  in  the  test  is  not  necessarily  an  indication  of 
a  mental  constitution  which  would  insure  in  the  given  case  a 
career  of  productiveness  and  achievement  even  in  spheres  of 
purely  scholastic  or  scientific  activity.  It  would  seem  to  indicate 
merely  the  possession  of  certain  elements  of  mental  constitution 
which  bear  a  highly  important  relationship  to  such  achievement. 

We  are  led  to  say,  then,  that  in  the  individual  case  the  test, 
even  in  the  most  improved  form  conceived  by  us,  and  in  spite  of 
the  above  suggested  precautions,  will  not  furnish  an  absolutely 
conclusive  result.  We  offer  it  merely  as  a  material  aid,  to  be  used 
in  connection  with  other  methods  of  investigation,  in  measuring 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


109 


mental  capacity.  Just  as,  for  instance,  no  physician  undertaking 
the  investigation  of  a  case  of  syphilis  could  reasonably  limit  him¬ 
self  to  the  application  of  the  Wassermann  reaction,  so  no  one 
undertaking  the  investigation  of  the  mental  constitution  of  a 
human  subject  could  reasonably  limit  himself  to  the  application 
of  this  or  any  other  single  test. 


PART  VI.  SUMMARY. 


1.  Our  special  problem  was  to  develop  a  free  association  test, 
to  be  applied  by  means  of  a  specially  selected  list  of  stimulus 
words,  whereby  a  subject’s  mental  capacity  might  be  estimated 
from  a  measure  of  what  he  has  acquired  in  the  course  of  his 
education  in  comparison  with  the  average  acquisition  of  a  group 
of  subjects  of  the  same  amount  of  education. 

2.  In  selecting  the  stimulus  words  we  were  guided  mainly  by 
the  standard  curricula  of  American  schools. 

3.  Test  records  from  one  thousand  subjects  of  at  least  full 
collegiate  education  served  for  the  construction  of  frequency 
tables;  among  these  were  one  hundred  specially  qualified  subjects, 
listed  in  Cattell’s  “Amercan  Men  of  Science,”  more  than  halft  of 
them  “starred  man,”  whose  test  records  served  for  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  a  “high  standard,”  rendering  possible  a  more  accurate 
evaluation  of  reactions. 

4.  In  scoring  test  records  we  have  found  the  following  meas¬ 
urements  to  be  apparently  of  most  significance :  a.  Sum  of  “high 
standard”  values;  b.  Number  of  common  reactions;  c.  Individ¬ 
uality  index,  i.e.,  a  measure  of  the  tendency  to  respond  with  indi¬ 
vidual  reactions;  and  d.  Failure  index,  i.e.,  a  measure  of  the 
tendency  to  fail  to  respond. 

5.  Three  hundred  test  records  were  secured  from  pupils  in 
the  elementary  schools,  high  schools,  and  colleges  in  New  York 
City,  which  served  for  the  construction  of  a  scale  of  norms. 

6.  One  hundred  test  records  were  secured  from  adults  of 
various  degrees  of  education  below  college  for  comparison  with 
those  obtained  from  younger  subjects  for  the  purpose  of  gaining 
some  idea  of  the  influence  of  the  factor  of  physiological 
maturation. 

7.  As  far  as  this  test  is  concerned,  the  results  are  influenced 
by  the  factor  of  education  up  to,  but  not  beyond,  the  first  year  in 
college. 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT 


hi 


8.  Native  mental  capacity  influences  the  results  very  mark¬ 
edly,  as  is  shown  by  the  wide  variations  in  groups  approximately 
homogenous  in  respect  to  education. 

9.  The  factor  of  physiological  maturation  can  be  shown  to 
have  an  influence  up  to  the  age  of  eleven  years,  but  not  beyond. 

10.  The  influence  of  another  factor  can  be  demonstrated, 
which  may  be  termed  temporary  condition  of  the  subject. 

11.  All  conditions  being  approximately  equal,  no  difference  is 
found  in  the  showings  of  the  two  sexes  as  regards  our  most  sig¬ 
nificant  measure, — the  sum  of  “high  standard”  values ;  but  male 
subjects  show  very  consistently  a  tendency  to  give  either  individ¬ 
ual  reactions  or  common  reactions  having  no  “high  standard” 
value  where  female  subjects  furnish  failures  of  reaction  instead. 

12.  Variously  selected  groups  of  subjects  show,  independently 
of  education,  striking  contrasts  in  the  results  of  this  test.  Es¬ 
pecially  interesting  in  this  connection  is  the  fact  that  subjects 
listed  in  Cattell’s  “American  Men  of  Science,”  but  not  “starred,” 
make  a  showing  superior  to  those  who  have  gained  a  Doctor’s 
degree  but  who  are  not  listed;  while  “starred  men”  make  a 
showing  superior  to  those  not  “starred.” 

13.  Our  pathological  material  consists  of  205  selected  cases 
of  dementia  praecox,  manic-depressive  psychoses,  paranoic  con¬ 
ditions,  and  epilepsy.  The  subjects  were  classified  into  two 
groups:  those  who  had  had  not  more,  and  those  who  had  had 
more,  than  an  elementary  school  education. 

14.  As  far  as  the  elementary  education  group  is  concerned,  the 
existence  of  one  of  these  neuropathic  conditions  (free,  by  selec¬ 
tion,  from  mental  deterioration  or  unusual  associational  mechan¬ 
isms),  with  the  possible  exception  of  epilepsy,  does  not  affect  un¬ 
favorably  the  showing  in  the  test  as  regards  sum  of  “high 
standard”  values;  but  a  tendency  to  give  individual  reactions  or 
common  reactions  without  “high  standard”  value,  where  normal 
subjects  give  failures  of  reaction,  seems  to  characterize  all  the 
groups  of  neuropathic  subjects  independently  of  sex. — It  would 
seem  that  there  is  in  normal  subjects,  independently  of  sex,  an 
inhibiting  mechanism  which  is  lacking  in  neuropathic  subjects 


ii2  A.  J.  ROSANOFF,  H.  E.  MARTIN  AND  I.  R.  ROSANOFF 


and  which  is  distinct  from  the  somewhat  similar  inhibiting  mech¬ 
anism  existing  in  the  female  and  lacking  in  the  male  sex. 

15.  As  far  as  the  higher  than  elementary  education  group  is 
concerned,  the  showing  of  neuropathic  subjects  falls  very  dis¬ 
tinctly  below  that  of  normal  subjects. 

16.  Of  the  four  neuropathic  groups  considered  the  showing 
most  closely  approaching  that  of  normal  subjects  is  that  of  the 
manic-depressive  group;  and  this  is  followed  by  the  remaining 
groups  in  this  order :  dementia  praecox,  paranoic  conditions,  and 
epilepsy. 

17.  In  Part  V.  an  attempt  is  made  to  evaluate  the  method  in 
the  light  of  the  results.  Certain  criticisms  and  suggestions  which 
have  been  made  are  discussed.  It  appears  that  only  41  of  the 
100  stimulus  words  on  our  list  are  well  suited  for  our  purpose; 
28  others  are  less  well  suited,  yet  give  a  result  on  the  whole  fairly 
consistent  with  expectation;  the  remaining  31  are  ill  suited. — 
The  test  is  capable  of  improvement  through  a  better  selection,  of 
stimulus  words  by  an  empirical  method  which  readily  suggests 
itself. 

18.  The  test  could  probably  be  further  improved  by  a  stricter 
selection  of  subjects  whose  test  records  should  go  to  make  up 
the  “high  standard”  in  the  frequency  tables.  Should  a  re¬ 
standardisation  be  attempted  it  would  be  desirable  to  select  for 
his  purpose  only  “starred  men”  to  begin  with  and  then,  from 
amongst  them,  those  whose  showing  in  the  test  is  above  the 
average  for  their  class. 

19.  This  test  is  not  applicable  to  subjects  showing  unusual  as- 
sociational  mechanisms.  In  a  given  case  the  question  of  the 
presence  of  such  mechanisms  can  be  decided  by  the  application  of 
the  Kent-Rosanoff  test. 

20.  In  a  given  case,  in  order  to  eliminate  the  possible  disturb¬ 
ing  influence  of  the  factor  which  We  have  termed  temporary  con¬ 
dition  of  the  subject ,  it  might  be  well  to  apply  the  test  two  or 
three  times  at  intervals  of  about  three  months  and  use  the  test 
record  with  the  best  showing. 

2 1.  A  good  showing  in  the  test  does  not  necessarily  indicate 
a  mental  constitution  which  would  insure  in  the  given  case  a 


A  HIGHER  SCALE  OF  MENTAL  MEASUREMENT  113 

career  of  productiveness  and  achievement,  but  only  the  possession 
of  certain  elements  of  mental  constitution  which  bear  a  highly 
important  relationship  to  such  a  career. 

22.  Accordingly,  the  test  is  offered  not  as  capable  of  furnishing 
a  conclusive  result  in  a  given  case  but  only  as  a  material  aid,  to 
be  used  in  connection  with  other  means  of  investigation,  in  meas¬ 
uring  mental  capacity. 

We  acknowledge  gratefully  our  indebtedness  to  Miss  Z.  P. 
Buck,  Professor  Lawrence  W.  Cole,  Mr.  Geo.  S.  Counts,  Profes¬ 
sors  Eleanor  A.  McC.  Gamble,  Melvin  E.  Haggerty,  Austin  L. 
Hodges,  H.  L.  Hollingworth,  Eleanor  H.  Rowland,  Raymond 
A.  Schwegler,  Walter  D.  Scott,  Renel  H.  Sylvester,  Margaret  F. 
Washburn,  G.  M.  Whipple,  Dr.  Lillian  Rosanoff,  and  others,  too 
numerous  to  mention,  for  assistance  in  the  collection  of  material. 


3  0112  061799638 


